英语专业八级人文知识精讲NO.doc

英语专业八级人文知识精讲NO.02_1_ The study of _B_ is Syntax.A textual organization B sentence structures C word formation D language functions_2_ Which of the following is NOT a distinctive feature of human language?DA arbitrariness B productivity C cultural transmission D finiteness_3_ The speech act theory was first put forward by_.BA John Scarl B Johan Austin C Noarn Chomsky D M.A.K Halliday_4_ The capital city of Canada is _B.A Montreal B Ottawa C Vancouver D York_5_ U.S. presidents normally serve a (an) _B term.A eight-year B four-year C six-year D two year_6_ Which of the following cities is NOT located in the Northeast, U.S.AA Huston B Baltimore C Philadelphia D Boston_7_The state church in England is _D_.A The Baptist B The Roman Catholic C The Protestant Church D The Church of England_8_ The novel Emma is written by_A.A Jane Austen B Elizabeth C Gaskell C Charlotte Bronte D Mary Shelley_9_ Which of the following is not a Romantic Poet?DA William Wordsworth B Percy B. Shelley C George G. Byron D George Eliot_10_ William Sidney Porter, known as O.Henry, is most famous for _.DA his poem B his plays C His novels D his short stories这套题是05年的真题哦.KEYS: 1-5 BDBBB 6-10 ADADD1. 选B。 Syntax （句法），研究词或其他句子成分如何联合起来形成合乎语法的句子规则的学科。2. 选D。语言的区别性特征包含有五个特征：arbitrariness(任意性)，productivity(能产性), duality（双层性） displacement,（不受时空限制 cultural transmission. （文化传递性）。 Arbitrariness,指一句话所表达的意思与表达这个意思的语言文字之间的关系不确定。Productivity,事实上，能产性有时也称之为创造性，指的是人们可以构造或理解无穷多的新语句。duality, 语言结构的二重性指的一个是语音结构，另一个是语义结构。 cultural transmission指的是语言不像遗传基因那样才能代代相传，语言必须作为一个体系，必须一点一点的习得。人所要学的某一特定的语言是文化的即社会的语言，人出生后孤立于文化或社会环境之外是无法习得语言的。3. 选B。言语行为理论是由英国哲学家奥斯汀提出的假说。60年代，英国哲学家JLAustin奥斯汀和JSearle赛尔勒先后发表了“语言行为”的理论。根据奥斯汀的言语行为理论，当人们所处每句话时，不管其是否含有行为动词，都包含有“说”的成分和“做”的成分，即言内行为locutionary act，言外行为illocutionary act和言后行为perlocutionary act.4. 选B。Canada的首度是Ottawa(渥太华)。Toronto（多伦多）是加拿大最大的城市；Montreal （蒙利特尔）加拿大第二城市；Vancouver（温哥华）为第三大城市。5. 选B。美国总统大选每四年进行一次。美国法律规定每逢以4能除尽的年份的11月的第一个星期一后的星期二举行大选，选举总统和副总统，任期4年。每逢逢双的年份选举众议员，任期2年，并改选1/3的参议员，任期6年。6. 选A。Huston （休斯顿）是位于美国南部Texas（德克萨斯州） 的城市，而Boston（波士顿） Baltimore （巴尔的摩）Philadephia（费城）都是位于美国东北部的大城市。7. 选D。The Church of England (英国圣公会)，是英国的国家教会，是亨利八世1531年创立的，他颁布了最高法案，宣布国王取代教皇成为教会的首脑。英国国教会和国家的关系是一种权利和义务的关系，国王必须是英国国教徒和教会的支持者。8. 选A。Emma爱玛是Jane Austen简奥斯汀的重要作品之一，描写女主人认识自身并逐渐抛开幻想的过程。奥斯汀刻意描绘的都是平常的人和事，但不乏社会关系的最深入的描写。她正是通过对熟悉的人和事的描写展示了她所生活时代英国乡绅阶层的生活景观，如财产继承，家庭问题，教育状况，妇女地位和出路以及道德与习俗等。她的作品以深刻清新和细致敏锐而着称，包含了超越历史时空的对人性的透视和哲理。9. 选D。乔治爱略特George Eliot是玛丽安伊万斯Mary Ann Evans的笔名，这位才女是19世纪现实主义小说的代表。William Wordsworth（威廉华兹华斯），Percy。B Shelly（雪莱）， George GByron (拜伦)都是英国浪漫主义诗歌的代表。10. 选D。OHenry（欧亨利）原名William Sidney Porter （威廉西德尼波特），美国著名短篇小说，麦琪的礼物是他最著名的代表作之一，有人称之为“或许是文学里最佳的通俗故事。”