TEM4 写作讲座1 应用文.doc

Part : WRITING1. 测试要求：a) 作文能根据所给的作文题目、提纲或图表、数据等，写一篇200个单词左右的作文。能做到内容切题、完整，条理清楚，结构严禁，语法正确，语言通顺，表达得体。b) 便条能根据做给提示写50至60个单词的便条、通知、请帖等。能做到格式正确，语言得体。考试时间10分钟。2. 测试形式： Section A: Composition命题作文，文章体裁主要属于说明文、议论文或记叙文的范围。Section B: Note-writing本节是写便条。3 测试目的：按照大纲要求测试学生书面表达的能力。 TEM4作文部分评分原则及标准1 英语专业四级作文检查考生是否达到英语专业教学大纲规定的四级教学要求，对作文的评判应以此要求为准则。2 专业四级作文题采用总体评分方法。阅卷人员就总的印象给出奖励分，而不是按语言点的错误数目扣分。 3 从内容和语言两个方面对作文进行综合评判。内容和语言是一个统一体，作文应表达题目所规定的内容，而内容要通过语言来表达。要考虑作文是否切题，是否充分表达思想，也要考虑是否用英语清楚而确切地表达思想，即考虑语言上的错误时候造成理解上的障碍。4 避免趋中倾向。给高分的给高分，包括满分；该给低分的给低分，包括零分，一名阅卷人员在所阅的全部作文卷中不应只给中间几种分数。5 英语专业四级考试委员会要求阅卷人员评分时综合考虑以下四个问题：a. 作文是否体现主题思想；作文要体现主题思想，即是要求文章切题，全文统一，无不相关细节内容。b. 组织结构是否合理；组织结构合理主要体现在全文条理清楚、组织连贯和谐、善于使用衔接语以增强文章的逻辑性。 不要堆积独立的句子，相互间缺乏逻辑照应关系，显得晦涩难懂，没有条理。c. 语言文字是否有重大错误；正确使用英语语法是英语学习的一个重要目的，而体现在写作中，则是语句合乎英语语法习惯，一篇充斥着语法错误的习作让人难以读，也不可能获得高分。d. 卷面布局是否整洁。字体端正清晰、易于辨识；规范大小写；词间空格；段前缩进；正确使用标点符号；避免拼写错误、减少涂改。14分 切题。表达思想清楚，文字通顺，连贯性较好，基本无语言错误。11分 切题。表达思想清楚，文字连贯，但有少量语言错误。8分 基本切题。表达思想比较清楚，文字上连贯，但语言错误较多，其中有少量严重错误。5分 基本切题。表达思想不够清楚，文字连贯性差，有较严重的语言错误。2 分 条理不清，思想紊乱，语言支离破碎或大部分句子均有错误，且多数为严重错误。TEM 4 文体介绍描写（description）、记叙（narration）说明文(exposition)和议论文（argumentation）Note-writing1. 格式1.1 Date便条的日期应写在便条的右上角，高一行。 Do not use ordinals. Do not abbreviate or use figures for the month. October 23, 2007/ 23 October 20071.2 Salutation 对于不知道姓名的人称：Dear Sir or Madame; Dear President; 对于相识的人称：Dear Mr. Wallash; Dear Dr. Williams:/, (the surname)对于熟悉的亲友称：Dear Mama; My dear Tom (the first name) Plural form: Dear Messrs. Ryder and Walker:/, Dear Mses. Spring and Winde:/,1.3 BodyIndent the first line of each paragraph, leaving a space of two or four letters.1.4 Complementary Close谦语highly formal (used in diplomatic or ecclesiastic correspondence)Respectfully yours,Respectfully，polite, formal (used in general correspondence) Yours truly, Truly yours,less formal, friendly (used also in general correspondence) Yours sincerely, Sincerely yours, Sincerely, Cordially, informal, friendly Best regards,As ever, Best wishes, Regards, Yours, 2. 分类2.1 Invitation 邀请信是邀请某人进午餐、晚餐，参加宴会、茶话会、舞会，观看戏剧、电影及邀请参加学术活动、出席仪式、典礼等社交活动的信函。A 诚挚邀请对方参加某一活动；B 概括介绍活动的内容和安排；C 再次表示诚意。14Sample 1.1 October 23, 2007 Dear Mrs. Li,We should be very much pleased if you and Mr. Li would dine with us on Wednesday at 7 oclock. (诚挚邀请对方参加晚宴)It will be quite a small party, as we have only asked Mr. and Mrs. Anderson and Miss Chang Ling, all close friends of ours. (简单介绍晚宴的内容与参加者)We trust you will be disengaged and able to give us the pleasure of your company. (再次表示诚意) Truly Yours, Tom Sample1.2 October 23, 2007Dear Prof. Green,I was told by our mutual friend Mr. King that you would visit Beijing next month. May I take the opportunity to invite you to come to our college to give the students of our English department some lectures on “Modern American Literature”?Please let me know if you can come and tell me when you will be able to do so.With warm regards.Yours sincerely,Li XinhuaDear Tom, We are planning a dinner party to celebrate the thirtieth university of Professor Li Mings teaching at Luojia Hotel and we want you to come. It is this Saturday, October the twenty-third, at six oclock. We do hope you can make it, as we are looking forward with great pleasure to seeing you. Yours, Larry Dear Jane,We have four tickets for a famous film show at Guangming Cinema, The Longest Day, Friday, the ninth. Will you and Lin Ming join us? We will be looking for you at eight Friday night in front of the cinema, so do not disappoint us！Warmest regards. Alice Useful expressionsInformal: Why dont you come? How about coming? We would think it would be a good idea if Can you come? Wed really like you to(spend a few days with us).More formal or polite: Is there any chance of you/your coming? We were wondering if you could/wanted to comeFormal: we would like to invite you to We wondered if you would like to come2.2 Response to Invitations当收到邀请信后，应该复信明确表示是否接受邀请，并应对别人的邀请表示感谢。1. To accept i. Express your thanks for the invitation, offer, proposal or agreeing to do what was asked感谢； ii. Repeat the details of what you are going to accept, such as meeting date and time. 确切表示会赴邀。