6级综合改错及答案

英语六级改错综合训练一、题型特征 作为CET传统题型之一，综合改错题仍然是与完型填空一起作为二选一出现，文章长度大约在200-250词之间，共包含10处错误。每行不超过一处错误，而且不包括标点符号错误和纯粹的单词拼写错误。二、错误类型 1.逻辑表达错误 2.介词使用错误 3.代词使用错误 4.非谓语动词使用错误 5.主谓语前后不一致错误 6.名词的错误 7.代词使用错误 8.冠词的错误 9.句子结构的错误 10.时态语态和语气的使用错误 11.易混淆词的使用错误。 三、考查方式1.改正（correction） （/）2.删除（delete） （/） 3.增添（add）（）四、解题步骤1、一般来说，做题时千万不要拿起来就改，先花1-2分钟从头到尾通读全文，对文章大致内容有所了解，做到心中有数。2、然后把重点放在有错误项的标有题号行，寻找较容易辨认的语法错误，如主谓不一致、时态、语态使用错误、非谓语动词错误等。3、如果错行中不存在上述明显错误，则应查看是否有词语搭配错误、易混词错误、词性错误等等细节错误。4、如果错行中急不存在语法错误，也不存在词汇错误，则从整体上查看上下文意思是否连贯，连接词是否使用正确，是否有逻辑混乱的现象，如否定句误用成肯定句造成句意不通等。5、找到错误项后，按要求形式进行改正、删除或增添，并设法找到一个正确项使句子在语法语义逻辑上都成立。五、错误类型例析1. 逻辑表达的错误 逻辑表达错误是由于某个词语使用不当而造成文章在语义上前后不一致或者矛盾的错误类型，具有难度大、不易发现的特点。这类错误往往需要在考生充分理解全文并具有较强的语言综合应用能力的基础上方可解答。一般来说，逻辑表达错误包括两种类型。 第一种是反义词的使用错误，常见的这类错误有：派生反义词，如：encourage-discourage，load-unload，satisfy-dissatisfy等；互补性反义词，如：dead-alive，boy-girl，man-woman，male-female，brother-sister，married-single等；换位性反义词，如：buy-sell，give-receive，lend-borrow，husband-wife，parent-child，left-right等；相对性反义词，如：easy-hard，big-small，cold-hot，old-young，wide-narrow，love-hate等；按上下文语义，行中多用了not或no，或必须添上not或no。 第二种是连接词的使用错误，包括：并列连词，如：and，but，for，or等；主从连词，这类词较多，如：because，though，if，unless，before，after，until，as，while，whereas等；连接性副词，如：however，moreover，besides，nevertheless，then，thus等；连接性介词，如：because of，despite，besides，instead of等。例1 Recently more and more attention has been focusedon the problem of preserving the environment.The fact that a Government Ministry called theDepartment of the Environment has been createdshows how unimportant the issue is considered to be. 1._Many other countries have established similar organizations. 这段文章，所要表达的意思是：人们对环境问题的重视，并成立了环境部，从而意在说明环境这个问题是多么的重要。显而易见，该处的unimportant应该改为具有肯定意义的important。此处错误属于第一种，即反义词的使用错误。例2 In our society all kinds of work are equally important.For example, the work of a completely uneducatedfarmer is in some sense more important than that of aprofessor: we can live without education, so we die if we 1. _have no food. This is a simple truth that everybodybelieves. Although no one cleaned our streets and took the 2. _rubbish away from our house, we would get terriblediseases in our towns. 在这段文章，第一处要表达的意思是：农民的工作在某种程度上甚至比教授还重要，这是因为不受教育我们照样能活下去，但是没有食物我们却无法存活。因此应该将so改为but，这样才符合文章的逻辑。第二处错误，咋看似乎是一个让步从句，然而后文却毫无转折之意，其实它是一个条件式虚拟语句，应该将although改为if。这两处错误均属于逻辑表达错误中的第二种，即连接词使用错误。这类错误比较第一种错误来说，重在考查考生对英语语言的应用方面。通过例题以及解答不难看出，逻辑错误主要是考查学生对整篇文章的理解，一般不容易第一眼便发现，只有我们读完全文或者上下文之后才可以把握。 练习题1 There are many arguments for and against television.The poor quality of its program is often criticized and TVcommercials are also boring. So television is undoubtedly 1._a great comfort to many lonely and elderly people. 2 The manager of a large office building had receivedmany complains about elevator service in the building,but he engaged a group of engineers to study the situation 2._and make recommendation for improvement. 3 We asked a lady, who replied that she thoughtyou could tell a well-mannered person by the waythey occupied the space around themfor example,when such a person walks down a street he or she isconstantly unaware of others. Such people never 3._bump into other people. 