09年英语专业八级人文知识精讲NO.03_1_ The longest river in Britain is _?A Severn B Tees C Thames D Clyde_2_ The British Isles is made up of _?A Three large islands and hundreds of small ones B Two large is ._1_ The longest river in Britain is _?A Severn B Tees C Thames D Clyde_2_ The British Isles is made up of _?A Three large islands and hundreds of small ones B Two large islands and hundreds of small ones C Three large islands and dozens of small ones D Two large islands and dozens of small ones_3_ In _ the Romans conquered Greece.A 146 B.C B 1200 B.C C 700 B.C D the 5th century_4_ Which work described the war led by Agamemnon against the city of Troy?CA Antigone B Odyssey C Iliad D Oedipus the king_5_ There are three political divisions _B_ on the island of Great Britain.A England, Scotland, and Ireland B England, Scotland, and Wales C England, Scotland, and Northern Ireland D Northern Ireland, Wales, and Scotland_6_ The Tower of London, located in the centre of London, was built by_.A King Harold B William the Conqueror C Robin Hood D Oliver CromwellC_7_ St. Pauls Cathedral is in _B_.A Liverpool B London C Glasgow D Birmingham_8_ The largest lake in Britain is _D_?A Ullswater B Loch Lomond C Windermere D The Lough Neagh_9_ Which culture reached a high point of development in the 5th century B.C?A Roman Culture B Greek Culture C Chinese Culture D Egyptian Culture_10_The founder of scientific mathematics is _.A Aristotle B Heraclitus C Socrates D Pythagoras答案：1. 选A。 Severn（塞汶河）为英国最长的河，长约338千米。 Thames（泰晤士河）为英国第二大河。2. 选B。 大不颠岛山大不颠岛和爱尔兰岛两个大岛和数百个小岛组成。3. 选A。 公元前146年，罗马征服希腊。考试大4. 选C。 Iliad伊利亚特描述了由 Agamemnon（阿伽门侬）领导的Troy（特洛伊）战争。5. 选B。 大不颠岛有三大政治区：England英格兰、Scotland苏格兰、Wales威尔士，其中人口最多，面积最大的岛是England（英格兰）。6. 选B。 The Tower of London（伦敦塔），位于泰晤士河北岸，伦敦塔附近，是伦敦著名的古迹之一。William the Conqueror(威廉一世)于11世纪保卫和控制整个伦敦而建造了该塔，占地18英亩。经过历代君主的扩建和修整，整个建筑反映了英国不同朝代的建筑风格。7. 选B。 St. Pauls Cathedral (圣保罗大教堂)是英格兰最大的新教教堂。最早在此址上建立的诺曼教堂在1666年的伦敦大火中焚毁，现在圣保罗大教堂由英国建筑师雷恩设计，于1675年兴建，历时35年于1710年建好。教堂内有威灵顿纪念碑，教堂正门上部人子墙上雕刻着圣保罗传教的画面，墙顶上立有圣保罗的石雕像。8. 选D。 The Lough Neagh（内伊湖）英国北爱尔兰湖泊，是大不列颠岛最大的湖，长31公里，面积389平方公里。Lough 为爱尔兰方言，是湖泊、海湾的意思。9. 选B。公元前5世纪希腊人击败了波斯人的入侵，使希腊文化在文学、哲学科学等领域达到了繁荣的顶峰。10.选D。Pythagoras(毕达哥拉斯)，古希腊哲学家、数学家，是数学学科的奠基人，他认为数是万物之源，提倡禁欲主义，促进了数学和西方理性哲学的发展09年英语专业八级人文知识精讲NO.04_1_ The Romans led by Julius Caesar launched their first invasion on Britain in _?A 200 B.C B 55 A.D C 55 B.C D 410 A.D_2_ The capital of Northern Ireland is _?A Blefast B ._1_ The Romans led by Julius Caesar launched their first invasion on Britain in _?A 200 B.C B 55 A.D C 55 B.C D 410 A.D_2_ The capital of Northern Ireland is _?A Blefast B Birminghan C Edinburgh D Cardiff_3_ The statement “You can not step twice into the same river” was said by_?A Aristotle B Heracletus C Socrates D Pythagoras_4_ The greatest names in European philosophy are Socrates, _, and Aristotle, who are active in Athens in the 5th and 4th century B.C.A