中考英语知识要点.doc

知 识 要 点1.问职业：What be + 主语？= What does /do +主语+do?eg. He is a teacher.（提问） _ _ he _?2.Its nice talking to you.与你谈话真高兴。3.表方式的短语1)on foot 2)by + 交通名词单数（无冠词） = in / on a (the; 物主代词；名词所有格)eg. 1) by bike = on a bike by car = in a car 2) He goes to work by a bike every day.(改错) _must: 个人主观上认为“必须”（无时态变化）4. have to : 有外部条件强加的客观上的“不得不” （存在各种时态）eg. 1) I _ stop on the way because of the rain. 2) I _ stop because Im a little tired.5.提建议Shall we ? 答 肯定：Good idea / OK / Lets All rightWhy not ? 语 否定：No, lets 肯定：Certainly/ Yes, please/另外还可回答为 Yes, I think so/ Id love to否定：No,I dont think so /Im afraid not. put on强调“穿”的动作：穿上，戴上 后接6. wear是 put on 之后的结果：穿着 “衣服”= be in 名词 dress sb: 给某人穿衣eg. 1)Youd better _ more clothes when you go out. Its cold outside.A. wear B. dress C. put on D. take off 2)The boy can _ himself now.A. wear B. dress C. put on D. take off 3) Tom is wearing a red shirt today. A. is on B. is in C. is putting on7.在具体的某楼前用 oneg. He lives on the fifteenth floor.8.How do you like ? 你觉得怎么样？ = What do you think of ? eg. How do you like the new film? = What do you think of the new film? 你觉得这部新电影怎么样？9.a little = a bit 但注意：1) a little+名词 = a bit of + 名词 )eg.There is a little( a bit of ) water in the glass. 2) not a little = very not a bit = not at all10. quite : quite a (an) + 形 + 名 very : a very + 形 + 名eg. This is a very interesting book. = This is quite an interesting book.11.in a hurry: 匆忙地eg.1)He is in a hurry all day. 2)She went to school in a hurry.另外：hurry to = go to in a hurry12. marry sb = be married to sb.与某人结婚 get married = be married 已婚；结婚（但get married是“短命”动词，要指“结婚多久”应用be married）eg. 1)She married with a doctor (找错) _ 2)She has got married for ten years (找错) _13. leave sth + 地点：把某物忘在某地 forget sth : 忘记某事eg. 1)He _ the drivers license yesterday. 2)I _ my umbrella in the train just now.14.感叹句 1）What (a, an) + 形 + 名（+主 + 谓）！(注：但名词为不可数、复数时，则不用a / an) 2）How + 形 / 副 （ + 主 + 谓）！eg.1)_ bad weather! 2)_ hard they are working! 3)_ good girl she is! 4)_ beautiful flowers they are!“雨大，雪大”heavy-heavily/ hard15.“风大” strong -strongly “太阳大”bright-brightly注意以上词的形、副区别eg. 1)There was a _ rain yesterday. 2)It blew _ last night. 3)The sun is shining _. 4)Look! Its raining _. 5)What a _ wind! how long: 多长时间（问时间段）16. how often: 多久一次（问频率） how soon = when: 何时（问将来时间）eg.1)-_ does he go home? - Once a week. 2)-_ were you away from school last year? -Less than a week. 3)-_ will he come back? -In two days.eg. 1)I didnt go to the cinema. _ I went to the library yesterday. 2)We would like to stay at school _ going to the cinema today. 18.so 句型 so + be(助、情) + 主语：“也如此” so + 主语 + be(助、情)：“的确如此”eg.1)I watched TV last night, and so did she. 昨晚我看了电视，她也看了。 2)I watch TV every day, and so does he. 我每天看电视，他也如此。 3)I can swim, so I can. 我会游泳，真的是这样。注意：表示“也不如此”用neither / noreg. I didnt watch TV last night, neither did she19.指路与问路 问路 1)Excuse me. Could you tell me how I can get to . how to get to the way to 2)Excuse me. Which is the way to指路1)Go down / up / along this road and go还可替换为walk2)Go down / up / along to the end.3)Go on until you reach the end.4)Take the turning on the left.= Turn left at the turning.5)Go across the bridge 20. eg.1)Hes sick / ill in hospital. 