centOS 5.5下搭建LAMP环境.doc

Cenos下搭建LAMP环境（其实最建党的方式就是利用yum来安装，可能是系统的原因（求指正）安装完之后版本比较低，所以老老实实卸载按下面步骤重装）一、web服务器的安装关闭selinuxvi /etc/selinux/config设置 SELINUX=disabled1、安装开发工具软件包组yum -y groupinstall Development Tools2、更新软件yum -y update3、安装mysql，从网站上下载最新的srpm包/downloads/mysql/#downloads3.1、安装mysql依赖库 yum -y install gperf ncurses-devel readline-devel zlib-devel cmake libaio-devel3.2、编译mysql rpm包rpmbuild -rebuild MySQL-5.5.20-1.linux2.6.src.rpm3.3、安装rpm包cd /usr/src/redhat/RPMS/x86_64/rpm -ivh MySQL*3.4、配置mysqlcp /usr/share/mysql/f /etc/f3.5、开启mysql 并开机运行service mysql startchkconfig mysql on3.6、设置mysql安全参数运行 mysql_secure_installation4、安装新版apr，从网站上下载源码包/apache/apr/4.1、编译apr为rpm包rpmbuild -ta apr-1.4.5.tar.bz2cd /usr/src/redhat/RPMS/x86_64/rpm -ivh apr*4.2、安装apr-util4.2.1、安装apr-util依赖包yum -y install expat-devel libuuid-devel db4-devel postgresql-devel sqlite-devel freetds-devel unixODBC-devel openldap-devel openssl-devel nss-devel4.2.2、编译apr-util为rpm包rpmbuild -ta apr-util-1.3.12.tar.bz2cd /usr/src/redhat/RPMS/x86_64/rpm -ivh apr-util*5、安装apache，从apache官网下载源码包/apache/httpd/5.1、安装依赖包yum -y install pcre-devel distcache*5.2、编译apache为rpm包，最高版本支持到2.2.21，如果要安装更高版本的apache软件，则要升级其他相关软件rpmbuild -ta httpd-2.2.21.tar.gz5.3、安装http rpm包cd /usr/src/redhat/RPMS/x86_64rpm -ivh httpd*rpm -ivh mod_ssl*5.4、开启httpd 并开机启动service httpd startchkconfig httpd on6、安装php，从网站上下载最新版本的srpm包6.1、安装依赖包yum -y install bzip2-devel curl-devel gmp-devel pam-devel libtool-ltdl-devel libevent-devel libc-client-devel libxml2-devel net-snmp-devel libxslt-devel libxml2-devel libjpeg-devel libpng-devel freetype-devel libXpm-devel libmcrypt-devel libtidy-devel aspell-devel recode-devel libicu-devel6.2、编译php为rpm包cp /usr/bin/mysql_config /usr/lib64/mysql/mysql_configrpmbuild -rebuild php-5.3.9-1.w5.src.rpm6.3、安装php rpm包cd /usr/src/redhat/RPMS/x86_64/rpm -ivh php*6.4、修改php 配置根据需要修改内存和执行时间的参数7、安装fastcgi 从网站下载apache相应版本（mod_fastcgi-SNAP-0910052141.tar.gz）tar zxf mod_fastcgi-SNAP-0910052141.tar.gzcd mod_fastcgi-SNAP-0910052141apxs -o mod_fastcgi.so -c *.ccp .libs/mod_fastcgi.so .apxs -i -a -n fastcgi mod_fastcgi.so7.1、编辑vi /etc/httpd/conf.d/fastcgi.conf ScriptAlias /fcgi-bin/ /var/fcgi-bin/ FastCgiExternalServer /var/fcgi-bin/php-cgi -host :9000 -appConnTimeout 1800 -idle-timeout 300 -pass-header Authorization SetHandler fastcgi-script Options FollowSymLinks Order allow,deny Allow from all AddType application/x-httpd-php .php AddHandler php-fastcgi .php Action php-fastcgi /fcgi-bin/php-cgicd /varmkdir fcgi-bincd fcgi-bincp /usr/bin/php-cgi .chown apache:apache php-cgi7.2、配置apache主配置文件 使之包含fastcgi.conf这个文件先禁用原有的proxy模块和cgi模块vi /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf在末尾加入如下行Include conf.d/fastcgi.conf7.3、开启php-fpm 并开机启动service php-fpm startchkconfig php-fpm on8、安装zendguard 从官网下载 ZendGuardLoader-php-5.3-linux-glibc23-x86_64.tar.gzvi /etc/php.d/zend.inizend_extension=/usr/lib64/php/modules/ZendGuardLoader.soservice php-fpm restart9、配置/etc/sysctl.conf，往该文件末尾添加如下内容vi /etc/sysctl.confnet.