4 Until the very latest moment of his existence,man has been bound the planet on which heoriginated and developed. Now he has the capabilityto leave that planet and move out into the universe tothose worlds which he has known previously only directly. 4._5 One major decision which faces the Americanstudents ready to begin higher education is thechoice of attending a large university or a smallcollege. The large university provides a wide range ofspecialized departments as well as numerous courseswithin such departments. The small college, therefore, 5._generally provides a limited number of coursesand specializations but offers a better student-facultyratio, thus permitting individualized attention to students. 6 Music the Johnny has learned to appreciate asunpleasant is just dull noise to Jimmyand quite 6._possible, vice versa. 7 We are learning, finally, that silence is a naturalresource and must be protected by law. It appearsthat we all find company in sound, if we all 7._demand a little quiet from time to time. 8 The farmer aroused at down or before it andhad much work to do, with his own muscles as hischief source of power. He used axes, spades and 8._other complicated tools. 9 Whether women who have started a careerwill attain pay equality with men rests on at leasttwo factors. First, will most of them continuepart-time at their jobs after they have children? A 9._break in their employment, or a decision to workpart-time, will slow their raises and promotions asit would for men. 10 Whether true or not, the story illustrates theproblem with idioms. They are almost possible to 10._understand from the meanings of the individualwords. And with English idioms, even the samewords may have different meanings. 答案解析：1.将so改为转折性连词but。虽然前句说电视节目质量遭到批评，并且还有令人讨厌的广告，但是接下来是说对孤寡老人的益处，因此此处表达转折的意思。 2.将but 改为so。文章并没有表达转折的意思，因为经理收到了许多关于电梯服务的投诉，所以他才做出后面的措施，因此此处应该是因果关系。 3.将unaware改为aware。根据后文说这样的人从来不会撞到别人便可看出，他们时刻在注意着别人。 4.将directly改为indirectly。根据前文所说，人类先前并没有进入这些宇宙空间而是现在才具有了这种能力，因此不可能是直接而只可能是间接的了解。 5.将therefore改为however。根据上文可以看出，此处学院是和大学在做对比，因此是一种转折关系。 6.将unpleasant改为pleasant。此句意思是说对于Johnny来说pleasant的音乐对Jimmy却完全是噪音，从而显示出两人的不同，从后文vice verse也可看出原句是将两人在进行对比。 7.将if改为although，though，but或者yet。仔细分析此句会发现，原文其实在表达一种让步或转折关系而非条件关系。该句意思是：尽管我们时常要求一点宁静，却似乎我们都离不开声音。 8.将and改为or。此处是表示选择，即农民既可以使用斧子，也可以使用铁锹或者其他类似的工具。 9.将part-time改为full-time。根据后文可知，妇女选择兼职将会减缓她们工资增长以及提升，因此要想获得和男性同样的薪水，将决定于她们应该是否会继续从事全职。 10.将possible改为impossible。根据后文可知，即使同样的词语意思也是不一样，因此这个问题应该是从单个词语意思来理解习语是个可能的事情。2. 介词的使用错误 介词使用错误是改错题常见的错误类型之一。介词的用法是英语学习中的的一大难点，英语中有相当数量的动词短语、介词短语和固定短语都含有介词。尽管介词本身数量并不多，但是其搭配方式之丰富多变往往使英语考生为之色变。能否准确地运用介词可直接反映出考生的英语基础是否扎实，因此一般考试都会包括这种类型的错误。介词主要涉及用法与搭配，是短文改错中出现频率最高，也是我们最易失分的一类题型，要在这类题型的辨错及改错上有所突破，我们必须注意平时介词用法知识的积累。 为获得高分，在改错练习中，务必注意从以下几个方面辨认：介词与动词的搭配，如： accuse sb. Of, charge sb. From, prohibit sb. From, differ from, contribute to 等； 介词与名词的搭配，如： count on, influence on/upon, improve on, belief/believe in, confidence in, advantage on, preference over, attitude to/toward, solution to 等； 介词与形容词的搭配，如： different from, indifferent to/toward, dependent on/upon, independent of, on good/bad terms with, on the contrary, by chance, by turns等。