提高篇上册定语从句.doc

提高篇 上册（1）1 直接引语 & 间接引语 2 定语 与定语从句弗兰克英语（ Frank English） 直接引语 & 间接引语 Unit Basic Grammar: Direct Speech & Indirect Speech （概念篇）引述别人的话时，一般采用两种方式：直接引语&间接引语1. 直接引语：引用别人的原话，把它放在引号内，称为直接引语;如：周瑜长叹一声，说：“诸葛亮神机妙算，我真不如他。” 2. 间接引语：用自己的话加以转述，被转述的话不放在引号内，称为间接引语。如：周瑜长叹一声，说诸葛亮神机妙算，他真不如诸葛亮。且让我慢慢道来 既生瑜何生亮？ 周大哥没肚量！间接引语在大多数情况下是一个宾语从句。直接引语变成间接引语时，要注意以下几点：动词“说”，人称、连词，时态和语序，还有些地点副词，时间副词以及部分动词等。（一）.用什么动词“说”话： 1. 陈述句用：told 或said(一般语气) He said to me, “I will help you as soon as possible.” He told me that he would help me as soon as possible. 2. 疑问句用：asked(委婉语气) He said to me, “ Do you speak English?” He asked me if/ whether I spoke English. 3. 祈使句用：asked，told， warn, advise或 ordered(命令语气) He said to Mike , “ Dont smoke here.” He asked / told / warmed Mike not to smoke there. 注意：直接引语如果是以“Lets”开头的祈使句，变为间接引语时，通常用“suggest +动句词（或从句）。”如： He said, Lets go to the film. He suggested going to the film.或He suggested that they should go to see the film. 边学边练: 选用正确的动词“说”填空1. Dont make any noise, she said to the children. She _ the children not to make any noise.2. Bring me a cup of tea, please, said she . She _ him to bring her a cup of tea. 3. John said, Im going to London with my father. John _ that he was going to London with his father. 4. He said to her , “ Xiao Li will go to see you this afternoon.” He _her that Xiao Li would go to see her that afternoon.5. Our teacher said , “ The sun is bigger than the earth . ” Our teacher _ that the sun is bigger than the earth.6. She said to me , “ Will you go there with me ? ” She _ me if/ whether I would go there her.( 1. told (ordered) ,2. asked, 3. said 4. told 5. said 6. asked )（二）.用什么词“连接”和“语序“ ： （陈述语序）情况间接引语 变 接引语1. 陈述句用：thatShe said, Our bus will arrive in five minutes. She said that their bus would arrive in five minutes.2. 一般疑问句用：if 或 whetherHe asked me, “Do you like watching TV?” He asked me if / whether I liked watching TV.3. 特殊疑问句用：特殊疑问词He asked: “Where are you to get off, John?” He asked John where he was to get off.4. 祈使句用：to 或not toHe said, “Please come here again tomorrow.” He asked me to go there again the next day. 边学边练: 用正确的连词和语序填空1. She said, “I am very happy to be with you.” She said _ very happy to be with me.2. He said, “I will choose a book for my students.” He said_ choose a book for his students.3. He asked, “Are you sure your mother will come?” He asked me _ sure my mother would come.4. He said, Can you swim, John? He asked John _ swim. 5. You have finished the homework, havent you? my mother asked. My mother asked me _ finished the homework. 6. He asked: “Where are you to get off, John?” He asked John _ to get off.7. Tom asked me, “Who is the boy over there?” Tom asked me_ the boy over there.8. “Be careful with the dog.” He warned me. He warned me _ be careful with the dog.9. “ Dont talk loudly in class,” our teacher said to the boy. Our teacher asked the boy_ talk loudly in class.10. “Please tell me about your book,” Susan said to Jack. Susan asked her friend _ tell her about Jacks book.( 1. that she was 2. that he would 3. if / whether I was 4. if / whether he could 5. if / whether I had 6. where he was 7. who was 8. to 9. not to 10. to )弗兰克英语（ Frank English） 直接引语 & 间接引语 Unit Sixteen 13（三）.用什么人称代词“称呼”弗兰克.陈东老师顺口溜-：“一随言，二随听，第三人称不更新” 或 “ 一言二听三不变“情况 例句1. 一随言：第一人称要改成说话者的人称代词Shesaid:Iamveryhappytohelpyou. 直接引语是第一人称 “I” Shesaidthatshewasveryhappytohelpyou. 就是指发言的人“she“要”随言“2. 二随听：第二人称就要改成听话者的人称代词。Heaskedme:DoyoucomefromChina 直接引语是第二人称 “you” Heaskedmeif/whetherIcamefromChina. 就是指听话的人“me”要 “随听”3. 第三人称不更新：第三人称就不要变人称代词。She asked me, When do they have their dinner? 直接引语是第三人称 “they” She asked me when they had their dinner. 不指 “言”，不指 “听”，所以“不更新”边学边练: 请用正确的人称代词填空1. Mr Smith said. Jack is a good worker. Mr Smith said_ was a good worker.2. Bring me a cup of tea, please, she said to him She asked him to bring _ a cup of tea. 3. She said. I have lost a pen. She said _ had lost a pen 4. She said. We hope so. She said _ hoped so. 5. She said. He will go to see his friend. She said _ would go to see his friend.6. Theyasked uswhereareyoufrom? Theyaskedwhere_werefrom. ( 1. Jack 2. her 3. she 4. they 5. he 6. we )（四）.用什么时态：要相应变时态，简称“变态”间接引语间接引语 例句一般现在时一般过去时She said. We hope so. She said they hoped so.一般将来时过去将来时She said. He will go to see his friend. She said he would go to see his friend.