(高一)4次期末冲刺课程--语法填空和句子考查.doc

星火教育辅导教案英语授课老师 学科 英 语 年级 高 一课时 2小时教学课题 单句语法填空与句子考查 教学目标1. 熟悉必修1和必修2的重点语法2. 掌握必修1和必修2期末考试的单句语法填空和句子考查的重点知识3.熟练语法填空和句子考查的题型教学重点和难点 熟练掌握必修1和必修2的重点知识和语法教学过程Step One 命题规律*语法回顾1. 直接引语与间接引语 (必修一Unit 1 & Unit 2) 2. 现在进行时表示将来时 (必修一Unit 3)3. 定语从句 (必修一Unit 4 & Unit 5 & 必修二Unit1 & Unit 5)4. 被动语态 (必修二Unit 2 & Unit 3 & Unit 4) 高一期末考试中，单句语法填空和句子考查这两道大题最能体现本学期课本所学过的知识，主要考查的语法是必修1和必修2中的直接引语与间接引语，现在进行时表示将来时，定语从句以及被动语态这四大语法。因此我们要牢牢掌握这些语法，能熟练运用，轻松做题。【小试牛刀-语法常识检测】一）单句语法填空。1. Ladies and gentlemen, please fasten your seat belts. The plane (take) off.2. The girl father is our English teacher is called Alice.3. Ever since middle school,more than 3000 English words _(learn) by Li Ming.4. This is the most interesting film I have ever seen.5. She was married to a man was poor but honest.6. This is the mobile phone I have been using for ten years.7. Our flight to Haikou (leave) in 30 minutes, so we have to hurry up.8. We are looking for someone _ is reliable and hard-working for this position.9. Were reached a stage _we have to answer violence with violence.10. This is the reason _ he was late for school.11. Ill never forget the days _we stayed in the small village.12. He is telling us a story of Lei Feng, _whom everyone is proud.13. The 2010 Asian Games, were held in Guangzhou, attracted athletes from many Asian countries.14. After working as a doctor for 10 years, I went back to the university _ I studied medicine.15. He is the man whom you can turn for help.16. Ladies and gentlemen, please pay attention. Our plane (take) off in 5 minutes.17. The scientist lives in a flat, window faces south.18. We _（tell）that our rooms hadnt been reserved for that week, but for the week after.19. Its said that a new hospital _(build) in his hometown next month.20. The school _(build) now.2） 句子考查。1.The boy bought a bicycle. The bicycle cost him 500 yuan. (用定语从句合并成一个句子) _2. Mr Black said, “Im busy” (改为间接引语) _ 3.Fisher said to his son, “when did you get home last night”(改写) =Fisher his son when the night before.4.The student is my good friend. His mother is a famous lawyer.(合并成定语从句) =The student is a famous lawyer a good friend of mine.5.The song “Little Apple” made Chopstick Brothers more popular.（强调划线部分） = Step Two重点单词person n.人 personal adj.私人的，各自的personally adv.本人hope v./n.希望 hopeful adj.充满希望的(反）hopeless adj.绝望的hopefully adv.充满希望地recover v.康复，恢复recovery n.康复，恢复peace n.平静，和平peaceful adj.平静的，和平的peacefully adv.安静地entire adj.整个的，完全的 entirely adv.整个，完全determine v.下决心determined adj.坚定的，有决心的determination n.决心loneliness n.孤独，寂寞lonely adj.孤独的，寂寞的fair adj.公平的fairly adv.相当，十分（反）unfair adj.不公平的，不公正的frighten v.使恐惧 frightened adj.感到害怕的 frightening adj.令人恐惧的，令人害怕的devote v.贡献devotion n.devoted adj.忠实的，忠心的guide v.指导 guidance n.指导use v./n使用.useful adj.有用的（反）useless adj.没用的extreme adj.极其的extremely adv.极其rich adj.丰富的，富裕的enrich v.丰富value n. 价值valuable adj. 贵重的; 很有价值的valueless adj. 无价值的;survive v. 继续生存或存在survival n. 存活; 幸存survivor n. 幸存者decorate v. 装饰decoration n. 装饰; 装潢decorative adj. 装饰的; 作装饰用的advertise vt. 做广告; 登广告advertisement n. 广告advertising n. 做广告 (作定语)replace v. 代替, 取代replacement n. 代替, 取代replaceable adj. 可代替的;interview v. n.面试, 面谈; 采访interviewee （面试中）受审核者; 被接见者; 被采访者interviewer主持面试者; 接见者; 采访者explore vt. & vi. 勘探; 探测; 探险exploration n. 勘探; 探测; 探险exploratory adj. 勘探的; 探测的; 探索的universe n. 宇宙; 世界universal adj. 全体的; 共同的;普遍的；宇宙的appear v. 出现; 显现; 呈现appearance n. 出现; 显现; 呈现外表; 外貌; 外观power n. 能力powerful adj. 强有力的; 力量大的powerfully adv. 强有力地; 力量大地appreciate v. 理解并欣赏; 赏识; 高度评价appreciation n. 欣赏; 感激appreciative adj. 有欣赏力的; 表示赏识的; 感激的succeed v. 成功; 做成; 达到目的success n. 成功; 成就; 成名; 发财; 胜利; 达到目的successful adj. 获得成功的; 取得成效的; 达到目的的perform v. 执行, 履行; 表演performance n. 执行, 履行; 表演; 表现, 行为, 成就performer n. 表演者; 演出者attract v. 吸引; 引起; 激起attraction n. 吸引; 引起; 激起attractive adj. 吸引的devote vt. 