2015年学大教育艺考生课程——词汇 第二十六讲 The United Kingdom.doc

2015年学大教育艺考生课程词汇 第二十六讲 The United Kingdom适用学科英语适用年级高三适用区域全国课时时长（分钟）60知识点名词辨析；动词辨析；形容词辨析；副词辨析；动词短语辨析；完成句子；句子翻译教学目标知识：1快速复习掌握本单元词汇2快速扩词汇量方法：1老师和学生一起翻译短文并从中找出自己不认识的词汇 2学生将不认识的词汇整理到笔记本上，并默写出所整理的词汇的 汉语意思 能力：1能根据老师所翻译的文章快速记住生词的汉语意思 2 能通过不断上涨的词汇量快速提高阅读能力教学重点课文中的重点单词、短语及相关句型的掌握和运用教学难点重点单词、短语的灵活运用教学过程一、课堂导入From the passage we know the United Kingdom consists of four countries: England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. It also gives us a brief introduction of England and London, and explains how the culture of England was influenced by its invaders.从短文中我们得知联合王国由四个国家：英格兰，威尔士，苏格兰和北爱尔兰组成。它还介绍了英国和伦敦，并说明英格兰文化如何受到入侵者的影响。二、复习预习1）The important words in this passage:1 construction2 firework3 pump 4 painters5 neighbourhood6 defeat7 severe8 characteristic9 alike 10 expert13 physician14 instruct15 attend16 victim17 handle18 enthusiastic19 foresee20 challenge21 enquiry22 announce25 pollute26 blame27 positive28 suspect29 reject30 contribute31chart32 analyse33 cautiously34 radium11 universe12 absorb23 spin24 backward35 movement36 cure【答案】1 construction建筑2 firework烟火3 pump 泵4 painters画家5 neighbourhood邻居6 defeat打败7 severe严重的8 characteristic性格9 alike 相似的10 expert专家11 universe宇宙12 absorb吸收13 physician生理学家14 instruct指令15 attend参加16 victim受害者17 handle处理18 enthusiastic热情的19 foresee预见20 challenge挑战21 enquiry询问22 announce通知25 pollute污染26 blame责备27 positive积极的28 suspect怀疑29 reject拒绝30 contribute贡献31chart图表32 analyse分析33 cautiously好奇地34 radium镭23 spin旋转24 backward向后地35 movement运动36 cure治愈2）The important phrases in this passage:1put forward2made no sense 3strict with 4apart from 5draw a scientific conclusion6link to 7expose to 【答案】1put forward提出2made no sense无意义3strict with对.严格4apart from除了5draw a scientific conclusion得出科学的结论6link to连接7expose to暴露三、知识讲解翻译下面由本单元词汇所编成的故事，学生将在翻译过程中不会的词汇用横线标出。 （一）The passage Sightseeing in the United KingdomAfter the wedding, my cousin and his wife went to the United Kingdom for nationwide sightseeing. He faxed a letter to me in English yesterday. To my delight, he no longer made any tense error. And his description roughly clarified my questions about the UK-its currency, its administration, the institution which divides it into four provinces, and the historical conflicts and quarrels when Southern Ireland broke away from the UK.Unwilling to leave out any attraction, my cousin arranged his enjoyable journey carefully. One attractive place he visited was a castle in the countryside of Scotland, which lies near a port. It used to be the headquarters of the Communism Union but broke down during the war. Finding nothing could take the place of this splendid architecture, people accomplished rebuilding it in 1952. It was to their credit that all furnished rooms are consistent with what they used to be. My cousin was thrilled by its collections consisting of statues plus royal uniforms folded in glass tanks. Though there was no possibility to buy some of these exhibits, it was convenient to take photos, which he sent me along with his fax.观光联合王国我的表弟和他妻子在举办了婚礼后到联合王国做全国旅游观光去了。他昨天传真了一封英文信给我，让我高兴的是，他再也不犯时态错误了，而且他的描述也粗略地向我阐明了关于英国的一些问题它的货币啦，行政管理啦，把它分成四个行政区的制度啦，还有在南爱尔兰脱离联合王国时发生的一些历史上的冲突和争拗。