2)A nurse (A) must take (B) good (C) care of ill (D) men. （选错） _21. eg.1)_ he is a student. 2)He _ a student.22.类似结构23.到达但当后不接地点时，只能用arriveeg.1)She _ Shanghai last night.A. reached to B. got C. arrived in D. arrived at 2)They _ there in time at last.A. reached to B. arrived C. got to D. arrived at1) Ill ring you up as soon as he_(到达).eg.1)She is _ girl. 2)Do you feel _ when you are _? 3)The old man live in a house _.eg. I have (A) many (B) work to do (C)_eg.1)He gave us _ money. 2)She is _ young.eg.1)Please _ your exercise book here tomorrow.2)Meimei often helps the old man _ water.eg. -I looked for my pen_, but I couldnt find it _. -Dont worry. Sooner or later youll find it _.30.to ones surprise 使某人吃惊的是类似结构：to ones joy 使某人高兴的是eg. To our great surprise, she could swim in the river. 使我们惊奇的是，他能在河里游泳。31. agree with : 同意某人（或某人所说的） agree to : 同意某事eg. 1)He agree _ my plan. 2)I agree _ what you said.32.be on team: 参加队；是的队员eg. He is on the city basketball team. 他是市篮球队队员。33.teach sb+科目（当sb是人称代词时应用宾格）eg. He teaches our English(改错) _34.the 100-metre race 100米赛跑 100-metre作定语，修饰race, 注意metre用单数。 类似结构：a two-thousand-word letter一封两千字的信an 18-year-old girl一位18岁的女孩另外有时还可用所有格形式来表达：100-metre race = 100 metres racetwo-month holiday = two months holiday但当前面有a/ an ; 物主代词；所有格时。则只能用复合形容词来表示：eg. What did the headmaster say about Jims _.A. two months holidayB. Two months holidayC. two-month holiday D. two moths blem与question question: 指人们主观上产生而提出等待回答的问题。常与ask , answer连用 problem: 指客观上存在等待解决的问题着重指“难题”。常与solve , work out连用1) We must find out a good way to solve the _.2) You can answer the _ in your own words. borrow: 借进 borrow from从借36. lend: 借出 lend sb sth = lend sth to sb 把某物借给某人keep: 保存；借（多久）（与时间段连用）1)Jack _ me his bike last week.2)You can _ the book from me, but you can _ it for only one week.37.Its +adj + of / for sb to do sth.当形容词用于修饰人时，介词用of. 常见的此类形容词有：kind ; good ; clever ; careful ; polite ; right ; wrong. 其余情况用for.1)Its very clever _ you to do that.2)Its hard _ me to work out the problem.38. more: 另外的；额外的（放在数量词之后） another: 再一（另一）（放在数量词之前）1)May I have two _ apples?2)May I borrow _ one book?used to + 动原: 过去常常做39. be used to + 动原: 被用于做 be / get used to sth : 习惯于某事1)He used to be late for school.2)The knife is used to cut things.3)He is uesd to hard work. other: 放在被修饰词之前40. else: 放在被修饰词之后，一般修饰不定代词和疑问词1)other students别的学生2)anybody else. 其它任何人 what else. 别的什么41. so + 形/副 such + 形 + 名但注意：1) so +形+a / an + 单名= such a /an +形 +单名2)so (many / much / few / little) + 名3)so that ; such that如此以致 It was _ bad weather. There are _ many poor in the country. _ few animals eat _ much grass. This city is _ old, youd better visit it. Its _ important party _ I cant miss it. have / has been to: 曾经去过42. have / has gone to: 已经去了have / has been in: 已在(多久)注意：1)后接地点副词here, there , home时应省介词 2)与时间段连用只用have /has been in -Wheres Tom?-He _ Beijing. I _ Beijing several times. She _ Chengdu for two years. He _ there twice.43.