付出（时间 精力等）;奉献; 献身于某事物devotion n. 付出（时间 精力等）;奉献; 献身devoted adj.热爱的; 非常忠实的; 全心全意的【小试牛刀-重点单词检测】1. We live but once in the world, so we must live a true and _(value) life.2. _(personal) speaking, we should be cautious when making friends online.3. Most students are making good progress, but John seems a _(hope) one.4. I couldnt agree more than this film is well worth _(see) many times.5. She made a quick (recover) from the loss of so many belongings, which made his relatives in relief.6. By the 1600s Shakespeare was able to make use of a (wide) vocabulary than ever before.7. The two countries solved the problem in a (peace) way.8. Although Tim and Mike come from (entire) different backgrounds, they became close friends.9. Helen was a _(determine) little girl who always tries her best to get what she wants.10. _(lonely) has become a “hidden killer” of elderly people in the countryside.11. I think it is _(fair) to punish him since he has done nothing wrong.12. It was a _(frighten) night when the earthquake shook Tang Shan.13. She described her husband as a good man and a _(devote) husband.14. Under our teachers _(guide),we finished the work smoothly.15. Mobile phones play a (an) (use) part in our daily life.16. He has a big family to support, so he is (extreme) happy to have found a good job.17. We are (hope) that we can find a good job.18. They (final) finished their task on time.19. I am living in school, and mother is (concern) about me.20. These new settlers _(rich) the English language and especially enlarged its vocabulary.Step Three重点短语be concerned about 关心，挂念on purpose 故意make use of 利用；使用because of 因为；由于change ones mind 改变主意make up ones mind 下定决心as usual 通常；照常at an end 结束in ruins 成为废墟as a matter of fact 事实上lose heart 丧失信心be sentenced to 被判处(徒刑) come up走近；上来；提出such as例如；像这种的play a part (in) 扮演一个角色；参与because of 因为；由于care about 关心，在乎go through 经历；经受give in 屈服，让步，投降；上交right away 立刻，马上instead of 代替，而不tens of thousands of 数以万计的be in prison 在狱中，被监禁out of work 失业,出问题lose heart 丧失勇气或信心in return 回报,作为报酬rather than不是别的，而是think highly of 看重；高度评价take part in参与；参加stand for stand for 代表；象征；表示used to过去常做某事one after another one after another/the other 一个接一个地in common 共同的；共有的；共用的in a/one way 在某种程度上, 从某种意义上说watch over 看守; 监视; 照看make up化妆；化装；捏造，虚构（故事，诗等）pay attention to 注意die out（指物种）死光；灭绝, 火慢慢熄灭come into being形成；产生（不可用于被动语态或进行时态）dream of梦想break up分裂；解体；打碎；结束sort out 分类【小试牛刀-重点短语检测】1. Ever since I was at school, I good care (被照顾) by my desk-mate.2. The educator （致力于教学）so he didnt get married until forty.3. I must warn you that my patience is almost at _ end.4. It seemed as if the world _ _ _ _(到末日了) when he learned that all his savings were gone.5. The whole city_ _ _(破败不堪) after the earthquake.6. Use a pencil so you can erase it if you _ _ _(改变主意).7. Who will you _ _(求助) when you are _ _?(遇到)8. The guests_ _ _(表达了他们的谢意)before they left.9. Robert_ _ _(被判处) three years in prison for stealing and released a month ago.10. As long as you try your best to _ _ _ _(相处好) others, you are sure to make a lot of friends.11. Lets_ _ _(利用) the change to practice our spoken English.12. Everybody can see that the naughty boy has made a mistake purpose.13. He is working as an engineer in a large computer company _ _ (目前，现在)14. He didnt go to school _ _(由于) his illness.15. 请不要灰心，你还有机会。Please dont _ _; you still have chances.16. 事实上，获得诺贝尔奖的这位科学家是位美籍华人。_ _ _ _ _, the scientist who won the Nobel Prize is a Chinese-American.Step Four重点句型1.While walking the dog, you were careless and it got loose and was hit by a car. 你在遛狗的时候不小心让狗松脱了，接着它被一辆小车撞着了。【解析】While walking the dogWhile you were walking the dog，这是状语从句省略。 在when, while, if, as if, though, as, where, unless等连词(词组)引导的状语从句中，如果谓语动词有be，而主语又跟主句的主语相同或为it时，则从句的主语和be常常省略。【典例】 When (I was) in Japan, I took many beautiful pictures. 