Pythagoras B Heracleitus C Herodotus D Plato_5_ Between 1337 and 1453 the _ took place in Britain.A Wars of Roses B Black Death C Hundred Years War D Peasants Uprising_6_ William, Duke of Normandy, fought King Harold of England at the Battle of Hastings in_.A 1066 B 1086 C 1381 D 1035_7_ The first Civil War in Britain lasted from _ to _.A 1600 - 1604 B 1640 - 1644 C 1642 - 1646 D 1646 - 1650_8_ _ believed that the highest good in life was pleasure, freedom from pain and emotional upheaval.A Cynics B Stoics C Sceptics D Epieureans_9_ James Watt created a _ in 1769?A Spinning Mule B Steam Engine C Power Loom D Spinning Jenny_10_Most of the land belonging to the Saxons was confiscated by William and given to _.A The Danes B the Irish C The Norman barons D The Scots答案：1. 选C。公元前55年，由Julius Caesar(恺撒)领导的罗马人首次入侵Britain,而罗马人撤出大不列颠是在公元410年。2. 选A。Belfast(贝尔法斯特)北爱尔兰首府，是北爱尔兰的商业、教育、服务和娱乐中心，也是重要海湾。Birmingham（伯明翰），英格兰城市，英国第二大城市，位于英格兰中部高地、西米德兰郡首府区，是英国重要的工业中心和交通枢纽。Edinburgh(爱丁堡)为Scotland(苏格兰)首府，为英国第二大的仅次于伦敦的旅游城市。Cardiff(卡的夫)是Wales(威尔士)的首府。考试大3. 选B。Heraclaitus(赫拉克利特)，古希腊唯物主义哲学家，辩证法的奠基人之一。他认为“火”是万物的本原，一切都在流动变化之中，“人不能两次踏进同一条河”是他的名言。4. 选D。Socrates(苏格拉底)、Plato(柏拉图)and Aristotle(亚里士多德)是公元前5世纪到公元前4实际活跃在雅典的欧洲三大哲学家。5. 选C。从1337-1453英法之间的战争断断续续地持续了一百年，称之为“英法百年战争”。（Hundred Years War）6. 选A。1066年10月14日William, Duke of Normandy(诺蔓底公爵威廉)在Hastings(黑斯廷斯)战败英国国王Harold（哈罗德），这是英国历史上著名的诺曼征服时间（The Norman Conquest）。次战役确定了诺曼人对英格兰人的统治地位。同年12月25日威廉在伦敦加冕，称William the Conqueror(征服者威廉)。7. 选C。1642英国第一次内战在查里斯国王和国会之间展开，因国王的反对者主要是清教徒，因此英国内战又称之为“清教徒革命”。8. 选D。公元前4世纪，西方哲学四大流派：the Cynics(犬儒主义学派)、the Sceptics（怀疑论学派）、the Epicureans(享乐主义学派)、the Stoics(斯多葛学派)互相争鸣。the Epicureans(享乐主义学派)认为“快乐”是人生的最大追求。9. 选B。James Watt(詹姆斯.瓦特)于1769发明了蒸汽机，蒸汽机的发明在英国的工业革命中起着重要的作用。10.选C。多数本属于萨克逊人的土地被征服者威廉没收后送给了诺曼贵族们。（The Norman barons）09年英语专业八级人文知识精讲NO.05_1_ Who led The Peasants Uprising in Britain?A Watt Tyler B Henry Turner C Richard D Stephen_2_ In English individualistic culture, one should bother Englishmen without a good rea ._1_ Who led The Peasants Uprising in Britain?A Watt Tyler B Henry Turner C Richard D Stephen_2_ In English individualistic culture, one should bother Englishmen without a good reason and making appointment beforehand seems to be important. It is best reflected by an English proverb _?A as welcome as a storm B an Englishmans house is his castle C do not wear out your welcome D outstay ones welcome_3_ _ is the first weekday after Christmas, a legal holiday in English, Wales, Northern Ireland, New Zealand,Australia and South Africa.A Thanksgiving Day B Anzac Day C St. Valentines Day D Boxing Day_4_ The Bible was originally written in _.A Latin B English C Hebrew D Arabic_5_ _ is a very wise man, the king of the Hebrews around the tenth century B.C. and was well-known for his wisdom.A