“短命”动词 “长命”动词buyhave ; borrowkeep ; diebe dead ; leavebe away (from); come backbe back; fall asleepbe asleep ; openbe open ;catch a coldhave a cold; go /get outbe out; arrive (reach / get to / come to) +地点be in +地点；joinbe in +集体（或be + 成员）；turn onbe on; turn offbe off ;get a letter fromhave a letter from.end /finishbe over ; get upbe up ; 1) He has (A) bought (B) the fridge (C) for (D) two years. _2)How long (A) may (B) I borrow (C) the (D) book? _3)The film (A) has begun (B) for five minutes(C). _4)Tom has got (A) the letter (B) from (C) Jim for two days (D). _5)I have (A) caught (B) a cold since two years ago (C). _6)He has (A) come to (B) Beijing for ten years(C) _7)My brother (A) has joined (B) the army (C) for (D) five years. _44. except: 除以外（不包括除去的部分）besides: 除了，还有（包括除去的部分）1) We go to school every day except Sunday.该句意味着： We go to school from Monday to Saturday.2)We all went to the park besides Li Lei.该句意味着： We went to the park, and Li Lei went, too. take: It take sb sometime to do sth.45. 主语pay (money) for sth 是人buy sth for + moneycost: sth cost sb + money 主语是物1)I _ ten yuan on the book.2)I _ ten yuan for the book.3)The book _ me ten yuan.4)I _ the book for ten yuan.5)It _ me an hour to do the maths problem sometime: 某时(与将来时连用)46 sometimes: 有时（一般现在时some time: 一些时候(表时间段)some times:几次eg. 1)He _ (go) to Beijing sometime next week.2)I _ (be) to Beijing some times.47.be to do: 表将来There is to be a sports meeting next Saturday.48.计量：表事物的“长、宽、高、深、远、厚”用 “long ; wide ; high / tall ; deep ; away ; thick.1)Mr Green is nearly two metres _2)The ice is about one metre _.3)Our classroom is about twelve metres _and eight metres _.49.population：不可数名词。指人口的多少用“large / big或small”；询问人口的多少用what.1)Whats the population of Germany? 德国的人口是多少？2)China has a large population.中国人口众多3)The population (A) of (B) Japan is less (C) than that (D) of India. _另外注意：表示“有人口”用have a population of .Now China has a population of more than one billion. 现在中国有十亿多人口。eg. make room for: 为腾出空间51.seem的用法：1)seem + adj = seem to be + adjHe seems very angry = He seems to be angry.2)seem to doIt seems to rain tomorrow.明天似乎要下雨。3)It seems + that从句It seems that you are right.你似乎是对的。1)He talked as if he knew all about it.他说话的口气好象已经全知道了此事。2)He opened his mouth as if to say something.他开口似乎要说什么。1)We _ them 5 to 3.2)In the end we _ the erested;excited;surprised主语是人。指某53.人对感兴趣/感到兴奋/感到惊奇（只作表语）interesting;excited;surprising主语是物。指某物有趣/令人兴奋/使人惊奇（可作定、表语）1)Its an _football game.2)Im _ in music. 1)作情态动词，用于否、疑句54.need 2)作实义动词 need to do(表主动)need doing(表被动)1)You neednt go home now.2)The bike needs mending.3)I need to go home now.55. alive: 活着的；在世的（常作后置定语） living: 活着的；没死的（常作前置定语）1)Both plants and animals are _ thing.2)No one _ will believe it.56.否定前移的动词：think , believe , expect , suppose.1)I didnt expect their team would win.我希望他们的对不会赢。2)I dont think he will come tomorrow. 我认为明天他不会来。 look at: （有意识地）看57. see: （look at之后的结果）看见read: 看（书、报等）watch: 看（电视、比赛等）另外注意：1)see a film看电影2)see a doctor看医生1)I often _ newspaper after suppe.2)He _ the picture, and _ some trees in it.58. listen to :（有意识地）听hear: （listen to之后的结果）听见He was very sorry to _ the bad news. look for:（强调“找”的动作）寻找59. find: （look for之后的结果）找到 find out: (经过努力、周折)查出，找出（真相等）They are _ their lost horse.A. finding B. looking for C. finding out60. hope: (可能实现的)愿望 wish: (难以实现的)愿望另外注意：1)wish to do sth = hope to do sth 2)wish sb to do sth ( ) hope sb to do sth( )( )I _ you to come to school earlier next time. A. wish B. hope C. wants enough：放在形、副之后. good enough61. 