《新编大学英语3》Unit 1.doc

Book3 Unit 1-11. An Introduction to PersonalityIn a general sense, the term “personality” refers to all the personal and moral characteristics that determine the way a person thinks, feels and acts in his or her social and personal relations. These traits include a vast variety of attitudes and attributes, such as: shyness, generosity, patience, flexibility, sadness, humor, cheerfulness, selfishness, independence and aggressiveness. Most people are a mix of positive and negative traits. Personality traits that are valued in one culture may be frowned upon in another culture. Most research tends to suggest that our basic personality is inherited but that many factors shape and mould our personality as we grow mature. Recognizing ones strengths and weaknesses is an important step in the process of personal development.In recent years, various studies have shown that health and personality are interrelated. In constantly looking at the dark side of things, pessimists can become discouraged to feel helpless; optimists, on the other hand, attempt to make the best of a situation. 2. Mr. and Miss So and SoDirections: Work in pairs to complete these imaginary names to form adjectives that describe a persons personality.3. Personality and JobWords used to describe a persons personality. aggressive, amiable, arrogant, artful, brave, broad-minded, carefree, caring, cheerful, compassionate, competitive, conservative, courageous, demanding, determined, dominant, dynamic, egocentric, extroverted, flexible, generous, idle,light-hearted, lively, logical, loyal, malicious, mean, moody, outgoing, passionate, practical, proud, rational, realistic, reserved, ruthless, self-centered, sinister, spiteful, strong-willed, unscrupulous, vain, violent, well-organizedDirections: Discuss with your partner and decide the personality traits that you think would make an ideal person for the following job. Words and phrases1. accent v. to emphasize a part of something 强调，使突出1) Skillful use of make-up can accent your cheekbones and hide small blemishes.2) The side tables were accented by fresh flower arrangements.accent n. a way of pronouncing the words of a language that shows which country, area or social class a person comes from 口音，腔调1) a northern/Dublin/Indian/Scottish accent2) a strong/broad accent (= one that is very noticeable) 3) She spoke English with an accent.2. a special importance that is given to something 强调，注重 In all our products, the accent is on quality.3. the emphasis that you should give to part of a word when saying it 重音 In “today”, the accent is on the second syllable.acquaintance n. a person whom one knows but who is not a close friend 相识的人，泛泛之交1) He has a wide circle of acquaintances.2) She is an old acquaintance.have a passing/nodding acquaintance with sb./sth. I must admit I have only a passing acquaintance with his books.make sb.s acquaintance / make the acquaintance of sb. I made his acquaintance at a party.circulate v.1. to move around within a system, or to make something do this 循环，环行 1) Ceiling fans circulated warm air around the room. 2) The condition prevents the blood from circulating freely. 2. if information, facts, ideas etc. circulate, they become known by many people 传播，流传 Rumors began circulating that the Prime Minister was seriously ill.3. to talk to a lot of different people in a group, especially at a party 交往 I circulated among the guests during the party.contrast n.1. a difference between people, ideas, situations, things etc. that are being compared 对比，对照1) While there are similarities in the two cultures, there are also great contrasts.2) The birth rate for older women has declined, but, by contrast, births to teenage mothers have increased.3) The stock lost 60 cents a share, in contrast to last year, when it gained 21 cents.4) The economic and social contrasts between the poor and the rich.2. something that is very different from something else: 形成对比的人或物1) The sauce is quite sweet, so add dried thyme as a contrast.2) The red stems of this bush provide a contrast to the drab brown of the winter garden.3. the degree of difference between the light and dark parts of a