因为不愿意漏掉任何一个景点，我表弟仔细地安排了他愉快的旅程。他参观的其中一个吸引人的地方是苏格兰乡村的一个城堡。城堡靠近一座港口，曾经是共产主义联盟会的总部，但是在战争中倒塌了。人们发现没有任何东西可以取代这座辉煌的建筑，于是在1952年完成了重建。值得赞扬的是，所有配备家具的房间都和它们过去一致的。由雕像加折叠在玻璃柜里的皇家制服组成的收藏品使我表弟震撼不已。尽管没有可能购买这些展览品，拍照却很方便，他在传真中一起发给了我。（二）重点知识总结与解析：1）The important words in this passage:1wedding2fax3description 4roughly 5clarify 6currency7administration8institution9province10conflict11quarrel12unwilling13arrange14enjoyable15attractive16countryside17port18accomplish19furnish20thrill21collection22statues 23plus 24fold25possibility26convenient【答案】1婚礼2传真3描述4粗略地5阐明6货币7行政管理8行政区9省10冲突11争拗12不愿意 13安排14愉快的15吸引人的16乡村17港口18完成19配备家具20震撼21收藏品22雕塑23加24折叠25可能26方便2）The important phrases in this passage:1the United Kingdom2nationwide sightseeing3to my delight4tense error5divide into6break away from7leave out8the Communism Union9break down10take the place of 11splendid architecture12to their credit13consistent with14royal uniform【答案】1联合王国2全国旅游观光3让我高兴的是4时态错误5把.分成6脱离7漏掉8共产主义联盟会9倒塌10取代11辉煌的建筑12值得赞扬的是13一致的14皇家制服（三）知识点讲解：重点词汇知识点1词汇部分词语辨析1. divide/separate 2. puzzle/confuse3.debate/argue/discuss/quarrel 4.influence/affect/effect 词形变化1. convenience n.便利，方便,适合convenient adj.便利的,方便的conveniently adv.便利地2. attraction n.吸引,吸引力attractive adj. 吸引人的,有魅力的attract v. 吸引3. construct v.建造,构造,建立construction n.建筑,建设4. arrange v. 安排,协商arrangement n. 排列,安排5.collect v.收集, 聚集, 集中collection n.收藏, 征收, 搜集品6. fair adj. 公平地, 公正地,unfair adj. 不公平的7.suggest vt.建议, 暗示suggestion n. 提议, 意见, 暗示,重点单词1. consist vi.由.组成, 在于, 一致2. clarify v.澄清, 阐明3. convenience n.便利, 方便, 有益, 有用的, 方便的用具、4. influence n.& vt.影响, 感化, 势力, 有影响的人(或事)5. available adj.可用到的, 可利用的,有空的,6. arrange v.安排, 排列, 协商7. delight n.快乐, 高兴, 喜悦v. (使)高兴, (使)欣喜重点词组take the place of代替,取代 break down损坏，跨，压倒，分解leave out省去,遗漏重点句子1） There is no need to debate any more about why different words are used to describe the four countries.2） It seemed strange that the man who had developed communism should have lived and died in London.重点语法过去分词做宾语补足语知识点2：1). divide/separate v.【解释】divide “把一个整体分成若干部分”,破坏了宾语的完整性,常与 “into”连用separate 指”把原来连在一起或靠近的部分分割开来”,常与 “from” 连用2). puzzle/confuse【解释】puzzle 指“情况错宗复杂, 因而使人感到困惑不解”confuse 指“把事物混淆或弄乱“或“由于混淆、混乱而糊涂”, 语气较弱, 常指暂时现象3) debate/argue/discuss/quarrel辩论,争论【解释】debate就已经确定或统一的问题,各述己见,公开,正式的争论.含交锋的意思argue 指提出理由或事实，试图在争辩中说服对方，或促使他人拥护自己倡导的理由或观点：discuss指一般讨论,谈论quarrel常指因琐事而感到气愤,进行争吵4) influence/affect【解释】Affect着重影响一个人的感情或健康，也指事物受到影响influence影响,指对人或事物起某种作用，使其行为,性格或观点等发生变化，常含有潜移默化的意味.知识点3：1. convenience n.便利，方便,适合convenient adj.便利的,方便的conveniently adv.便利地2. attraction n.吸引,吸引力attractive adj. 吸引人的,有魅力的attract v. 吸引3. construct v.建造,构造,建立construction n.建筑,建设4. arrange v. 安排,协商arrangement n. 排列,安排5.collect v.收集, 聚集, 集中collection n.收藏, 征收, 搜集品6. fair adj. 公平地, 公正地,unfair adj. 不公平的7.suggest vt.建议, 暗示suggestion n. 提议, 意见, 暗示,重点词组知识点1take the place of代替,取代典例1) In the future, natural gas will take the place of petrol as the major fuel.将来天然气会代替汽油成为主要的能源。2) Ill take the place of MrLin next week=Ill take MrLins place next week下周我将代替林老师。重点用法take place发生；举行take ones place就位；代替某人in place of (= instead of)代替in place在适当的位置out of place不得其所，不适当地in the first place首先from place to place到处；各处练习 选择以上短语填空1) A sudden accident _ in the street last evening. 