现在完成时过去完成时She said. I have lost a pen. She said she had lost a pen现在进行时过去进行时Betty said, “Lingling is singing in the classroom now.” Betty said Lingling was singing in the class room then.过去完成时过去完成时My mother said, “I had already cleaned the house by then.” My mother said she had already cleaned the house by then客观真理一般现在时They told their son, “The earth goes round the sun.” They told their son that the earth goes round the sun. 边学边练: 请用正确的时态, 人称代词 , 连词和语序,填空1. Light travels faster than sound,” the teacher told us. The teacher told us light _ faster than sound. 2. Jack said. John, where were you going when I met you in the street? Jack asked John_ _ when he met him in the street. 3. James said. I was born on April 2l, 1980. James said _ on April 20, 1980. 4. Peter said. I am having my breakfast . Peter said_ breakfast. 5. She said to me , “ Will you go there with me ? ” She asked me_ go there with_.6. They asked the teacher , “ Shall we have an English exam ? ” They asked the teacher_ _ an English exam.7. The teacher said , “ Can they speak English ? ” The teacher asked _English.8. Mr. Smith said, “ I have written a book by now.” Mr. Smith said _.( 1. that light travels faster . 2. where he was going3that he was born 4. he was having 5. if/ whether I would, her. 6. if/ whether they would have 7. if/ whether they could speak 8. that he had written a book by then. )（五）.其它：直接引语变间接引语时， 指示代词、时间状语、地点状语、动词等要作相应的变化。间接引语间接引语间接引语间接引语时间副词nowtodayyesterdaylast yearagotomorrownext weekthenthat daythe day before, the year beforebeforethe next daythe next week指示代词this thesethat, those地点副词herethere部分动词comego1. He said, “I havent seen them today.” He said _.2. He told me , “ these teacher will come here tomorrow . ” He told me_3. He said to her , “ Xiao Li will go and see you this afternoon . ” He _4. “ We are studying English now , ” they said . They said _5. My sister said to me , “ Im leaving for Hong Kong next month. ” My sister _6. She asked , “Did you watch TV yesterday?” She asked _(1. He said that he hadnt seen them that day. 2. He told me that those teachers would go there the next day. 3. He told her that Xiao Li would go and see her that afternoon.4. They said that they were studying English then. 5. My sister told me that she was leaving for Hong Kong the next month. 6. She asked if / whether I watched TV the day before.弗兰克英语（ Frank English） 直接引语 & 间接引语 Unit Sixteen 14（由浅入深魔鬼训练）I. 将下列句子改为间接引语1. The teacher said to his class, Dont waste your time! _2. His father said to him, Think, before you do it! _3. The leader said to him, Please write your report as short as possible. _4. He said, I am proud of my motherland. _5. John said, I wrote back telling him about it yesterday. _6. You are wasting your time day-dreaming! he said to Mary. _7. You have already done your duty, he said to her. _8. Mary wrote in her letter, Mr. Liu, when will you come to America? _9. Ill be very busy today, said the man. _10. She said, We have worked on the school farm for two weeks. _11. He said, Im reviewing my lessons. _12. They said, We arrived this morning. _13. Betty asked Mary, Are you having your lunch now? _14. Did you go to the meeting yesterday? she asked me. _15. The man asked me, How many times have you been here? _1. The teacher told his class not to waste their time. 6. He said to Mary that she was wasting her time day-dreaming. 11. He said that he was reviewing his lessons.2. His father told him to think before he did it. 7. He said to her that she had already done her duty. 12. They said that they had arrived that morning.3. The leader told him to write his report as short as possible. 8. Mary wrote a letter to Mr Liu and asked him when he would go to America. 13. Betty asked Mary whether she was having her lunch then.4. He said that he was proud of his motherland. 9. The man said that he would be very busy that day. 14. She asked me if I had gone to the meeting the day before.5. John said that he had written back telling him about it the day before. 10. She said that they had worked on the school farm for two weeks. 15. The man asked me how many times I had been there.II. 