Thinking-skills.docx

键入文档标题THINKING SKILLSDuring our course，we have learned some thinking skills, such, questioning skill, mind mapping, teacher also told us something about these skills. For the questioning skill, we can use the open-ended questions and closed-ended questions to ask some questions to gain what we want to know or understand, but a good question must be informative, simple and concise, and also must evoke thinking and within the control. iceberg theory, we should understand someones true feeling through his or her external performance. In ancient times, the ancients thought that ear, eyes, heart and undivided attention consist of the listen, and now, we use the mouth and evaluation to explain the listen, but, in a word, we need to listen to others carefully so that we can understand others more and gain what e want to know. So, we should be brave, curious, empathic, objective and positive to ask questions, and also we can use open-ended questions. And we also learned the mind mapping, this method can use our whole brain to think divergent. The picture like a nerve center when you use mind mapping method to think to draw.The next is my personal understanding. I learned some other information about thinking skills. Six hats, the method involves visualizing six imaginary hats each representing a distinctive way of thinking or mental role playing. The hats are :White hat: neutral color representing information. A person wearing a white hat is taking an objective look at the information available before acting.Red hat: a warm, passionate color representing feelings. When wearing the red hat, feelings, emotions or intuition are in control.Black hat: logical, negative color associated with law and justice. Wearing a black hat means taking a logical, stern and no nonsense approach.Yellow hat: associated with sunshine and optimism. Wearing a yellow hat means you look positively at the benefits in a good frame of mindGreen hat: as in new growth. Wearing the green hat suggests creativity and new, untried ideas. New ideas spring up in this thinking mode.Blue hat: as in sky blue. A cool, detached look at the thought process is in action when the blue hat is being worn. That is , control over the thinking process.There are numerous benefits to the six hat framework for creative thinking. For example, by separating these modes, people can avoid muddled thinking involving a mix of differing modes. It also allows the ego to be separated from performance. Overall, the six hats encourage constructive thinking and collaborative thinking by groups of people.The hats are most effective when they are used one at a time to examine a subject from a number of different perspectives. The benefit of the framework comes when people swap the hats. The six pairs of action shoes follow on from the six hats for creative thinking.Brain storming is a group creativity technique designed to generate a large number of ideas for the solution to a problem. The method was first popularized in the late 1930s by Alex Faickney Osborn. Osborn proposed that groups could double their creative output by using the method of brain storming.There are four basic rules in brainstorming. These are intended to reduce the social inhibitions that occur in groups and therefore stimulate the generation of new ideas. The expected result is a dynamic synergy that will dramatically increase the creativity of the group.l Focus on quantity: This rule is a means of enhancing divergent production, aiming to facilitate problem solving through the maxim, quantity breeds quality. The assumption is that the greater the number of ideas generated, the greater the chance of producing a radical and effective solution. l No criticism: It is often emphasized that in group brainstorming, criticism should be put on hold. Instead of immediately stating what might be wrong with an idea, the participants focus on extending or adding to it, reserving criticism for a later critical stage of the process. By suspending judgment, one creates a supportive atmosphere where participants feel free to generate unusual ideas. l Unusual ideas are welcome: To get a good and long list of ideas, unusual ideas are welcomed. They may open new ways of thinking and provide better solutions than regular ideas. They can be generated by looking from another perspective or setting aside assumptions. l Combine and improve ideas: Good ideas can be combined to form a single very good idea, as suggested by the slogan 1+1=3. This approach is assumed to lead to better and more complete ideas than merely generating new ideas alone. It is believed to stimulate the building of ideas by a process of association.Morphological analysis: put a problem down into some mind dependent of each other factors, and to think these all factors divergently.lateral thinking : Dr.Edward de Bono defines “lateral thinking” as a way of thinking which involves disrupting an apparent thinking sequence and arriving at the solution from another angle. Lateral thinking attempts to break traditional notions which develop vertical or conditional thinking. Conditional thinking fails you in exploring the other possibilities or probably the best ideasThere are several ways of defining lateral thinking, ranging from the technical to the illustrative. 1. You cannot dig a hole in a different place by digging the same hole deeper 2. Lateral Thinking is for changing concepts and perceptions3. The brain as a self-organising information system forms asymmetric patterns. In such systems th