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 65536dev_max_backlog = 32768net.core.somaxconn = 32768net.core.wmem_default = 8388608net.core.rmem_default = 8388608net.core.rmem_max = 16777216net.core.wmem_max = 16777216net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps = 0net.ipv4.tcp_synack_retries = 2net.ipv4.tcp_syn_retries = 2net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1#net.ipv4.tcp_tw_len = 1net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1net.ipv4.tcp_mem = 94500000 915000000 927000000net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans = 3276800#net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30#net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 120net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 6553510、配置/etc/security/limits.conf ，往该文件末尾添加如下内容vi /etc/security/limits.conf * soft nofile 262144* hard nofile 262144* soft nproc 262144* hard nproc 26214411、新建http日志文件目录mkdir -p /var/log/webchown -R apache:apache /var/log/web12、修改apache配置和php的配置参考已经在运行的配置文件13、源码编译pureftpwget /pub/pure-ftpd/releases/pure-ftpd-1.0.32.tar.gzrpmbuild -ta pure-ftpd-1.0.32.tar.gzcd /usr/src/redhat/RPMS/x86_64rpm -ivh pure*以上所有配置可以参考已经在运行的服务器 以web22为准14、配置开机禁用防火墙chkconfig iptables off15、重启服务器reboot16、对于服务器排错，这里没办法列举，只能通过查看相关日志信息来解决，如果解决不了，通过网络上搜索，切忌在没有看清楚相关命令的作用的情况下，复制粘贴到服务器上进行操作，如果误操作，轻则重启相关服务或者整台服务器，重则损失大量数据17、要注意备份网站数据库和网站模板，目前每天都有定时备份这些数据到pr3，路径为/data/backup18、各服务的配置文件mysql: /etc/fhttpd: /etc/httpd/conf/http.conf /etc/httpd/conf/extra/ /etc/httpd/conf.d/ /etc/httpd/conf.d/vhosts/ 目录下php: /etc/php.ini /etc/php.d/ /etc/php-fpm.conf /etc/php-fpm.d/www.confpureftp: /etc/pure-ftpd.conf /etc/pure-ftpd/pureftpd-mysql.conf 18、需要定期整站备份到其他服务器上，一般半个月或者一个月整站备份一次二、反向代理服务器安装请参考如下链接/183345/166381第1部分:安装 1. 建立用户及组 /usr/sbin/groupadd www /usr/sbin/useradd -g www www 2. 安装pcre 让nginx支持rewrite 方便以后所需 wget ftp:/ftp.csx.cam.ac.uk/pub/software/programming/pcre/pcre-7.8.tar.gz tar zxvf pcre-7.8.tar.gz cd pcre-7.8/ ./configure make & make install 3. 安装nginx wget http:/sysoev.ru/nginx/nginx-0.7.58.tar.gz tar zxvf nginx-0.7.58.tar.gz cd nginx-0.7.58/ ./configure -user=www -group=www -prefix=/usr/local/webserver/nginx -with- http_stub_status_module -with-http_ssl_module -with-cc-opt=-O2 -with-cpu-opt=opteron make & make install #注意上文中的-with-cc-opt=-O2 -with-cpu-opt=opteron 这是编译器优化,目前最常用的是-02 而不是3.后面对应CPU的型号,可参照:http:/wiki.gentoo.tw/index.php/HOWTO_CFLAG第2部分:配置及优化配置文件 1. nginx.conf 配置文件:user www www;worker_processes 4;# debug | info | notice | warn | error | crit error_log /usr/local/webserver/nginx/logs/nginx_error.log crit;pid /usr/local/webserver/nginx/nginx.pid;#Specifies the value for maximum file descriptors that can be opened by this process.worker_rlimit_nofile 51200;events use epoll; worker_connections 51200;http include mime.types; default_type application/octet-stream; source_charset GB2312; server_names_hash_bucket_size 256; client_header_buffer_size 256k; large_client_header_buffers 4 256k; #size limits client_max_body_size 50m; client_body_buffer_size 256k; client_header_timeout 3m; client_body_timeout 3m; send_timeout 3m;#参数都有所调整.