木材英语.doc

木材英语植物分类 plant classification裸子植物 gymnosperms被子植物 angiosperms双子叶植物 dicotyledons单子叶植物 monocotyledons针叶树 coniferous tree; conifer阔叶树 broad-leaved tree; deciduous tree软材，针叶树材 soft wood 硬材，阔叶树材 hard wood 木本植物种类 kinds of woody plants树木 tree灌木 shrub rb木质藤本植物 woody liana; woody climber维管植物 vascular plant 商用木材 commercial timber幼龄材 young tree老龄材 old tree木质茎 woody stem细胞 cell组织 tissue支持组织 supporting tissue 储存组织 storage tissue输导组织 conducting tissue树干 stem; trunk; bole树根 root主枝 limb分枝 branch小枝 branchlet侧向支根 lateral branch root 小根 rootlet根系 root system分生组织 meristematic tissue 永久组织 permanent tissue生长点 terminal growing point; apical growing point原分生组织 promeristem顶端分生组织 apical meristem初生分生组织 primary meristem表皮原 dermatogen皮层原 periblem中柱原 plerome原形成层 procambium表皮 epidermis皮层 cortex中柱 central core stele髓 pith形成层 cambium初生韧皮部 primary phloem初生木质部 primary xylem初生长 primary growth初生组织 primary tissue高生长 elongation; elongation of tree stem; height growth母细胞 mother cell子细胞 daughter cell次生木质部 secondary xylem; secondary wood次生韧皮部 secondary phloem周皮 periderm北半球 northern hemisphere温带树木 temperate-zone tree季节性活动 seasonal activity形成层活动 cambial activity生长轮 growth ring年轮 annual ring木质部分子 xylem element韧皮部分子 phloem element木质部（木材） xylem(wood)韧皮部（内皮） phloem(inner bark)尖削度 taper植物生长激素 plant growth hormone; auxin热带木材 tropical wood国产木材 domestic wood粗视木材特征 gross structure features横切面 cross section径切面 radial section弦切面 tangential section成熟树干 mature trunk死皮（外皮） dead (outer)bark活皮（内皮） living(inner)bark边材 sapwood心材 heartwood正常心材 normal heart wood 受伤心材 wound heartwood假心材 false heartwood内含边材 included sapwood 边材树种 sapwood tree熟材树种 ripewood tree 生长轮 growth increment早材 early wood; springwood 晚材 late wood ;summerwood正常年轮 ring of normal type; normal growth increment非正常年轮 ring of abnormal type不连续年轮 discontinuous ring假年轮 false ring木射线 wood ray; xylary ray髓射线 pith ray木射线肉眼下不明显 rays indistinct to the naked eye木射线肉眼下明显 rays distinct to the naked eye宽木射线 broad ray叠生木射线 storied ray薄壁组织 parenchyma射线薄壁组织 ray parenchyma轴向薄壁组织 longitudinal parenchyma上皮薄壁组织 epithelial parenchyma离管型薄壁组织 apotracheal parenchyma星散状薄壁组织 diffuse parenchyma轮界状薄壁组织 terminal parenchyma切线状薄壁组织 metatracheal parenchyma宽带状薄壁组织 broad-bands parenchyma傍管状薄壁组织 paratracheal parenchyma环管状薄壁组织 vasicentric parenchyma翼状薄壁组织 aliform parenchyma聚翼状薄壁组织 confluent parenchyma无孔材 nonporous wood 有孔材 porous wood 环孔材 ring porous wood 散孔材 diffuse porous wood 半散孔材 semi-diffuse porous wood半环孔材 semi-ring porous wood 胞间道 intercellular canal(or duct)树脂道 resin canal正常树脂道 normal resin canal创伤树脂道 traumatic canal髓斑 pith fleck 结构 texture细结构 fine texture粗结构 coarse texture均匀结构 even texture 不均匀结构 uneven texture纹理 grain直纹理 straight grain螺旋纹理 spiral grain 材色 color光泽 luster气味 odor健全材 sound wood滋味 taste重量 weight最轻木 the lightest wood 最重木 the heaviest wood 硬度 hardness软 soft 中硬 medium hard甚硬 very hard 径切板 quartersawn lumber弦切板 