iii. Close your acceptance with an expression of pleasure to do表示接受的常用句型：We are delighted to accept It is with great pleasure We are sincerely happy to join you Your invitation to is very welcome. Your invitation towas a delightful/lovely surprise Thank you for I would be very pleased to come to I would be delighted to accept yourSample 2.1 October 23, 2007Dear Tom, Please accept our hearty thanks for your kind invitation to your home dinner on Saturday. Thank you for including us among the limited number of your guests. You may be sure we will join you on that day and we are looking forward to the pleasure of being with you. Yours sincerely, Li HongSample 2.2 October 23, 2007Dear Prof. Li,I accept with pleasure your kind invitation to come to your college and give some lectures on “Modern American Literature” to the students of your English Department.I shall arrive at Beijing on 27th October, and will stay at your college for two weeks, giving lectures three times a week.Looking forward to meeting you and your students and best wishes. Yours sincerely, Green2. To refuse A. 收到邀请； B. 表示感谢; C. 阐述不能赴邀的原因； D. 表示遗憾和良好的祝愿表示婉拒的常用句型：I am very sorry, but I have to say “no” I am very sorry, but I simply cannot make it I am very sorry, I cannot come I am terribly sorry to have to I am terribly sorry that I have made other plans.More formal: Thank you for you, but unfortunatelyI shall have to say no to your kind invitation Regretfully, Unfortunately, it will be impossible Because of, we find we cannot It is not possible for me to I am quite impossible for me to I am quite unable to I regret that I have a previous engagement. I have a prior commitment.Sample 2.3 October 23, 2007Dear Mr. Tom,We are appreciative of your so warmly including us among your selected guests for Saturday. Most unfortunately, however, we shall be unable to avail ourselves of your kind invitation on account of previous engagement for the same day. With best wishes for a jolly home diner. Yours sincerely, Li HongDear Alice,I think you had better ask some other couple for Friday. My husband is in Shanghai and will not be back for another week. Wait till he hears what a wonderful evening he missed with you and Frank. Thanks for asking us. And I am certainly sorry we cannot say “yes”! Yours, JaneDear Moulin,I have to cancel the meeting we set up for Saturday, October 26, at 3:00 p.m, as we have got a little trouble at the Valliscourt plant. I should be back on October 28 and will call you then to set up another appointment.Thanks for understanding. Yours, Jane2.3 Thanks感谢信是用来对馈赠礼物者或曾经得到某人的关怀、照顾表示感谢。对他人的慰问信、祝贺信也要表示感谢。在西方国家，当你在朋友或亲友处小住一段时间，离开后，也应给对方写一封短信表示感谢。由于感谢的对象、原因不同，感谢的内容不同，用语也不一样，应该选择适当的用语。 表示感谢的常用句型：I do not know how to express my gratitude for you I cannot tell you how much I owe you It was thoughtful (kind, generous) of you Thank you again for your generosity (hospitality, generous help)Sample 3.1 October 23, 2007Dear Professor Ross, Many thanks for the great favor you did me, and the kind interest you took in me. I am glad to inform you that by your invaluable recommendation, I have obtained the position I applied for. I shall exert my best efforts in performing my duties and try to be worthy of your assistance. My best regards. Yours sincerely, JimDear Sandy,When you left a package for me yesterday, I had difficulty waiting until my birthday to open it. I do not know how to thank you for such an attractive present. It is something that will give pleasure for a long time to come.Please accept my sincere thanks and best wishes. Susan Dear Miss Allen,Thank you very much for your kind letter of October 14, 2007, concerning our service.It is always gratifying to receive a complimentary letter like yours, which indicate that our efforts to serve you are appreciated. You may be sure that our department will receive appropriate recognition for a job well done. Thank you again for your courtesy. Cordially, Smith2.4 祝贺信在西方的社交生活中，当得知朋友订婚、结婚、生孩子、毕业、升职时，都要写信表示祝贺，如若知道朋友过生日，也应写上一封短信，表示祝贺。表示祝贺常用的句型：I am writing to express my heartiest congratulations on yourAccept my sincere congratulations from the bottom of my heart on yourI wish to congratulate you on your finishing high school and entering University.I am much delighted to hear/learn you have passed/won . As one of your friends, I am very proud of you.It is the kind of news I like to hear, because it proves once again a hard-working man always gets ahead. Let me offer warmest congratulations. I know you are going to be a great success inSample 4.1 October 23, 2007Dear David,I am very glad to hear the good news that you were recently appointed managing editor of New Times. I know it would be only a matter of time before your unusual abilities were recognized. I wish you the greatest possible success in the future.My heartiest congratulations! Yours sincerely, Jerry Sample 4.2 October 23, 2007Dear Tom,I just write to express my heartiest congratulations on your moving into your new house. It is really good news you have at last a house of your own designing, located on a scenic hillside. I can imagine how happy you and your family are. I do wish to call to see you and your new house one of these days.Best wishes to you and your family. Yours sincerely, JerryDear Kate,That is great news about you and Laura! She is a wonderful girl in every way, and I congratulate you and your good fortune. Best wishes from me on your engagement. I hope you will have nothing but joy and happiness in your life together. Simon2.5 慰问信 consolation当友人生病、受伤或遇到了不幸和不顺心的事时，特别需要别人的安慰和鼓励。