例 1 The first necessity of child upbringing is a secure emotional background with parents who are united in their attitude with children. 1._ “ attitude toward ” 是表示 “ 对 的态度 ” ，为固定用法，而没有 “ attitude with ” 的用法，因此应该将 with 改为 toward. 例 2 Unfortunately we have not found complete solutions with the various problems of our 1._ society, such like poverty, homelessness or 2._ the growth of crime. “ solution to problem ” 表示 “ 问题的解决办法 ” ，为固定搭配用法，因此应该将 with 改为介词 to, “ such as ” 表示 “ 例如、诸如 ” 的意思，为固定搭配，因此应该将 like 改为 as. 例 3 More and more people live in towns and cities instead on farms and in villages. 1._ Instead 本身为副词，其后不可以直接接宾语，而应该在后面加上介词 of 。“ instead of ”表示“代替，不是”的意思。 例 4 His Arab host, who had been watching, said of nothing, but immediately copied the action of 1._ his guest. 动词 say 本身即为及物动词，后面可以直接接上宾语，因此不需要在后面加上介词 of 。这属于介词滥用情形，应该将 nothing 之前的 of 删去。 通过上述几个例子可以看出，介词的用法灵活多变，且许多为固定的用法或者搭配形式。要想真正克服这个拦路虎，我们需要在平时的学习过程中加以记忆和理解，逐步积累，才可以更好的掌握其用法。 练习题 1 People realize that, although animals may not have the same intelligence like human being, they are smart 1._ enough to learn certain things. 2 Marconi, the Italian inventor who gave us radio, probably didnt realize what effect his great invention would have for the world in the yours to come. 2._ 3 Before you make travel in another country, find out much as possible about its manners and customs. 3._ You will probably be surprised how different they can be with your own. 4._4 We are told that the worlds population is increasing with such a speed that the need for fresh water will be 5._ doubled by the end of the century. 5 Immediately before him was a very flat piece of bread that looked to him, very much as napkin. 6._ 6 It is encouraging to note that in recent years, cigarette smokers have been in the decline, especially 7._ among the older people. 7 In 1980 black students comprised of about 10 8._ percent of all college enrollments, up from 5 percent in 1965. 8 The law I am referring requires that everyone who 9._ own a car have accident insurance. 9 But perhaps we should look at both sides of the coin before arriving hasty conclusions. 10._ 10 Big cities of the world are well-known by their 11._ noises. 答案解析：1.将like改为as。2.将for改为on或者upon。和前面的名词effect搭配的介词为on或者upon，意为“对的影响，对的作用”。类似的词组还有impact on/upon（对的影响或冲击），influence on/upon（对有影响）等。3.在much之前加上介词as。4.将with改为from。5.将with改为at。当表示速度的时候应该使用“at the speed of”或者“atspeed”，“withspeed”没有这个用法。6.将as改为like。此处的“to him”仅为一个插入语，原句的顺序可以理解为“that looked very much like a napkin to him”。7.将in改为on。“on the decline”表示“下降，减少”的意思，为固定搭配用法。8.删去of。此处comprise虽然与consist，compose意义相同，但是使用方法却不一样。Comprise为及物动词，后面不需要接介词，consist后面要加介词of，而compose一般使用be composed of的形式。9.在referring后面加上介词to。10.在arriving后面加上at。11.将by改为for。“be known for”表示“因为而出名，以闻名”之意。而“be known by”是指“被知道”的意思。 英语六级改错综合训练之3. 代词使用错误 代词的主要功能是指代已出现的名词、词组或一个意群，因此代词的出现必有所指，而且形、数等必须与前面所代的部分相符，这是代词的改错的核心。代词错误是短文改错中出现频率较高的几类错误之一，几乎每套试题都有，主要涉及如下几种情况： 1 . 指代错误。主要是第三人称代词指代的误用；不定代词 one 和 those 与人称代词 you 和 them 的混用及人于指物的误用等。 2. 关系代词的误用。主要为 that 与 which ， who 与 which ， as 与 which 的误用； what 与 that 的混用。 