土壤基本性质重要公式.doc

一、土壤基本性質重要公式： Gs S e 1. m = w 1 e e 2. n = 1 e 3. S e = G s w 4. Dr=(emaxe)/(emaxemin) 5.w = 1 g/cm3 = 1 t/m3 = 1000 kg/m3 = 9.8 KN/m3 = 62.4 #/ft3 6.Weathering: H20+CO2 H2CO3 H+ + (HCO3)_二、土壤分類重要公式： 1.cu/c = 0.11 + 0.0037(PI) (Skempton, 1957) 2. Cc = 0.009(LL-10) (Skempton, 1944) 3.a = n 35 b = n 15 c = LL 40 d = PI 10 GI = 0.2 a + 0.005 a c + 0.01 b d 或 GI=(F200-35)0.2+0.005(LL -40)+0.01(F200-15)(PI-10) A-2-6或A-2-7用GI=0.01(F200-15)(PI-10) 4.Cu及Cd之定義：Uniformity coefficient Cu = D60D10 Coefficient of gradation Cd = (D30) 2 (D10D60)三、滲流重要公式：1. k = C1 D102 k：cm/sec，D10：cm，C1：100150(1/cmsec)2. q = kavg h ( Nf / Nd ) ， xt= 3.qk i A 四、有效應力重要公式：1.=- uw2.Seed 液化潛能評估 (avg/0) = 0.65(Amax/g)(0/0)rd F.S.= (/0) /(avg/0)五、壓密重要公式：1. U= (1-u/ui)100%=(S/S)100%2. av = -e/3. mv = av/(1+e0) 4.k = Cv mv w Cv t5. T v = H 2 ( ) n 6.U60% Tv=(/4)U2，T50=0.196 7.U60% Tv= - 0.9332 log (1-U) - 0.0851，T90=0.848 e e0 e 8.Cc = = log 0 l o g 0 9.NC Clay(c=0 ) Cc 0 + H = H log 1 + e0 0 10.OC Clay(c0 )且(c0 +) Cs 0 + H = H log 1 + e0 0 11.OC Clay(c0 )且(c0 +) Cs c Cc 0 + H = H log + H log 1 + e0 0 1 + ec c 12.UC Clay(c0) Cc 0 + H = H log 1 + e0 c e 13. H = H 1 + e0 14. H = H mv 六、剪力強度重要公式： 1. 1 = 3 tan2(45+/2) + 2 c tan (45+/2) 2. 3 = 1 tan2 (45-/2) - 2 c tan (45-/2) 3. =(1+3)/2+(1-3)/2 cos24. =(1-3)/2sin25. =c+tan6. =2-90 7.=2 tan-1(m-45) 8. c = /( 2 m) m - 1 =sin-1() m + 1 T 9. cu = D2 ( h / 2 + D /6 )七、土壤品質控制重要公式： Gs w Gs w1. d = = 1 e 1 Gs w / S Gs w = 1 Gs w2.R.C.= (d/dmax) 100%3.D = (1Pc) Df + 0.9 Pc Dc R.C.= (d/D ) 100%4.若不含礫石之土壤乾單位重為d1，無空氣孔隙之礫石乾單位重為d2，將土壤重Ws1與礫石重Ws2以混合比P =Ws2/(Ws1+Ws2)混合，試證明混合後之土壤與礫石之乾單位重d d1 d2 d = P d1 +(1 - P)d2 當 P = 0 d=d1 當 P = 1 d=d2八、土壓力重要公式：1. 1 = 3 tan2(45+/2) + 2 c tan (45+/2) p = z tan2(45+/2) + 2 c tan (45+/2) p = z Kp + 2 c Pp=(1/2)H2 Kp + 2 cH 2. 3 = 1 tan2(45-/2) - 2 c tan (45-/2) a =z tan2(45-/2) - 2 c tan (45-/2) a =z Ka - 2 c Pa =(1/2)H2 Ka - 2 cH3. Z = hc = (2 c/) tan (45+/2)4.H=Hcr= (4 c/)tan (45+/2)Wall friction Angle(2/3)九、邊坡穩定重要公式：1. m = c/(Hcr)2. Ns = (Hcr )/c=1/m十、壓力傳播重要公式：1.z = (q L B ) / ( L + Z ) ( B + Z ) 2.z = (q L B) / ( L + 2 Z tan30) (B + 2 Z tan30)3.z = (Q / Z 2 ) ( 3 / 2) / 1 + ( r / Z ) 2 5 / 2 4.z = q 1 - 1 / 1 + ( R / Z ) 2 3 / 2 十一、承載力重要公式：1. qu = f1 c Nc + 1Df Nq + f22B N2. qu = c Nc ， Nc=5(1+0.2B/L)(1+0.2Df/B)3.F.S.= qu / q4.F.S.= c Nc/(qt-H)5.F.S.= qu / q6.F.S.= 2c/(H + q)7.F.S.= c Nc/(H + q)8.Nature Bearing capacity failure: a.General shear failure b.Local shear failure c.Punching shear failure9.粘土 qult = qP Hf = Hp (Bf / Bp ) K= q /H Kf = Kp (Bp /Bf)10.砂土 qult = qP (Bf / Bp) Hf =Hp2Bf/(Bf + Bp )2 K=q/H Kf = Kp (Bf + Bp ) /(2Bf)2)十二、地質調查重要公式： D02 - Di21. A r = 100 % Di2 L 10 cm 岩塊總長2. RQD = 100 % 鑽心長度3.鑽探深度之決定z =0.1o4.N值有效應力修正 35a. o10.5t/m2 N = N(-) o+7b.o15十三、淺基礎重要公式：1. 梯形形心公式 z =(h/3)(a+2b)/(a + b) z=距下底 a=下底 b=上底 h=高2. 即時沉陷量 Hi = q B (1-2) / E Iw3. eB/6 qmax= Q/BL+6M/e eB/6 qmax= 2Q/3mL，m=(B/2-e)十四、深基礎重要公式：1. Converse-Labarre公式e=1-(m-1)n+(n-1)m/(90 m n) ，=tan-1(d/s) Drilled-pier and Caisson Foundation Open Caisson Box Caisson Pneumatic Caisson Reference Beam Test pile 十五、基礎開挖與擋土支撐：A.Retain Wall：1.Gravity Wall2.Semigravity Wall3.Cantilever Wall 4.Conterfort WallB.Stability Check 1.Overturning2.Sliding failure3.Bearing capacity4.settlement5.Overall stabilityC.ShoringkeyWeepholeStrutWalePostLaggingWedgeSolider beamAnchord tie rodDredge lineHydraulic jack Anchord pile十六、排水、地盤改良與監測系統：1.試依Kozeny之經驗公式估計抽取地下水位之影響圈半徑?細砂之滲透係數k= 210-5 cm/sec，孔隙率n= 0.5抽水量 q = 0.01 m3/sec，抽水時間 t = 2 個月 【 答 】：56 公尺 (4-5) d15 D15 (4-5) d85 (Terzaghi and Peck, 1967)前半段：Excessive hydrostatic pressure head is not create in the soil 後半段：The soil to be protected is not washed into the filter2.Soil Improvement：Chemical Churning PileFilter sandGroutingVibroflotation MethodSand DrainSoil and lime間之Pozzolanic reaction：Ca(OH)2 + SiO2 CSH (CaO,SiO2,H2O)Stone ColumnsDynamic CompationPrecompression Method3.Strain gage