flatsawn lumber木材细胞 woody cell; wood element 轴向组织 longitudinal(axial)tissue径向组织 horizontal(ray)tissue垂周分裂 anticlinal division平周分裂 periclinal division 纺锤形原始细胞 fusiform initial形成层射线原始细胞 cambial ray initial细胞壁 cell wall多糖成分 polysaccharide fraction纤维素 cellulose半纤维素 hemicellulose木素 lignin初生壁 primary cell wall 次生壁 secondary cell wall 胞间层 true middle lamella复胞间层 compound lamella瘤状沉积 warty deposit瘤状结构 wart structure 木质化 lignification纤维丝 microfibril纤维丝角 microfibrillar angle结晶区 crystalline(crystallite)area非结晶区 amorphous area (region)基本纤维 elementary fibril纤丝 fibril 细胞壁化学成分 chemical constituents in the cell wall纹孔式 pitting单纹孔 single pit具缘纹孔 bordered pit纹孔对 pit pair半具缘纹孔对 half-bordered pit pair具缘纹孔对 bordered pit pair单纹孔对 simple pit pair互补纹孔 complementary pit 胞间隙 intercellular space纹孔膜 pit membrane纹孔腔 pit cavity纹孔室 pit chamber纹孔缘 pit border纹孔环 pit annulus纹孔塞 torus塞缘 margo纹孔道 pit canal纹孔外口 outer aperture纹孔内口 inner aperture内含纹孔口 include aperture外延纹孔口 extended aperture细胞壁加厚 thickening of the cell wall 纹孔加厚 spiral thickening附物纹孔 vestured pitting隔膜 Septa (septum的复数)木素碳水化合物 Lignin-carbohydratic complex木材解剖(学) wood anatomy 管胞 tracheid轴向管胞 longitudinal tracheid 径列条 trabecula(trabecubae)澳柏型加厚 callitrisoid thickening眉条 crassulae轴向索状管胞 longitudinal strand tracheid交叉场 cross field 窗格状纹孔对 window-like pit pair 松型纹孔对 pinoid pit pair 云杉型纹孔对 piceoid pit pair杉木型纹孔对 taxidioid pit pair柏木型纹孔对 cupressiod pit pair射线管胞 ray tracheid 硬松 hard pine软松 soft pine 齿状突起 dentate单列射线 uniseriate ray 纺锤型射线 fusiform ray 结晶细胞 crystal-bearing cell上皮细胞 epithelial cell 导管分子 vessel element(member segment)管孔 pore穿孔 perforation单管孔 solitary pore复管孔 multiple pore 管孔链 pore chain管孔团 pore cluster单穿孔 simple perforation梯状穿孔 scalariform perforation互列纹孔式 alternate pitting对列纹孔式 opposite pitting梯纹孔式 scalariform pitting侵填体 tylosis(pl.tyloses)树胶 gum阔叶树材管胞 hardwood tracheid维管管胞 vascular tracheid 环管管胞 vasicentric tracheid纤维 fiber纤维状管胞 fiber tracheid韧型纤维 libriform fiber胶质木纤维 gelatinous fiber横卧射线细胞 procumbent ray cell直立射线细胞 upright ray cell 同形射线 homogeneous(homocellular) ray 异形射线 (heterogeneous)heterocellular ray聚合木射线 aggregate ray油细胞 oil cell正常树胶道 normal gum canal创伤树胶道 traumatic gum canal 主要成分 primary components综纤维 holocellulose非纤维素多糖 noncellulosic polysaccharides次要成分 secondary components单宁（鞣质） tannins胶乳 latex染料 dye着色物质 coloring material灰分 ash纤维素分子链 cellulose chain吡喃葡萄糖 glucopyranose纤维二糖 cellobilose大分子 macromolecule聚合度 degree of polymerization戊聚糖 pentosan木聚糖 xylan4-甲基葡萄糖醛酸 4-methylglucuronic acid 半乳糖 galactose阿拉伯糖 arabinose葡萄糖 glucose甘露糖 mannose半乳葡甘露聚糖 galactoglucomannan苯丙烷 phenylpropane紫丁香基丙烷单元 syringyl unit 愈疮木基丙烷单元 guaiacyl unit对羟苯基丙烷 p-hydroxyphenyl propane unit抽提物 extractive聚酚 polyphenol香油树脂、含油树脂 oleoresin木材松节油 wood turpentin松香 rosin密度 density 比重 specific gravity孔隙率 porosity晚材率 summerwood percentage水银测容器 apparatus for determination of density by immersion in mercury排水测容法 determining