因此，写慰问信是为了表达友谊、同情和鼓励，应写得真诚和关切，使对方受到安慰和鼓舞。表示慰问的常用句型：I am sorry to learn/hear youIt is really a pity that you failed inI felt surprised that youDont lose heart. With that you will be successful in the future.Sample 5.1 October 23, 2007Dear Joe,I am sorry to learn that you have not been successful in the examination. Although I am sending you my sympathy, I feel you ought not to be unduly distressed at the result. You are still eligible to sit again for the examination and I am confident that this time next year, I shall be sending a letter, not of sympathy, but of congratulation.My kindest regards and best wishes. Yours sincerely, SusanDear Mr. Yu,I was astonished when I learned that you had lost position. Please do not feel too much distressed for this frustration. A well-educated and competent young man like you cannot be laid off long, and I am sure you will soon get an even better position. Please let me know of any assistance I can render you. Yours sincerely, AdamsDear Jimmy,I am sorry to hear you are hospitalized due to a high fever. Are feeling better now? Dont worry and take it easy. I will come to see you as soon as I am free. I hope you will have a quick recovery and play badminton with me soon. Yours, Alice2.6 吊唁信Sample 6.1 October 23, 2007Dear Helen, We are shocked by the painful news of the passing away of your father. He was a fine old gentleman, well-loved and admired by all who knew him. I quite understand how you feel now, but you are in duty bound to look to your own health and take care of your family. These would be impossible if you indulge your feelings in grief.My family and I send our heartfelt sympathy. Yours sincerely, John Dear Mrs. Strala,It was a profound shock and sorrow that I learned of the death of your husband and I know that these feelings are shared by all who know him and worked with him during his years with this firm.Please accept the deepest sympathy of all your husbands former colleagues here, and of myself personally. Yours sincerely, Susan Dear Margaret,Today I heard you had lost your father. I know the sadness of it must have been a dreadful shock, and I just cannot tell you how sorry I am.I wish there were something I could do or say to soften your grief.With deepest sympathy to you and all your family. Affectionately, Jack 2.7 道歉信Sample 7.1 October 23, 2007Dear Henry,I apologize for not showing up at the meeting this afternoon. Although there is no excuse for such a thing, I will say that I was involved in an automobile accident on the way to work. Can we reschedule for this Friday, the same time? Thanks and again, I am sorry. Yours, Alice2.8 欢迎信Sample 8.1 October 23, 2007Dear Dr. and Mrs. Marshal,Welcome to Ellensburg! We are having a neighborhood barbecue dinner on Saturday at our place, and we would love to have you come. Most of the neighbors will be there, and we think you will enjoy meeting them. If you would like to bring something, a cold salad would be perfect. Yours sincerely, Susan Invitation card Mr. and Mrs. Herry KingRequest the pleasure ofMr. and Mrs. George Smithscompany at dinneron Tuesday, October the twenty-thirdat five oclock p.m.International HotelAccept an invitationMr. and Mrs. George SmithAccept with pleasureMr. and Mrs. Herry Kings kind invitationfor dinneron Tuesday, October the twenty-thirdat five oclock p.m.International HotelDecline an invitationMr. and Mrs. George Smithregret that a previous engagementprevents their acceptance ofMr. and Mrs. Herry Kings kind invitationto dinneron Tuesday, October the twenty-thirdat five oclock p.m.International HotelAnnouncement about a lectureEnglish Teaching and Research SectionNOTICEUnder the auspices of the Teaching Affairs SectionA talk will be given onENGLISH INTONATIONbyProf. Wang Ping of Foreign Affairs CollegeIn the First Meeting RoomOn Thursday, Oct. 25, 2007, at 2:00 p.m.All English teachers are requested to be there on timeOct. 23, 20071995年Before you leave university you want to sell your bike. Write a note of about 50-60 words describing the condition of your bike, how much you would like for it, and where you can be contacted. July 3, 1994Dear fellow students,I will graduate from this university in two weeks. Before I leave this universit