3. 形式代词 it 与 this ， that 的误用。如： find this important to preview the lesson （这里的 this 应改为形式宾语 it ）。 4. 不定代词的误用。主要为不定代词与指示代词 these 或人称代词的误用； someone/somebody, everyone/everybody 被误用作复数指代； some- ， any- 集合成代词与 no- 类合成代词的混用等。 例 1 A knowledge of several languages is essential to other majors study because without them one 1._ can read books only in translation. 本句中 without them 指的是：没有几们语言的知识。这里错误地使用了 them 来指代 a knowledge of several languages ，因为其中 knowledge 是中心词，所以要把 them 改为 it 。 例 2 To be frank, that is a great relief to have the task 1._ fulfilled in so short a time. 本句中 that 指的是“ to have the task fulfilled in so short a time ”，前者是后者的形式主语，而形式主语只能是 it ，因此必须把 that 改为 it 。 例 3 The teacher asked them who had completed their 1._ tests to leave the room as quietly as possible. 这句话看似没有错误，结果也十分完整，然而，它将代词宾格 them 与指示代词 those 的用法混淆了。因为一般来说，人称代词后面应该保留有修饰成分，如果保留 them ，那么这句话则必须改为： The teacher asked them to leave the room as quietly as possible. 这不符合修改的规则，故只能将 them 改为 those ，此时 those 作为指示代词，后面可以接有从句成分。 例 4 Western culture tends to ignore or take it for granted 1._ the non-verbal part of conversations, defining good communication as speaking well . 本句中， it 作为形式主语，一般用于结构“ take it for granted that ”，然而本句中没有出现从句，而只有名词短语“ the non-verbal part of conversation ”作为宾语，因此不需要形式宾语，应该将 it 删去。 通过上述例题可以发现，英语代词虽然数量不多，但是种类却不少，且各种代词有性、数、格、人称之别，必须在平时学习多注意总结和归纳，才可以正确的把握其用法。下面通过一些练习题来加深印象。 练习题 1 First and most important is its extraordinary receptive and adaptable heterogeneousness - the ease and readiness with that has taken to itself material 1._ from almost everywhere in the world and has made the old elements of language its own. 2 In most advanced English courses, time is usually set aside for conversation lessons. This can be 2._ the most difficult and most rewarding of all the lessons the teacher is called upon to conduct. 3 They gain such mental food that few companions 3._ can supply. Even while resting from their labors they are, through the books they read, equipping themselves to perform those labors more inefficiently. 4 Before the time of Galileo, learned men believed that large bodies fell more rapidly towards the earth than small one, because Aristotle said so. 4._ 5 But Galileo, going to the top of the Leaning Tower of Pisa, let fall two unequal stones, and proved to some friends, he had brought there to see his experiment, 5._ that Aristotle was in error. 6 Deep in the dense forest these tourists finally found the place where they visited ten years ago. 6._ 7 It was a beautifully decorated ancient house which 7._ door opened to the east. 8 What has been left was a table in one corner of the living-room which two legs were broken. 8._ 9 Some people think of the protection of our environment as the mere protection of a few animals and flowers. Actually natural conversation is far from that some people imagine to be. 9._ 10 It has become a question of whether man can survive at all in the world in which he is creating. 10._ 答案解析：1.本题中应该将that改为which。“that”不能作为介词宾语的关系代词，而只能使用which。2.本题中应该将this改为these。根据上下文可知此处应该指代为conversation lessons。3.本题中应该将that改为as或者删去such。