Solomon B The old Adam C Judas D Jesus_6_ Which of the following king was executed in the civil war?A James I B Charles I C James II D Charles II_7_ From 1649 to 1658 English was called a Commonwealth. It was ruled first by Oliver Cromwell as _.A President B Lord Protector C Lieutenant General D Commander of the New Model Army_8_ A “vote of no confidence” is decided by _.A the House of Lords B the Prime Minister C the House of Commons D the two major parties_9_ Which of the following particularly happens on the Queens Birthday?A Trooping the Color B the Eisteddfod C bonfires D masquerades_10_In American English “Totem” is a loan word from _, meaning “图腾” in chinese.A Dutch B India language C German D French 答案：1. 选A。由于百年战争并没有改变农民的生活条件，又加上人头税（the Poll Tax）的征收。1381年(Watt Tyler)瓦特.泰勒领导了农民起义。2. 选B。在英国文化中，一般不事先预约是不会冒然打搅别人。英国人有一句谚语：“英国人的家庭如独立王国-不得擅入”。3. 选D。Boxing Day(礼节日)。英国法定假日，是圣诞节的次日，遇星期日天延顺。按英国习俗，这天向邮递员、仆人、雇员等赠送盒装“节礼”，故称节礼日。4. 选C。圣经最初是以Hebrew(希伯来语)写的。圣经有一部分是讲述古犹太人的历史。从公元前1200年希伯来人定居巴勒斯坦至公元1世纪的古犹太人的历史。考试大5. 选A。Solomon(所罗门、)-932BC.)希伯来（以色列）国王（972-932BC），以武力维持其统治，加强国防，发展贸易，使犹太达到鼎盛时期，以智慧著称。6. 选B。Charles I (查里一世，1600-1649，英国斯图亚特王朝国王)。其统治期间，对抗国会，压迫清教徒，引起内战，1647年别Oliver Cromwell(克伦威尔)领导的军队俘虏。1649年被国会判处死刑。7.B 从1649到1658年的英国被称为共和国（Commonwealth）。共和国的第一位统治者Oliver Cromwell(克伦威尔)成为英格兰共和国的Lord Protector(护国公)。Oliver Cromwell(克伦威尔),1618年当选为议员，为清教徒领袖。英国内战爆发后，他率领铁甲军的骑兵击败了保皇党部队，是处死查理一世的主要人物，1653年将国会解散，自称Lord Protector(护国公)，成为英格兰共和国的首脑。8. 选C。“不信任投票”是由英国下议院（Lower House）即众议院（the House of Commons）决定的，亦称平民院，简称下院。是英国议会的组成部分。议员由普选产生，共有650个席位。下议院首席官员为议长，由议员选举产生。下议院任期为5年，但政府可能提前大选。9. 选A。Queens Birthday(英国女王的诞辰日)为6月。每年的女王生日时在白金汉宫（Buckingham Palace）前都要举行盛大的检阅庆祝活动，这一天，军队将举行场面壮观的Trooping the Color(行军旗敬礼)仪式。10.选B。“Totem”(图腾)-北美印第安人等原始人认为与本氏族或个人有血缘关系并用作标志的动物、植物或自然现象。因此“Totem”一词是从印第安语借用过来的。09年英语专业八级人文知识精讲NO.06_1_ “To know something like the palm of one’s hand” means _?A to understand the nature of something and be competent in the performance of them B to understand everything withou ._1_ “To know something like the palm of ones hand” means _?A to understand the nature of something and be competent in the performance of them B to understand everything without any question C to understand only something easy D to be thoroughly familiar with the nature and details of something_2_ British English is spoken in _?A Great Britain B Australia C New Zealand D A.B and C_3_ Which of the following joined England and Scotland in 1707?A the Act of Supremacy B the Act ofunionC the Reform Act D the Magana Carta_4_ Who said “Give me a place to stand, and I will move the world.”