在日本时，我拍了许多漂亮的照片。While (I was) waiting, I read newspapers. 我边等待，边看报纸。【小试牛刀】 1）When first _(introduce) to the market, these products enjoyed great success. 2）While _(reach) the book on the top shelf, you need to be very careful. 3）Generally speaking,when _ (take)according to the directions, the drug has no side effect. 4）The research is so designed that once _(begin) nothing can be done to change it. 5）Unless (invite), he will not attend the party. 6）While (walk) the dog, he was careless and had the dog hit by a car. 7）After (settle) in the new city, he started a law firm with his friends. 8）After_(graduate) from the university, he packed up his suitcase and made a journey to Brazil.2.it was the first time in a year and a half that Id seen the night face to face. 这是我一年半以来第一次观察夜晚【解析】 It is/was the first time(that).这是一个固定句式，it可换成this或that; first可换成second, third等，以表达不同的意义。【典例】This is the fourth time shes rung you in a week. 这是她一周内第四次给你打电话。It was the second time that he had been out with her alone.这是他第二次单独跟她外出。【小试牛刀】1)Have you ever been here before? No. This is the first time that I _ (come)to the Great Wall.2) It was the third time that I _ (attend) this kind of lecture.3) It is the first time that they (go) through so much hardship.4) It was the fourth time that Tom (fail) in the maths exams.3.Mother asked her if/whether she was very hot with so many clothes on. 妈妈问她穿这么多衣服是不是很热。【典例】He lay on his back, with his eyes looking up into the sky. 他躺着，眼瞅着天空。With his homework done, he went out to play.完成作业，他就出去玩了。【解析】 with复合结构：1.) with + 宾语 + 动词ing With summer coming, the weather is becoming hotter and hotter.2.) with + 宾语 + 动词doneWith the work done, she felt greatly relieved. 3.)with + 宾语 + 不定式to doWith her to go with us, were sure to have a pleasant journey. 4.) with + 宾语 + 形容词/副词 The square looks more beautiful with all the lights on (= while all the lights are on). 5.) with + 宾语 + 介词短语The teacher came in with a book in his hand. 【小试牛刀】(1) Come on, please give me some ideas about the project. Sorry. With so much work _(fill) my mind, I almost break down.(2) John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work _(finish), he gladly accepted it.(3) Jane received a letter with a beautiful stamp _(attach) on the envelop.(4)_（有这么多的作业要做），I dont know if Ill have time to go out.（使用介词with）(5)It is difficult to imagine how the adults could remain comfortable .（穿这么多衣服）with复合结构4. I wonder if its because I havent been able to be outdoors for so long that Ive grown so crazy about everything to do with nature. (Page 2)【典例】 It is the ability to do the job that matters, not where you come from or what you are. 关键是你的工作能力而不是你从哪来或你是谁。 It was Michael that/who I gave this ticket to. 我把这张票给了麦克。【解析】强调句型”It is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who + 其余部分”。被强调部分可以是原句的主语、宾语、状语、从句。注意：当强调部分是人时，可以把that改成who。【特殊例子】 It is not until + 被强调部分 + that . 该句型也是强调句型。主要用于强凋时间状语，译成汉语”直到.才.”，可以说是 not . until . 的强调形式。 It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star. = Not until she took off her dark glasses did I realize she was a famous film star. = I didnt realize she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasses. 【小试牛刀】 1)It was not until 1920 _ regular radio broadcasts began. 2) It was the boy _ had been in prison _ stole the money. 3)It was when she was about to go to bed _ the telephone rang. 4)It was last Sunday _I gave some old books to the boy in the neighborhood. 5)It is in the farmyard I caught sight of the amber room. 6）They finished the work at 12 oclock (用It is /was that.句型强调划线部分) _ 5.When I told her the air would be hard to breathe and it would be very cold, she said it would be an interesting experience.当我告诉她那里空气稀薄，呼吸困难而且天气很冷时，她却说这将是一次有趣的经历。【解析】*beadj.to do在“主语系动词形容词不定式”结构中, 用主动形式表被动意义；如果不定式的动词是不及物的，要在不定式后边加介词。