2)She likes everything _ before she starts to workShe hates a messKeys: 1)took place 2)in place知识点2break down损坏，跨，压倒，分解经典例句1) The bridge broke down桥塌了。2) The engine broke down发动机坏了。3) He has broken down from overwork他因工作过度而累垮了。4) Water can be broken down into hydrogen and oxygen水可以分解为氢和氧。5) The plan to build another chemical work has broken down because it will cause serious pollution再建一个化工厂的计划失败了，因为这将引起严重的污染。词汇激活 break away from摆脱，脱离break in闯入；插话break into闯入；破门而人；打断(谈话)break off中止；折断；打折break out爆发；突然发生break through突破；冲垮break up分解；(使)结束;分开,分离练习请填人适当的介词或副词： 1)To understand the grammar of the sentence, you must break it _ into pieces.2) The elevator broke _.3) Fighting broke_ in the prison cells.4)Fire broke _during the night. 5) On the way to the prison house, the prisoners suddenly broke _ from the policeman.Keys: 1) down 2) down 3) out 4) out 5) away知识点3leave out省去,遗漏 典例1) You have left out the most important word in this sentence你在这一句中遗漏了最重要的一个单词。2) Dont leave me out when you invite people to your party当你邀请人们去参加晚会时，别把我漏掉了。重点用法leave for 动身到(某处)leave alone不管;撇下一个人leave aside搁置leave behind遗忘;遗留练习请填人适当的介词或副词：1) They were left _ in the wilderness. 2) He was asked to make up the information left _ by the leader.Keys: 1) alone 2) out重点句型知识点1There is no need to debate any more about why different words are used to describe the four countries.没有必要去争论为什么要用不同的词去描述这四个国家。解释There is no need to do没有必要做某事There is no doubt that 是毫无疑问的练习汉译英1) 我们有必要再去那一趟吗?_2) 没必要给他写封信告知这个消息._Keys:1) Is there any need for us to go there again?2) There is no need to write to him and inform him the news.知识点2It seemed strange that the man who had developed communism should have lived and died in London.这似乎是一件怪事:这位发展了共产主义的人竟然在伦敦生活过，而且在伦敦去世.解释 It is/seems/that 从句用虚拟语气，由“should+v.原形”构成典例1) It is strange that my mother should agree with me.真奇怪我妈妈竟然答应了我。2) It was strange that my mother should have agreed with me. 真奇怪我妈妈竟然答应了我。练习翻译1） 真奇怪,他竟然考试不及格._2） 似乎很奇怪，他能够通过触摸判断花的种类。_Key: 1) Its strange that he should fail the exam. 2) It seemed strange that he could tell the different kinds of flower by touching.四、例题精析【例题1】选择divide或separate并用其适当的形式填空1） The apple was _ into two.2） His lecture _divides into three parts. 3） She was _separated from her husband last year. 4） The Taiwan Strait _ Taiwan from Fujian【答案】1） divided 2）divides 3） separated 4）separates【解析】divide “把一个整体分成若干部分”,破坏了宾语的完整性,常与 “into”连用separate 指”把原来连在一起或靠近的部分分割开来”,常与 “from” 连用【例题2】选择puzzle 或confuse并用其适当的形式填空1）What he did _puzzled me greatly.2）They asked me so many questions that they _confused me.3）I am always _ salt with sugar.4）The patients illness _ the doctor; and he couldnt find the cause.【答案】1）puzzled 2）confused 3）confusing 4）puzzled【解析】puzzle 指“情况错宗复杂, 因而使人感到困惑不解”confuse 指“把事物混淆或弄乱“或“由于混淆、混乱而糊涂”, 语气较弱, 常指暂时现象【例题3】选择debate/argue/discuss/quarrel或puzzle并用其适当的形式填空1）The couple are always _quarreling about the past.2）Have you _ the problem with anyone?3）I _ with her all day about the situation.【答案】 1）quarreling 2）discussed 3）argued【解析】debate就已经确定或统一的问题,各述己见,公开,正式的争论.含交锋的意思argue 指提出理由或事实，试图在争辩中说服对方，或促使他人拥护自己倡导的理由或观点：discuss指一般讨论,谈论quarrel常指因琐事而感到气愤,进行争吵五、课堂运用【基础】 选择influence或affect并用其适当的形式填空1) The noise from the street _affected my study.2) Outside factors _influenced him to resign.3) My parents _ my childhood a great deal.