现在完成时态.doc

现在完成时态 一构成：助动词 have(has)+动词的过去分词构成。二用法（1）表示动作发生在过去某个不确定的时间，但对现在留下了某种影响和结果。常被just、already、yet 等副词修饰。如： Yesterday I finished my homework, thats to say, I have finished my homework now. I have already had lunch. And Ive just had it.（2）表示从过去某一时刻开始, 一直持续到现在的动作或状态。这个动作可能刚停止，可能仍然在进行。常带有for和since等表示一段时间的状语。 如：I have lived here since 1990.I havet seen her for four years. 1） 他已经做完作业了。 2）我已经把信寄出去了3）刚刚下过雨，地面还是湿的。 4）我曾经读过这个故事。5）我还没有完成作业。 6）我以前从未见过他。7）我认识他三年了。 8）自从2011年我们就住这儿。9）到目前为止，我学英语三年了。10）近来，我没见到他。三 现在完成时的四个基本句型 肯定句 He has finished the work. 一般疑问句 Has he finished the work? 否定句 He has not finished the work. 两回答 Yes ,he has. No, he hasnt. 特殊疑问句 What has he done?四在下列情形下用现在完成时1.already, just 和yet表示动作或状态已经、刚刚或还没有发生。already 已经 just 刚刚 肯定句中或句尾 例: I have already found my pen. = I have found my pen already. I have just finished my homework.=I have finished my homework just.yet已经 否定句和疑问句句尾例：I have not finished the work yet. Have you bought a computer yet?2.ever和never表示到现在为止动作或状态曾经或从来没有发生过ever曾经 句中 例：Have you ever seen pandas?never从不 句中 例：I have never been to Beijing.3.表次数的词。many times, twice, three times 等，表示到目前为止，某事发生了次。 I have visited Beijing many times. I have seen him twice.4.一些表时间的词：so far=by now, recently, before, in the last/past ten yearsbefore以前 句尾 例：I have never been there before.so far到目前为止 句首 例：So far he has learnt 200 words. recently 近来，最近 例：Recently, I havent seen him. . In the last/past . In last 3 months, I have learned to look after myself. They have planted many trees in the last few years.5. for+一段时间、since结构 for two monthsfor +一段时间Jim has lived here for 2 months.since last yearsince +过去点时间Lucy has lived in Beijing since 3 years ago.since 3 years agosince 1990since he came heresince +过去时态句子He has lived in China since he came here.一.用since和for填空1._two years 2._two years ago 3._last month 4._ 1999 5._yesterday 6._ 4 oclock7._4 hours 8._an hour ago 9._we were children 10._ lunch time 11._ she left here12. He has lived in Nanjing _- the year before last.13. Ive known him _ we were children.14. Our teacher has studied Japanese _ three years.15. She has been away from the city _ about ten years.16. Its about ten years _ she left the city.6.现在完成时态还常常用于下列句型 This is the best book I have ever read. It is the first time I have played the computer games. 五延续性动词和费延续性动词延续性动词：表示的动作是能延续的动作，这种动作可以延续下去或产生持久的影响。如：learn work stand lie know walk keep have wait watch sing read sleep live非延续性动词：也叫非延续性动词，瞬间动词，一次性动词。表示的动作不能延续，即动作发生后立即结束，产生某种结果。在有了某种结果后，动作就不能再继续下去。如：leave start set out arrive reach get to begin stop shut turn off marry put put on get up wake fall join meet receivefinish end complete become come go die open close break give jump buy borrow在现在完成时中，一次性动词即费延续性动词不能和一段时间状语连用 例：He has bought the book for 3 years.（错）改正的办法有五种： He has bought the book. (去掉一段时间for 3 years) He bought the book 3 years ago (改为一般过去时，使句子的意思不变) Its 3 years since he bought the book.（改为固定句型 It is -since-） He has had the book for 3 years. （用延续性动词have代替buy）come/arrive/get to/reach be here例：I have come here for 3 years.（错） 改为：I have been here for 3 years.leave/go be away例：He has left for 3 hours.（错） 改为：He has been away for 3 hours.begin/start be on 例：The film has begun for 3 minutes.（错） 改为：The film has been on for 3 minutes.open be open / close be closed例：The shop has opened for 3 years.(错) 改为：The shop has been open for 3 years.die be dead例：His father has died for 3 years.(错) 改为：His father has been dead for 3 years.finish/end be over 例：He has finished the work for 3 days.(错) 改为：The work has been over for 3 daysjoin 例：I have joined the army for 3 years.（错） 改为：I have been in the army for 3 years. 或I have been a soldier for 3 years.buy /catch have例：I have bought the bike for 3 years.（错）改为：I have had the bike for 3 years. 例：He has caught a cold for 3 days.（错） 改为：He has had a cold for 3 days.borrow keep例：I have borrowed the book for 3 years. （错）改为：I have kept the book for 3 years.现归纳总结一下由非延续性动词到延续性动词的转换fall asleep (ill) be asleep (ill) get to know knowbegin,(start)be on open be open buy have get up be up die be dead go out be out come be in closebe closed arrivebe here joinbe in, be a +名词 finish( end )be over leave, move be away, borrow keep go to schoolbe a student catch(a cold) have(a cold) begin to studystudy come backbe back put onwear 或be on 六两词组 havegone to去了某地 例：He has gone to Beijing (去了北京) havebeen to去过某地 例：He has been to Beijing. (去过北京)七练习（一）用所给动词的适当形式填空1.Thanks a lot. Its sunny again. It _(rain) for a long time.2._Mr. Li _(live) here since 8 years old?3.Since Mr. Li came here, he _(teach) in this school.4. Its the third time that I _(see) him this month.5. Is your mother at home? -No, she _(go) to work.6.Her mother _(become)a doctor in 1970. She _(work) in the hospital since 26 years old.7.He _(teach) English here since we _(see) him 5 years ago.8.-How many times _you _(be) to Beijing?-Only once. I _(go) there two years ago.9.Ive lost my cat. _you ever _(see) it anywhere?10. My parents are not at home. They _(leave) for Shanghai.11. Wait here, please. The train _(not arrive) yet.12. Where is my dictionary? -Li Ping _(take) it away.13. I _(lose) my pen, and I _(look)for it now.14. I _(not see) such a strange thing before.15. He joined the Party in 1990. He _(be) a party member for 10 years.16.- How long _Uncle Wang _(work) in this factory? -Since 1995.17.So far the children _(learn) 1,000 English words.18._you _(mend) your bike? -Yes. I mended it a moment ago.19. Ill tell him the news that our class _(win) already.20.She _(stay) here for over 5 years.21.The box is empty. Who _(eat) all the cakes?22. He has found his bike .When _he _(find) it?23.Her sister _ (go) to Shanghai. She _(leave) this morning.24. My friend Wang Hai often _ (swim) in the river.25. The teacher _ (reach) Beijing two days ago.（二）每处划线中有错误，在题后改正1. Jim has bought the book for just 3 days.2. Uncle Wang has died for 3 years.3. I have gone to Beijing three times.4. Jim isnt here. He has been to Beijing. He went there this morning.5. She has lived there since 8 years.6. Has he been a teacher for 1990?7. I lived here since 3 months ago.8. Have you finished the work yet? -Yes, I did.9. Jims brothers has made many kinds