此句中that引导后面定语从句修饰前面mental food，然后却不能和such一起使用，因此必须修改其中一处。“suchas”也可以引导定语从句的固定搭配，因此可将that改为as。另一种办法是删去such，原句则变为that引导的定语从句。4.本题中应该将one改为ones。该处one根据文意应该指代的是bodies。5.本题中应该在he之后加上关系代词whom。根据上下文可知，这里“he had brought there to see his experiment”为前面“some friends”的非限定性定语从句，然后却没有关系代词，使得句子结构不完整，显然，必须在he前面加上人称关系代词whom。6.本题中应该将where改为that或者which。该处where为关系副词，而原句中缺少一个关系代词，既指代前文的“the place”，又作为“visited”的宾语。7.本题中应该将which改为whose。原句中“which door”并非指代先行词“house”，而是属于其中的部分之一，应该使用关系代词的所有格形式whose。8.本题中应该将which改为whose。道理同上。9.本题中应该将that改为what。原句中“some people imagine to be”结构不完整，缺少主语，而that引导名词性从句时只起引导作用，不在句中作任何成分。10.本题中应该将in删去。定语从句引导词“which”在引导后面定语从句“he is creating”时充当其宾语成分，因为create为及物动词，后面必须接宾语才可以符合语法规则。4. 非谓语动词使用错误 非谓语动词在六级综合改错里算是一个较为令人头疼的改错类型，它包括不定式、分词、动名词。六级改错中主要出现的是非谓语动词和主要谓语动词之间的混淆，具体分为以下两种情况： 分词，主要是现在分词和过去分词的误用，如： a puzzled question a puzzling question ； an exciting girl an excited girl 等。 动词非谓语形式做主语、宾语，有时需要 it 作形式主语或形式宾语。如： This is no good arguing with him.(This it ) 例1The idea that learn a foreign language is hard 1._work is realized by every student.分析句子结构可知：the idea是主语；is realized是谓语部分；that引导同位语从句。从句中learn a foreign language是主语，而learn是动词形式，应改为动名词“learning”。例2From these unearthed bones scientists are ableto reconstruct the skeleton of the animal and fromthe reconstructing skeleton, they can obtain quite 1._a good idea of its appearance.“reconstructing”表示正在进行的动作，而根据原句可知，“skeleton”本身并不能发出这个动作，而应该为“reconstructed”，意为“the skeleton that is reconstructed”，这是过去分词作为定语。例3Lighthouses are set up to warn the passed ships 1._of the dangers along the coast. Ancient people usedsimple fire signal which could only mean “Danger!Keep off”.“passed ships”表示“已经过去的船只”，当然不可能再给予警告，这不符合逻辑，应该改为passing，意为“过往的船只”，此处现在分词作定语。例4But modern lighthouse also identifies itself in acode knowing to all ships that pass by. Most of the 1._modern lighthouses have a revolving light that isred and then green.根据句意可知，这些代码所有的船只都知道，即“a code which is known to all ships”的省略形式，“knowing”表示“正在知道，了解”这个动作过程，显然不符合题意，故应该将knowing改为known。非谓语动词的使用错误虽然不外乎不定式、分词（包括现在分词和过去分词）以及动名词三种类型，然而使用起来往往容易混淆，而且也不易区分，所以得分率通常都较低。练习题1 Judging by todays standards the techniques applied 1._to the construction of these ancient palaces are highlyadvanced.2 TV has become an essential part of our daily life,keeping us informed of the news of the day. Comparing 2._with other media of information and education, TV isalmost unrivalled.3 The characters being described in this TV play are 3._very true to life, which may be the reason why ittouched a nation of audience.4 There are a great many places of interest in this city. But the major attraction is a recently builthotel which resembles a sailing ship when seeing 4._from a distance. No travelers leave the city withoutvisiting it.5 The building built now at our school is the new 5._library.6 A lighthouse must be high enough for its lightto see far away, but if it is too high, it has more 6._possibility to be destroyed by high wind; so it isnot always true to say that the higher it is the better.7 Consider the great need for improving many 7._aspects of the global environment, one is surelyjustified in