【答案】1) affected 2) influenced 3) influenced翻译句子1) 你得在会议开始前把书架上的书整理好。2）他们在秘密地为一场盛大婚礼做准备【答案】1) You should finish arranging the books on the shelves before the meeting. 2) They are arranging for a big wedding secretly.【巩固】1.单项填空We regret to inform you that there are no tickets _ for Fridays performance.A. available B. spare C. convenient D. affordable【答案】A【解析】 根据句意“我们很遗憾地通知你星期五的演出票没有了”。可知available “可提供的，可得到的”，常作后置定语。用括号内所提供词的适当形式填空1) These meals are quick and _ to prepare. (convenience)2) We provide these meals for the _ of the customers. (convenience)3) What _ me first was that there is a beautiful house with an _ garden.(attraction)4) They had an _ that the children would spend their holiday abroad.(arrange)5) The classic music _ his childhood. (influence)6) He thought that listening to the music has a calming _ on him. (influence)7) A new city of Wenchuan is still under _.(construct)8) A new city of Wenchuan is still under construction, although it was _ a half year ago.(construct)9) At the whole classmates_, the head teacher _ they should go camping this weekend. (suggest)【答案】1) convenient; 2) convenience 3)attracted; attractive 4) arrangement 5)influenced; 6)influence 7)construction; 8)constructed 9)suggestion; suggested【提高】英汉互译一） 英译汉1. People may wonder why different words are used to describe these four countries: England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland.【答案】人们也许觉得奇怪，为什么用来描述英格兰、威尔士、苏格兰和北爱尔兰这四个国家的词语不太一样。2. So only Northern Ireland joined with England, Wales and Scotland to become the United Kingdom and this was shown to the world in a new flag called the Union Jack.【答案】因此只有北爱尔兰同英格兰、威尔士、苏格兰联合起来，而组成了联合王国，这一点从新的联合王国国旗上就可以看得出来。3. ThegreatesthistoricaltreasureofallisLondonwithitsmuseums,artcollections,theatres,parksandbuildings.【答案】最具历史意义的宝地是伦敦。那儿有博物馆，有艺术珍品、剧院、公园和各种建筑物。4. It has the oldest port built by the Romans in the first century AD, the oldest building begun by the Anglo-Saxons in the 1060s and the oldest castle constructed by later Norman rulers in 1066.【答案】它有公元一世纪由罗马人建造的最古老的港口，有由盎格鲁撒克逊人始建于11世纪60年代的最古老的建筑，还有公元1066年由后来的诺曼人统治者建造的最古老的城堡。5. The first invaders, the Romans, left their towns and roads.The second, the Anglo-Saxons, left their language and their government.The third, the Vikings, influenced the vocabulary and place-names of the North of England, and the fourth, the Normans, left castles and introduced new words for food.【答案】最早的入侵者是古罗马人，他们留下了他们的城镇和道路。接着是盎格鲁撒克逊人，留下了他们的语言和政体。第三是斯堪的纳维亚人，他们对词汇和北部的地名造成了一定影响；第四是诺曼人，他们留下了城堡和新的食物名称的词语。二） 汉译英1. 这支球队由12人组成。【答案】The team consists of 12 players.2. 这位艺术家的风格上的美在于它的简朴。【答案】The beauty of the artists style consists in its simplicity.3.她写信详细说明她的意图。【答案】She wrote a letter to clarify her intentions.4.如果方便就来看看我。【答案】Come and see me if it is convenient to you5.你方便明天开始工作吗?【答案】Will it be convenient for you to start work tomorrow?课程小结本节课主要围绕必修五词汇进行多方位记忆，将精心挑选出的表达情感类的词汇、短语进行汇编串联，够成趣味文章。需要重点掌握的是除了本单元的词汇 还有文章中出现的其他词汇的汉语意思。尽可能多的扩大词汇量，尽可能快的记住每个生词的意思，近年高考对词汇的考查越来越重视，因此，同学在通过词汇量的增大，快速提高了阅读能力，使整个高考题的卷面分数全面提高。课后作业【基础】 根据文章内容，从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项。1. In the first paragraph，how did the authors cousin tell him about the