目的是解决代理过程中出现的一些502 499错误 sendfile on; tcp_nopush on; keepalive_timeout 120; #参数加大,以解决做代理时502错误 tcp_nodelay on; include vhosts/upstream.conf; include vhosts/bbs.linuxtone.conf;2. upstream.conf 配置文件(这也是做负载的配置方法)upstream.conf upstream server :8099; 3. 站点配置文件bbs.linuxtone.confserver listen 80; server_name bbs.linuxtone.conf; charset GB2312; index index.html index.htm; root /date/wwwroot/linuxtone/; location /NginxStatus/ stub_status on; access_log off; location / root /date/wwwroot/linuxtone/; proxy_redirect off ; proxy_set_header Host $host; proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; proxy_set_header REMOTE-HOST $remote_addr; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; client_max_body_size 50m; client_body_buffer_size 256k; proxy_connect_timeout 30; proxy_send_timeout 30; proxy_read_timeout 60; proxy_buffer_size 256k; proxy_buffers 4 256k; proxy_busy_buffers_size 256k; proxy_temp_file_write_size 256k; proxy_next_upstream error timeout invalid_header http_500 http_503 http_404; proxy_max_temp_file_size 128m; proxy_pass ; #参数都有所调整.目的是解决代理过程中出现的一些502 499错误 #Add expires header for static content location * .(jpg|jpeg|gif|png|swf)$ if (-f $request_filename) root /date/wwwroot/linuxtone/; expires 1d; break; log_format access $remote_addr - $remote_user $time_local $request $status $body_bytes_sent $http_referer $http_user_agent $http_x_forwarded_for; access_log /exp/nginxlogs/bbs.linuxtone_access.log access; 注:第二种代理方式nginx 处理下图片,html等静态的东西.其它动态由apache处理.因此apache也需要做一些参数调整.设置图片等过期时间.缓解请求.如果源与nginx在同一台机器建议使用如下方法: location / proxy_pass :8099/; proxy_redirect default ; 针对不同的目录进行代理把下面的配置放到根目录代理的上面 location /linuxtone/ proxy_pass :8099/linuxtone/; proxy_redirect default ; 4 源配置 ServerAdmin liuyu105# DocumentRoot /date/wwwroot/linuxtone ServerName ErrorLog logs/linuxtone_error_log CustomLog |/usr/local/sbin/cronolog logs/linuxtone_access_log.%Y%m%d combined 第3部分:源的优化1 apache-mpm.conf StartServers 15 MinSpareServers 15 MaxSpareServers 30 ServerLimit 2536 MaxClients 2048 MaxRequestsPerChild 15002 apache-keepaliveTimeout 120 #与nginx的保持一至KeepAlive OnMaxKeepAliveRequests 400KeepAliveTimeout 7第4部分:PHP的优化优化一:将PHP由之前的xcache换成eaccelerator1 安装wget /source//eaccelerator-.tar.bz2tar jxvf eaccelerator-.tar.bz2cd eaccelerator-/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize./configure -enable-eaccelerator=shared -with-php-config=/usr/local/php5/bin/php-configmakemake install注:PHP路径以安装为准!2 配置sed -i s#extension_dir = ./#extension_dir = /usr/local/php5/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/nextension = memcache.son# /etc/php.inised -i s#output_buffering = Off#output_buffering = On# /etc/php.inised -i s#; always_populate_raw_post_data = On#always_populate_raw_post_data = On#g /etc/php.ini配置eAccelerator加速PHP：mkdir -p /usr/local/webserver/eaccelerator_cachevi /etc/php.ini按shift+g键跳到配置文件的最末尾，加上以下配置信息：eacceleratorzend_extension=/usr/local/php5/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/eaccelerator.soeaccel