单项选择 1. He asked _ for the computer. A did I pay how much B. I paid how much C. how much did I pay D. how much I paid 2. “Have you seen the film?” he asked me. He asked me _ . A. had I seen the film B. have I seen the film C. if I have seen the film D. whether I had seen the film 3. “Please close the window,” he said to me. He _ me _ the window. A. said to; to close B. told to; closing C. asked ; to close D. said to; please close 4. “I am a teacher,” Jack said. He said _. A. that I am a teacher B. I was a teacher C. that he is a teacher D. he was a teacher 5. He said, “Mother, the boy is very naughty.” He _- very naughty. A. said his mother that the boy was B. said to his mother that the boy is C. told his mother that the boy was D. spoke to his mother that the boy was 6. “Youve already got well, havent you?” she asked. She asked _. A. if I have already got well, hadnt you B. whether I had already got well C. have I already got well D. had I already got well. 7. He asked , “ Are you a Party member or a League member?” He asked me _. A. am I a Party member or a League member B. was I a Party member or a League member C. if I was a Party member or a League member D. whether was I a Party member or a League member. 8. He asked, “How are you getting along?” He asked _. A. how am I getting along B. how are you getting along C. how I was getting along D. how was I getting along 9. He asked me _ with me. A. what the matter is B. what the mater was C. whats the matter D. what was the matter 10. He said, “Dont do that again.” He _ me _ that again. A. said to me; not to do B. said to me; dont do C. told me; dont do D. told me; not to do 答案与简析： 1. D 宾语从句要用陈述句语序。 2. D 一般疑问句要变成whether或if引导的宾语从句. 3. C 直接引语为祈使句, 变间接引语时, 主句中的谓语动词往往根据直接引语的口气换用ask (请求), tell (告诉), order (命令), invite (邀请), warn (警告), advise (建议)等, 而直接引语中的谓语动词要变成动词不等式。即ask/tell/order/invite/warn/advise sb. (not) to do sth. 4. D直接引语为陈述句, 变间接引语时用that引导(口语中常省略)。 5. C 6. B反意疑问句要变成whether或if引导的宾语从句。7. C 选择疑问句要变成whether或if引导的宾语从句。8. C直接引语为特殊疑问句, 变间接引语时, 用特殊疑问词引导, 并将疑问句语序变为陈述句语序。9. D注意时态的一致。What作主语，the matter（=wrong）作表语。10. D直接引语为祈使句, 变间接引语时, 主句中的谓语动词往往根据直接引语的口气换用。弗兰克英语（ Frank English） 直接引语 & 间接引语 Unit Sixteen 15III. 将所给直接引语变为间接引语，每空一词：1. “I never eat meat.” he said. He said that _ never _ meat.2. “Ive found my wallet.” he said to me. He _ me that he _ _ _ wallet.3. “I took it home with me.” she said. She said that _ _ _ it home with her.4. “I met her yesterday.” he said to me. He _ me that he _ met the day _.5. “You must come here before five.” he said. He said that I _ to go _ before five.6. “I bought the house 10 years ago.” he said. He said that he _ bought the house 10 years _.7. “Did you see her last week?” he said. He _ _ I had seen her the week _.8. He said, “You can sit here, Jim.” He _ Jim that he _ sit there9. He asked, “How did you find it, mother?” He asked her mother _ _ _ found it.10. “Where have you been these days?” he asked. He asked me _ _ _been _ days. 11. “Do you know where she lives?” he asked. He asked _ _ knew where she _.12. “Stop making so much noise, children.” he said. He _ the children _ _ making so much noise.13. “Dont tell him the news.” she said. She told me _ _ _ him the news. 14. “Are you interested in this?” he said. He _ _ I was interested in _.15. The teacher said, “The sun rises in the east and goes down in the west.”The teacher said that the sun _ in the east and _ down in the west.1. he, ate 2. told, had, found, his 3. she, had, taken 4. told, had, before 5. had, there 6. had, before 7. asked, if whether, before 8. told, could 9. how, she, had 10. where, I, had, those 11. if whether, I, lived 12. told, to, stop 13. not, to, tell 14. asked, if whether, that 15. rise, goes 、你习惯了把直接引语变成间接引语，没试过把间接引语变成直接引语吧？ 1. The driver said that he hadnt seen the signal, so he hadnt stopped. _2. My brother told me that he was surely to be able to master English. _3. His father told Mike that he ought to work even harder. _4. He told his assistants that he would not give up the experiment. _5. I warned the children not to go swimming in the lake. _6. Della asked Jim to give it to her quickly. _7. He said that he could hardly support his family. _8. You said that you had woven the cloth by then. _9. Mary said just now that she would come again tomorrow. _10. The woman asked him why he had to sleep in the open air. _11. The headmaster suggested that the students should go skating. _12. He told me to go on with my work. _13. He asked me whethe