?A Aristotle B Plato C Archimedes D Euclid_5_ The expression that can be used as the euphemism for “garbage collector” is “_”A collecting B garbage engineer C sanitary engineer D sanitation engineer_6_ Who founded the Plantagenet Dynasty?A Henry I B King Joseph C Henry II D Count of Anjor_7_ Who said “Captive Greece took her rude conqueror captive”:?A Horace B Virgil C Plato D Sappho_8_ The religious persecution mainly existed during the reign of _.A Elizabeth I B Henry VIII C Cromwell D Charles I_9_ Eton College is a famous _ of UK.A college B comprehensive school C public school D university_10_Westminster Palace is the _?A seat of British House of Parliament B seat of English church C residence of king of queen D residence of Prime Minister1. 选D。“To know something like the palm of ones hand”的意思是对“什么了如指掌”。2. 选D。在英国、澳大利亚和新西兰都说英国英语。3. 选B。是联合法（the Act of Union）在Anne 统治的1707年把 England and Scotland 统一起来，而Great Britain (大不列颠)也是在其统治期间诞生的。而1801年的联合法爱尔兰并入大不列颠王国，因此英国的名称改为“大不列颠及爱尔兰联合王国”（the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland）。1921年爱尔兰北部6郡（北爱尔兰）化归联合王国，英国的名称也随之改为“大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国”（the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland）。4. 选C。“给我一个支点，我能撬动整个地球”是古希腊科学家Archimedes(阿基米德)的名言。古希腊科学家阿基米德在算术、力学和流体静力学等方面都作了重要的贡献。5. 选D。sanitation engineer (环境工程师)是 “garbage collector” 垃圾清洁工的委婉用语。6. 选C。The Plantagenet Dynasty (金雀花王朝)是由Henry II(亨利二世) 于1154年创立的，并统治了35年，于1189年Henry II 去世而结束。7. 选A。Horace(贺拉斯)，古罗马诗人，以其颂歌著称。 “Captive Greece took her rude conqueror captive” (被征服的希腊征服了它的征服者)为其所说。Virgil(维吉尔，7019BC)伟大的拉丁诗人，著有伟大的史诗埃涅阿斯记（Aeneid）。Plato(柏拉图428-348BC)，古希腊哲学家，他对对话录（Dialogues）影响深远。Sappho(萨福)公元前7世纪希腊最重要的女抒情诗人，其爱情诗影响深远。8. 选D。Charles I(查里一世，1600-1649，英国斯图亚特王朝国王)。其统治期间，对抗国会，压迫清教徒，引起内战，战败后作为“暴君、叛徒、杀人犯和国家公敌”于1649年被国会判处死刑。9. 选C。Eton College(伊顿学院，也称伊顿公学)是英格兰最大的也是最有名的公学之一，设在伯克郡伊顿，是英国的一种中学教育。该校建于1400年与1441年间，由Henry VI为国王赠款所建立的基金中得到奖学金的70名高才生创办的。英国知名的公学还有Harrow School; Rugby School。10.选A。Westminster(威斯敏斯特区)指英国伦敦西部的贵族居住区，在泰晤士河北岸，区内有白金汉宫，议会大厦等。而the Westminster Palace(威斯敏斯特宫)通常指英国议会所在地，因此Westminster 喻指英国国会或英国政府09年英语专业八级人文知识精讲NO.09_1_ When printing was invented in the 1500’s, the _ Bible was the first complete work printed.A Latin B English C Aramaic D Hebrew_2_ Which of the following is NOT a char ._1_ When printing was invented in the 1500s, the _ Bible was the first complete work printed.A Latin B English C Aramaic D Hebrew_2_ Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the Open University?A Its open to everybody B No university degree is awarded C It requires no formal educational qualification D University courses are followed through TV, radio, correspondence, ect_3_ The most important and influential of English Bible is the AuthorizedorKing James version, first published in _.A 1382 B 1901 C 1611 D 1979_4_ In Britain, ministers are appointed by the Queen on the recommendation of _.A the Lord Chancellor B the Prime Minister C the Speaker D the Parliamentary Commissioner_5_ The Middle Ages is also called