volume by weighing before and after immersing the wood sample基本密度 basic density生材密度 green density; density of green wood 绝干密度 oven-dry density绝干重 oven-dry weight绝干状态 oven-dried condition气干密度 air-dried density 气干材 air-dried wood 气干状态 air-dried condition木材实质密度 density of dry wood substance; cell wall density木材含水率 moisture content of wood (or M.C)炉干法 oven-drying method蒸馏法 distillation method 含水率测定仪 electrical moisture meter吸着水 bound water自由水 free water平衡含水率 equilibrium moisture content(or E.M.C.)吸湿 adsorption解吸 desorption吸湿滞后 sorption hysteresis纤维饱和点 fiber saturation point(or F.S.P.)木材最大含水率 maximum moisture content of wood 收缩 shrinkage膨胀 swelling最大体积收缩和膨胀 maximum volumetric shrinkage and swelling径向收缩 radial shrinkage弦向收缩 tangential shrinkage干缩差异 ratio of tangential shrinkage to radial shrinkage纵向收缩 longitudinal shrinkage 干缩系数 coefficient of shrinkage 热膨胀系数 coefficient of thermal expansion木材的比热 specific heat of wood 木材的热传导 thermal conductivity of wood 热导率 thermal conductivity 木材的导温 diffusivity of wood 木材的直流电性质 direct-current properties of wood 电阻 electrical resistance电传导 electrical conductivity电导率 conductivity木材的交流电性质 alternating-current properties of wood介电常数 dielectric constant 功率因素 power factor 极性分子 polar molecule木材的压电性质 piezoelectric properties of wood 电阻型木材含水率测定仪 resistance-type moisture meter电容及射频 capacity and radio-frequency 含水率测定仪 power-loss type moisture meter木材的声学性质 acoustical properties of wood 木材中的声传播 sound transmission in wood 木材的声速 sound velocity in wood 木材的声波阻抗 sound wave resistance in wood 声辐射阻尼 damping of sound radiation内摩擦 internal friction 空间声学 acoustics of space声能 sound energy隔音 sound transmission loss; separating noise source吸声 absorbing sound within a space声反射 reflection of sound 声压 sound pressure木材调湿 humidity conditioned by wood 色度测定 quantitative color measurement木材色度 color characterization of wood木材表面性质 surface properties of wood 木材的触觉特性 touchable characteristics of wood 木材的视觉特性 visible characteristics of wood 木材流变学 rheology of wood 流变模型 rheological model 弹性 elasticity弹性模量 modulus of elasticity塑性 plasticity 蠕变 creep 蠕变恢复 creep recovery 疲劳 fatigue 刚性模量 modulus of rigidity 变形 deformation应变 stain 应力 stress 应力-应变曲线 stress-strain curve 载荷 loading 卸载 unloading 弹性变形 elastic deformation 各向异性 anisotropy正交对称性 rhombic symmetry 弹性常数 systems of elastic constant 弹性常数 elastic constant 对称轴 axis of symmetry分应力 stress component 分应变 strain component柔度 compliance 木材弹性异向性 the anisotropic elasticity of wood 泊松比 poissons ratio体积模量 bulk modulus理想弹性变形 ideal elastic deformation粘滞流动变形 viscous flow deformation 弹性单元 elastic element 粘性单元 viscous element 流变曲线 flow curve 拉伸 tension 压缩 compression 弯曲 bending 木材抗弯强度 bending strength of wood 木材静曲弹性模量 the modulus of elasticity in static bending of w木材顺纹抗剪强度 shearing strength parallel to grain of wood 木材顺纹抗拉强度 tensile strength parallel to grain of wood 木材顺纹抗压强度 compressive