英语词法--(一) 动词 Microsoft Word 文档 (2).doc

英语词法 （一） 动词一、动词的分类：（一）系动词1.be动词：is am are 及过去式was were 义：是；在；有岁；有（路程）。如：Lucy is our good friend. Now he is in Beijing. We are both 17 years old. It is 20 kilometers from my home to school.2.半系动词：look、 sound、 smell 、taste 、feel 、keep stay 、seem、 看上去、听起来、闻起来、尝起来、感觉 、保持、 似乎getbecometurn 变为；成为系动词be在句中用法特点：1.可独立作谓语。. 2.其后不能接行为动词的原形，如要接，则须用行为动词的-ing形式等。如: 1)He is_ the guitar. A. play B. plays C. playing 2)They are_ to school. A. walk B. walks C. walking半系动词在句中用法特点：其后须加形容词，构成系表结构，用来说明主语的性质、特征等情况。如：1)That sounds_. A. well B. good C. pen2)The girl looks_. A. happiness B. happy C. happily3)The leaves on trees turn_in fall(秋天). A. green B. orange C. yellow（二）情态动词：can may 及过去式 will shall及过去式could might would should情态动词在句中用法特点：1.在句中不能独立作谓语，其后须加be或行为动词的原形。 2.跟情态动词之后的其它动词须用原形。 3. must无形式变化，永远用原形。其它情态动词也只有原形和过去式。如：1) The student_well in the river. A. can B. swim C. can swim2) Will his aunt_Nanning tomorrow? A. leave B. leaves C. leaving3) She_finish her homework last night. A. to must B. will must C. must 4) The Greens_visit the zoo without tickets last Sunday. A.may B. might C. can 5)_you like some bananas? A. will B. Can C. would（三）助动词：do does及过去式 did.助动词在句中用法特点：1.帮助谓动词（行为动词充当）一起构成否定句或疑问句。2.也可用来代替上文发生的动作。 如：1) She likes apples.(变为否定句) She_ _ apples.2) Li hua eats eggs and milk for breakfast. (变为一般疑问句) _ Li hua_eggs or milk for breakfast?3) Lindar went to school at 6:30 this morning,_she? 4) My friend played basketball yesterday and he did it today.（四）行为动词（又称实义动词）：除以上三种之外的动词: have、 like 、play 、take、 bring行为动词在句中用法特点：可独立作谓语。如：He has a baseball. They take the theaf to the post office. Li Jun gets up at 6:00 in the morning. 行为动词分类：1）及物动词(vt.):have、 meet、 like、wacth 、buy 、sell等。及物动词用法特点：该动词意思不完整，其后必须接名词、代词等宾语。如：Lucy and Lily both like fruit and drink. They all wacth TV every day.既是及物动词又是不及物动词：eat 吃饭；吃 sing 唱歌；唱 如：The running star eats well. The running star eats chiken and beef for dinner. 2）不及物动词(vi.):look、listen 、live 、arrive 、run、go、come、think 、dance 、swim 、talk、 wait 、stay、agree 、walk 、worry、 depend 、laugh、 care 3）不及物动词用法特点：该动词意思已完整，其后不接名词、代词等宾语，接宾语，须借助介词（on、in、of、about、at、with 、without等），构成以下结构：look at/for/after/out of、 listen to、live in、arrive at/in、wait for、think of/about、talk to/with/about、go to、stay at/in、agree with 、worry about 、depend on 、laugh at 、care for/about等。如：Can I look _your photo? (看) A. / B. at C. forI am listening _music. A. / B. at C. toLets go _school. A. / B. at C. to4）使役动词:make(使、让) let（让） 使役动词用法特点：跟在其后的其它动词用原形。如： make sb. do sth. let sb. do sth.5）感官动词：see、 hear 、look at、 watch、 listen to、 feel、 notice感官动词用法：跟在感官动词之后的动词只能用原形或ing两种形式。如：When he looked up,he saw a plane_over his head in the sky.(强调 )A. fly B. flying C. fliesI often see Tim_basketball on the playground every day.(强调 ) A. play B. playing C. plays动词的复数:是它本身即原形（除are 、were之外）动词的单数：其后加s或es动词的过去式：其后加ed动词的-ing形式: 其后加ing动词不定式: to+动词原形动词的过去分词：其后加ed动词复数变单数的规则变化：1）+s。 2)以s,x,ch,sh,o结尾的，+es。 3)以辅音字母+y结尾的,改y为i，再+es。动词复数变单数的不规则变化：areis/am 、werewas 、havehas动词的用法：1.在句中作谓语。 2.跟在情态动词或助动词do/does/did之后须用原形；跟在介词（onin、of、about、at、with 、without等）之后须用动词的-ing形式。3.在主动语态的句子中，跟在使役动词（make、 let）之后的另一动词用原形。如：1）Can Jack _volleyball well? A. play B. plays C. playing2）Does your classmate Ann _her homework? A. do B. does C. doing3）My sister doesnt _bread or eggs for lunch. A. eat B. eats C. eating4）He looks out o