the _.A “Age of Faith” B “Age of Christianity” C “Age of Holy Spirit” D “Age of Literature”_6_ In the latter part of the 4th century, which of the following tribes swept into Europe from central Asia, robbing and killing large numbers of the half civilized Germanic tribes? A the Mongolians B the Turkish C the Syrians D the Huns_7_ The president of the Lords in Britain is called _.A Lord Chancellor B speaker C Prime Minister D President_8_ The Church was divided into the Roman Catholic Church and Eastern Orthodox Church after _.A 1066 B 1296 C 1054 D 476_9_ Which of the following is the worlds oldest national newspaper?A The Times B The Guardian C The Sun D The Observer_10_Under feudalism, what were the three classes of people of western Europe? _.A the Kingorthe Queen B the House of Commons C the House of Lords D the Cabinet答案：11. 选A。16世纪印刷术发明时，拉叮文圣经是第一部印刷的全文。2. 选B。Open University(开放大学)创办于1971年，是英国在教育方法上一个最重要的创新，旨在利用远程教育向一切没有机会上学的成年人提供接受高等教育的机会。入学报名无论资格，主要以报名时间为依据进行录取。其学位通过累计学分而获得。开放大学有自己的资料库和出版社Open University Press(开放大学出版社)。开放大学不仅开设文理科方面的学位课程，还开设各类职业及培训课程。3. 选C。最重要、最有影响的英文圣经是1611年首版的“圣经钦定的英译本”或称“詹姆斯国王译本”。1382年是第一部完整的英文版本圣经由拉丁文圣经翻译过来的；而标准的美国版圣经修订本是1901年出版的。4. 选B。在英国，女王是根据首相的推荐来任命大臣的。内阁的所有决定都由大臣集体负责。5. 选A。欧洲中世纪被称作“信仰时代”，因为在欧洲中世纪没有统一的中央政府来维持秩序，只有基督徒教会是唯一统一欧洲的组织。6. 选D。the Huns（匈奴），在4世纪末，来自中亚的匈奴扫荡欧洲，掠夺和杀害了很多半开化的日尔曼部落。 7. 选A。Lord Chancellor(英国大法官)，主持上议院，大法官和上诉法院。8. 选C。罗马教会在1054年后分裂为罗马天主教（the Roman Catholic Church）和东正教（Eastern Orthodox Church）。9. 选D。The Observer(观察家报)创办于1791年，是世界上历史最悠久的全国性周报。The Times（泰晤士报）是英国最古老的也是最有影响的全国性日报之一。The Guardian(卫报)英国主要的全国性日报之一。The Sun(太阳报)，其前身为Daily Pioneers（每日先驱报）。10.选A。在封建制度下的西欧，人被分为clergy(牧师/教士)，lords(庄园主) and peasants(农民)三个等级。09年英语专业八级人文知识精讲NO.09_1_ When printing was invented in the 1500’s, the _ Bible was the first complete work printed.A Latin B English C Aramaic D Hebrew_2_ Which of the following is NOT a char ._1_ When printing was invented in the 1500s, the _ Bible was the first complete work printed.A Latin B English C Aramaic D Hebrew_2_ Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the Open University?A Its open to everybody B No university degree is awarded C It requires no formal educational qualification D University courses are followed through TV, radio, correspondence, ect_3_ The most important and influential of English Bible is the AuthorizedorKing James version, first published in _.A 1382 B 1901 C 1611 D 1979_4_ In Britain, ministers are appointed by the Queen on the recommendation of _.A the Lord Chancellor B the Prime Minister C the Speaker D the Parliamentary Commissioner_5_ The Middle Ages is also called the _.A “Age of Faith” B “Age of Christianity” C “Age of Holy Spirit” D “Age of Literature”_6_ In the latter part of the 4th century, which of the following tribes swept into