strength parallel to grain of wood 木材横纹压力 compression perpendicular to grain of wood 木材横纹抗压弹性模量 modulus of elasticity in compression perpendicular to grain of wood 木材冲击韧性 toughness of wood 木材硬度 hardness of wood 木材抗劈强度 cleavage strength of wood 静力实验测定 determination by static test 动态实验测定 determination by dynamic test 无损检测 nondestructive testing defects of wood原木缺陷 defects in log 锯材缺陷 saw timber defects knot 节子 knot活节 live knot 死节 dead knot健全节 sound knot 腐朽节 decay knot ;rotten knot 漏节 seriously decayed knot 圆形节 round knot椭圆行节 oval knot条状节 splay knot掌状节 palmate knot隐生节 enclosed knot材边节 edge knot材面节 face knot材棱节 arris knot变色 stain; discoloration化学变色 chemical stain真菌变色 fungus stain霉菌变色 discoloration by mould变色菌变色 discoloration caused by stain fungi腐朽节变色 discoloration caused by decay fungi边材变色 sap stain青变 blue stain心材变色 heart stain腐朽 decay; rot白腐 white rot褐腐 brown rot; brown decay软腐 soft rot; soft decay根腐 butt rot干腐 trunk rot初期腐朽 incipient decay中腐 intermediate decay后期腐朽（重腐） final decay; destruction stage虫眼 insect hole表面虫眼和虫沟 surface insect-hole and gallery深虫眼 deep insect hole针孔虫眼 pin hole小虫眼 small insect hole大虫眼 large insect hole蜂窝状孔洞 honeycomb hole裂纹 shake; check径裂 heart shake轮裂 ring shake环裂 round shake弧裂 cup shake冻裂 frost crack干裂 seasoning check; drying shake炸裂 popping劈裂 felling shake端裂 end shake; end check贯通裂 through shake材身纵裂 side shake树干形状缺陷 defects of trunk shape弯曲 curvature单向弯曲 simple curvature尖削 tapering大 root swelling树瘤 cancer木材构造缺陷 defects of wood structure扭转纹 spiral斜纹 cross grain应力木 reaction wood应压木 compression wood应拉木 tension wood双心 double pith脆心 brittle heart树脂囊 resin pocket; pith pocket乱纹（交错纹） interlocked grain; cross grain伤疤 damage机械损伤 mechanical damage锯口偏斜 deviation of saw kerf采脂伤 blaze抽心 extraction烧伤 char夹皮 inbark; bark pocket内夹皮 closed inbark外夹皮 opened bark偏枯 scar树包 knob树脂漏 resinous wood脆性 brashness树木生长应力 growth stresses in tree湿材 wet wood微细压缩裂隙 minute compression failure木材加工缺陷 defects of process缺棱 wanting arris毛刺糙面 rough saw cut瓦棱状锯疤 deep saw mark变形 change in shape翘曲 distortion; warp顺弯 bow; camber横弯 edge bend; crook翘弯 cupping扭曲 twisting; winding方材断面菱形变形 diamonding木材分等 timber grading主要品质因子 primary quality indexes生长速度 growth rate 慢生长 slow growth快生长 fast growth不同树种 different species同种不同树株 different individual of the same species树株内在不同部位 different places in a tree 均匀性 uniformity心材比例 proportion of heartwood纤维长度 fiber length应力木的存在 occurrence of reaction wood幼龄材 juvenile wood成熟材 mature wood幼龄材的比例 proportion of juvenile wood纹理方向 grain orientation木材化学组成 chemical composition of wood细胞组成 cellular composition化学改良 improving properties by chemical 改性木材 modified woods化学剂保持量 retention 渗透度 penetration 预处理 pre-treatment 刻痕 incising 木材防腐处理 preservation process of wood 常压法 non-pressure process涂刷法 brushing 喷射法 spraying 短浸法 dipping 浸泡法 steeping冷浴法 cold soaking 冷热槽法 hot and cold bath 扩散法 diffusion method 加压法 pressu