television picture, X-ray, photocopy etc.: 对比度，反差1) This button adjusts the contrast.2) The chemical heightens contrast between different kinds of tissue in the breast.contrast v.1. if two things contrast, the difference between them is very easy to see and is sometimes surprising 形成对比 1) The snow was icy and white, contrasting with the brilliant blue sky. 2) These results contrast sharply with other medical tests carried out in Australia.2. to compare two things, ideas, people etc. to show how different they are from each other 使成对比，使成对照 1) In another passage, Melville again contrasts the land with the sea. 2) The documentary contrasts the reality of war with its romanticized image.dwell (vi.) (dwelt or dwelled) (Line 31, Para. 4) 1) dwell in /at: reside 居住 2) dwell on / upon: think, speak or write at length about 凝思；详细；论述；仔细研究不要过分沉溺在痛苦的回忆之中。dwell too much on Dont _ painful memories我们的眼睛凝视着美丽的夕阳。dwelled onOur eyes _ the beautiful sunset.My grandma dwells in the country. 我奶奶_乡下。住在1. live in a particular place 居住 1) A woodsman and his family dwelt in the middle of the forest. 2) For ten years she dwelled among the nomads of North America.2. dwell on/upon sth. think, speak or write at length about something, especially something unpleasant 老是想着，细想；细述，唠叨 1) That is not a subject I want to dwell on. 2) Dont dwell on the pasttry and be more positive.3. city/urban/town/flat/cave/forest dweller City-dwellers suffer higher pollution levels.eliminate (v.) (Line 25, Para. 4) eliminate from: remove 除去；删除；淘汰他已被取消了游泳比赛资格，因为他在训练中没有得到名次。He has been _because he did not win any of the practice races. eliminated from the swimming race 那位建筑师在估算房子的价格时未曾把家具考虑在内。The architect _ in figuring the cost of the house. eliminated the cost of furniture eliminate (vt.) remove or get rid of completely 消除reduce (vt.) make less in size, amount, price, degree 减少，降低diminish (vt. vi.) (cause to ) become less in size or importance 减少，降低重要性请选择 eliminate, reduce 或 diminish 的适当形式填空。We cant _ the use of paper but we can eliminatecertainly _ the amount of paper we waste. reduceI _ my weight by going on a diet. reducedI dont want to _ her achievements, but she did have a lot of help. diminishThe threat of nuclear war has _. diminishedexcessively (adv.) (Line 3, Para. 1) in an excessive amount, to an excessive degree 过分地，过度地，非常地我不多喝酒。I dont drink excessively晚会的噪音非常地大。The noise from the party is excessively loud.excessive (adj.) 过多的，过分的，额外的 excess (n.) 过度，剩余，超额，超过exceed (v.) 超过，胜过守门员因持球时间过长而受罚。The goal-keeper was punished for _ excessive possession of ball他吃得很好，但不过多。He ate well, but not _. to excess你拆阅那些信件是越权行为。You are _ in opening those letters exceeding your duty Impression n. 1. impression (of sb./sth.) / impression (that) an idea, a feeling or an opinion that you get about sb./sth., or sb./sth. gives you 印象；感想；模糊的观念1) She gives the impression of being very busy.2) I did not get the impression that they were unhappy about the situation. 2. impression (on sb.) the effect that an experience or a person has on sb./sth. 效果；影响1) His trip to India made a strong impression on him. 2) My words made no impression on her.give/create/convey an impression leave somebody with an impression / leave an impression (on somebody) have/get the impression (that) make an impression (on somebody) (=make someone admire or remember you) first/initial impression (=the impression you get when you see someone or something for the first time) good/favorable impression bad/false/wrong/misleading impression lasting/indelible impression overall/general impression inferiority (n.) (Line 20, Para. 3) the quality of condition of being inferior; lower rank or state 低劣inferior (adj.) (常与 to 连用，无比较级、最高级形式)次的；劣等的；较劣的我发现难以摆脱一种社会自卑感。I found it difficult to shake off _. a sense of social inferiority巴特曾非常自卑，以至于觉得自己不如见过的任何一个受过教育的人。to be inferior toBarter had been so humiliated that he felt himself _ every educated man he met.reasonable (adj.) (Line 42, Para. 7) 1) having ordinary common sense; able to reason 有普通常识的；能推理的；合乎做事道理的 2) moderate 适度的；不多不少的你认为让人们每周工作60小时以上是合理的吗? Do you think it reasonable to expect people to work more than 60 hours a week?她不得不给自己的迟到找一个合理的借口。She cannot but find a re