修饰不定代词(something, anything, nothing)的词应后置。else修饰不定代词和疑问词应后置）1)I have something important to tell you.2)He didnt run fast enough to catch up with Tom.had better +动原 否定had better not +动原62 Will / Would you please +动原？Will / Would you please not + 动原？Will you please not talk in class?63. Whats the weather like ? 的天气= Hows the weather ? 怎么样？64. find +宾 +形：觉得怎么样find it +形 +to do: 觉得做怎么样类似用法还有make , think等1)I find the question _(容易).2)I think it important to learn Englis.65. a number of +复名：许多，一些(作主为复)the number of: 的数目/号码(作主为三单)The number of the students in our class is 50. too: 句末 用于肯定句66. also: 句中 “也”either: 否定句末“也不”1)I dont like reading, she doesnt , _.2)Tom is fourteen. Jim is _fourteen.67. already , just : 肯助后yet: 否、疑末1)I have already had lunch.2)I havent had lunch yet.68. live: (长时间的)居住 stay: (短时间的)居住eg. He lives in Changsha, but hes going to stay in Shanghai for a few days.定语从句：在句中作定语的句子，它修饰一个名词或代词，这个被修饰的名词、代词叫做先行词。一、引导词（关系词）：位于从句与先行词之间，起连接作用，同时在从句中充当一定的成分。先行词分两类：1.关系代词who（作主语）, whom（作宾语）, whose（作定语）, which（作主语、宾语）, that（作主语、宾语）. 2.关系副词when, where, why. 注意：1.如果关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时，引导词可以省略.eg. The trees (that) we have planted grow well. 2.关系代词作宾语时，可放在介词后。 但当关系代词是that时，则不能放在介词后。eg. This is the house in which Lu Xun once lived= This is the house which Lu Xun once lived in.=This is the house that Lu Xun once lived in二、如何选用引导词：一般情况引导词的选用是受先行词决定的先行词是人时用that , who , whom , whose; 先行词是物时用that , which; 先行词是时间、地点时用when , where.eg. 1)The boy who / that is standing under the tree is Jim. 站在树下的那个男孩时Jim. 2)Do you know the girl whose mother is a driver? 你认识那个妈妈是司机的女孩吗？ 3)Have you been to the factory where your father works? 你去过你爸爸工作的工厂吗？但注意区别who / that (指人)；which / that (指物)1.修饰人只用who的情况：a. 先行词是one , ones , anyone , those 时。b. there be句型中修饰名词时。c. 先行词后有一个较长的定语。eg.1)Anyone who hasnt handed in his home- work should stay after school. 没交作业的任何人放学后都要留下。 2)There is a girl who wants to see you at the school gate. 校门口有位想见你的女孩。 3)Did you see the man in the park yesterday afternoon who wore a red shirt? 昨天下午在公园你见过那个穿红衬衫的人吗？2.修饰人或物只用that的情况： a. 先行词为指物的不定代词all , much , little, few , everything , something , anything , nothing b.先行词前有最高级、序数词及last , only , very , all , no时 c. 先行词既有人，又有物时 d. 主句是who / which引导的特殊疑问句，而先行词又指人或物时。eg.1)Is there anything that I can do for you? 有让我做的事吗？ 2)He is the only one that can help us at the moment. 他是现在能帮助我们的唯一的人。 3)He talked about the teachers and schools that he had visited. 他谈论着他拜访过的老师和参观过的学校。 4)Which is the machine that we used last Sunday? 我们上周星期天用过的机器是哪一台？3.修饰物只用which的情况： a. 先行词在定语从句中作介词的宾语时 b. 先行词为that时eg.1)This is the house in which Lu Xun once lived . 这就是鲁迅以前住过的房子。 2)Whats that which you are holding in your arms? 你抱着的那个是什么？*三、定语从句可简化为短语1定语从句为被动语态时可简化为过去分词短语；定语从句为现在进行时可简化为现在分词短语。2定语从句的谓语(be)后是介词短语，可简化为介词短语作定语。3定语从句的谓语动词含情态动词，可简化为不定式。eg.1)I bought a book that was written by Lu Xun. = I bought a book written by Lu Xun. 2)Tell the children who are playing there not to do that.= Tell the children playing there not to do that. 3)The book that is on the table is mine. = The book on the table is mine. 4) We have nothing that we should fear. = We have nothing to fear.宾语从句：充当宾语的句子对宾语从句应注意以下三要素：1. 引导词 2. 语序 3. 时态