用于这种句式中的形容词常为：easy, difficult, heavy, hard, nice, bitter, dangerous, interesting, important, comfortable, pleasant, impossible 等。【典例】The question is easy to answer.这问题容易回答。That book is difficult to understand.那本书难懂。【小试牛刀】1)I like getting up very early in summer. The morning air is so good _.(breathe)2)They found the lecture hard _(understand) and they all felt sleepy.6. insist一词的用法 【用法一】insist on sth/doing sth 坚持要求，坚持要 e.g. We insisted on his apology. 我们要他赔礼道歉。 She insisted on seeing us home. 她坚持要送我们回家。【用法二】insist that + 从句（should + 动原） 坚持某人做某事；坚持做某事 The young men insisted that they (should) be sent to the front. 那些年轻人坚持要求被派往前线去。 They insisted that he （should）be present at the ceremony. 他们坚决要求他出席这次典礼。【用法三】insist that +从句（用相应的时态） 坚持某种观点，想法，意见 He insisted that he was innocent. 他坚持说自己是无辜的。 【小试牛刀】1)Seeing that he was so seriously ill, I insisted that he _(send) to hospital at once.2)She insisted on_(take) to Miami for her summer vacation though it would cost much money.3)Jack insisted that he _ (devote) himself to medicine instead of law.4)The president made a suggestion that all factories (remove) from the area.5)Our headteacher requested that we (pack) up all the things before 7:00.6)She insisted that she _(组织) the trip.7.only then did we decide to answer violence with violence. 只有到那时我们才决定用暴力反抗暴力。【解析】only 位于句首，修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句时，起强调作用，句子要采用部分倒装的语序；修饰状语从句时，只有主句采用部分倒装的语序。倒装的原则：把原句中的情态动词、系动词或助动词提到主语前面。 【典例】Only at that time did he realize that he had made a mistake.（only+介词短语） 直到那时他才意识到自己犯的错误。 Only if I get a job will I have enough money to go to college.（only+状语从句） 我只有找到了工作才有足够的钱上大学。 Only then did we decide to answer violence with violence. （only+时间副词） 只是在那时我们才决定以暴力对暴力。【小试牛刀】 1)Her mother told her the truth only yesterday.（改写） Only yesterday _. 2)He realized that he was wrong only when the teacher told him the answer.（倒装句） 8.Later，Catherinehad the Amber Room moved to a palace outside St Peters-burg where she spent her summers 后来，捷琳娜二世派人把琥珀屋搬到了圣彼得堡郊外她避暑的宫殿中。【解析】1)此句是一个含有关系副词引导的定语从句的主从复合句。主句中的谓语had the Amber Room moved是have sthdone结构，该结构中done是过去分词作补语，意为“使某事被做”“让别人做某事”，而不是主语自己做。2)where she spent her summers为定语从句，修饰先行词St Petersburg，关系副词where在从句中作地点状语。 【典例】I had my hair cut yesterday昨天我理发了。This is the place where 1 was born这是我的出生地。【小试牛刀】1） Did you （让人修你的电脑）yesterday?2）David （刚剪了头发）, which makes him look quite different.3）This is the village _ we stayed for 6 days.4）He will never forget his birthday. He received many presents on his birthday. （改成定语从句） _5)This is our school. Many scientists study in our school. （改成定语从句） _9.Anyhow, my goal is to provide humans with a life of high quality.无论如何，我的目标是为人类提供高质量的生活。【解析】of high quality在句中做定语，属于ofn.结构。这一结构相当于形容词。 ofn.结构中的名词是抽象名词时，相当于其名词所对应的形容词的意思，说明被修饰词具有某种特征或属性。常用的名词有：use, importance, help, value, interest, benefit 等。这些名词前可用 great, no, little, some, any, not much 等修饰，以表示不同程度。【典例】 The camel is of great help to the Arab.(The camel is very helpful to the Arab.) 骆驼对阿拉伯人有很大帮助。【小试牛刀】 1)You will find this map of great _(valuable) in helping you to get around London. 2)Winning the right to hold the Asian Games in 2010 is great importance to Guangzhou. 3)The painting we had thought to be great value turned out to be valueless.10.Once she has made up her mind, nothing can change it. 她一旦下了决心，什么也不能使她改变。 【解析】“once状语从句”意为“一旦就”。 在 once引导的状语从句中常用一般现在时代替将来时。 【典例】 Once you remember it, youll never forget it. 一旦你记住它，你就永远不会忘记它。【小试牛刀】1.一旦你学会了骑单车，你就绝不会忘记。（用once 翻译句子） 2.你一旦许诺，就要兑现。 _3. _ you begin, you must keep doing it.4. She is so stubborn a person that she has made up her mind, nothing can change it.课后作业【大显身手】 （检测一）一语法填空。根据照句子结构的语法性，在下面空格处填入一个适当的词语或使用括号中词语的适当形式填空。1. We have only a few days left. All _ we have to do is to practice every day.2. Jane received a letter with a beautiful stamp _(attach) on the envelop.3