Unit 2 Education.doc

Unit 2 EducationSection AWord Pretest1. A hill of beans: anything; valueless things2. I havent a bean. I have no money.3. Flaunt flo:nt : If you flaunt your possessions, abilities, or qualities, youdisplay them in a obvious way in order to try to obtain other peoples attention or to shock them. Show off4. Addled: if something addles someones mind or brain, or if someone is addled, they are confused and unable to think properly.5. Checkered: chequered; has had a checkered career or history, they have had a varied past with periods of difficulty or failure as well as times when they have been successful or popular.Text I Its Never too Late for Success1. Be far from: long way to go to be2. A beatnik was a type of young person in the late 1950s who wore strange clothes and had unconventional beliefs rather than traditional ones, sometimes used to show disapproval3. Be given to sth: have a particular habit or tendency; addicted to4. Indecision: is uncertainty about what you should do, where you should go, how you should behave, etc.5. Promise: is a sign or indication of something, for example success, that will or may happen in the future.6. Show no promise of: show no indication or sign of7. Hold little promise8. Show considerable promise9. Never amount to a hill of beans: never become a very important person. become somebody;10. Cite: mention; quoteA man they dont tell you about11. Ruffle: make something uneven12. Ruffled: something no longer smooth or neat; crumpled13. If someone is ruffled, they are surprised, confused or annoyed14. Justly: reasonably; justifiably15. Formative: a formative periodof time or influence is one which has important and lasting influence on a persons character and attitudesE.g. This person may well become the most formative influence on the young childs developing personality.16. become fired with a great passion for: become crazy for sth with great zealPyotrIlyich Tchaikovsky/takfski/ (Russian: a 1) (May 7, 1840 November 6, 1893a 2) was a Russian composer of the Romantic era. His wide-ranging output includes symphonies, operas, ballets, instrumental, chamber music and songs. He wrote some of the most popular concert and theatrical music in the classical repertoire, including the ballets Swan Lake, The Sleeping Beauty and The Nutcracker, the 1812 Overture, hismayFirst Piano Concerto, his last three numbered symphonies, and the opera Eugene Onegin.The Mayo(梅奥) brothers were Charles Horace Mayo and William James Mayo, who with the help of their partners, co-founded the Mayo Clinic. The original partners in the practice were the Mayo brothers, Drs. Stinchfield, Judd, Graham, Plummer, Millet and Balfour. In 1919, the remaining partners in the private practice established the Mayo Properties Association and became a not-for-profit institution. The Mayo Clinic grew out of this private practice, which was originally started by the Mayos father, William Worrall Mayo, in 1863 in Rochester, Minnesota, USAHarvey威廉斯Cushing (4月8日, 1869 - 10月7日, 1939)是美国人神经外科医师并且先驱脑子手术。他广泛被认为20世纪的最了不起的神经外科医师和经常告诉了现代神经外科学的“父亲”。Harvey Williams Cushing was born in Cleveland, Ohio, the sixth son and the tenth child (seven lived to maturity) of Henry Kirke Cushing and Betsey Maria Williams Cushing. The Cushing family on the paternal side originated from Gravesend, England. Matthew Cushing, a deacon(执事), emigrated to Boston in 1638. His great grandfather David (1768-1814) was country doctor, his grandfather Erastus (1802-1893) was also a general practitioner（医师）. His father, a stern puritanical宗教道德上极端拘谨的 doctor, combined a large practice with the professorship of midwifery, diseases of women, and medical jurisprudence (法医学）at Cleveland Medical College and was also for many years a trustee（理事）of Case Western Reserve University. Reserved with his children, he left much responsibility for their upbringing to his wife, a gracious, highly intelligent woman quite capable of the task. He imposed strict discipline in his household and provided comfortably for physical needs - generously for education. Harveys mother came from a pioneer mid-western stock. One son entered the law, anothergeology; two became physicians. They attended the Presbyterian church,基督教的长老会 public schools in Cleveland, and eastern universities for their college and post-graduate training.Edison Was “Addled”1. Addled: confused and unable to think properly2. So it goes. Yes, its. 就是这样3. Be brilliant at: be excellent at4. To qualify for: have the right to have it or to do it5. 物理学巨人EnricoFermi-Enrico Fermi (29 September 1901 28November 1954) was an Italian physicist, particularlyremembered for his work on the development of the first nuclear reactor, and for his contributions to the development of quantum theory, nuclear and particle physics, and statistical mechanics. Awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1938 for his work on induced radioactivity, Fermi is widely regarded as one of the leading scientists of the 20th century, highly accomplished in both theory and experiment.Fermium, a synthetic element creat-ed in 1952, the Fermi National Accelerator Lab, the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope, and a type of particles called fermions are named after him.阿尔贝特施韦泽（AlbertSchweitzer，18751965），德国哲学家、神学家、医生、管风琴演奏家、社会活动家、人道主义者，Albert SchweitzerOM (14 January 1875 4 September 1965) was an Alsatiantheologian, organist, philosopher, physician, and medical missionary. He was born in Kaysersberg in the province of Alsace-Lorraine, at that time part of the German Empire. Schweitzer, a Lutheran路德教(派)的, challenged both the secular（现世） view of Jesus as depicted by historical-critical methodology（研究法）current at his time in certain academic circles, as well as the traditional Christian view. He depicted Jesus as one who literally believed the end of the world was coming in his own lifetime and believed himself to be a world savior. He received the 1952 Nobel Peace Prize for his philosophy of Reverence for Life,1expressed in many ways, but most famously in founding and sustaining the Albert Schweitzer Hospital in Lambarn兰巴雷, now in Gabon加蓬, west central Africa (then French Equatorial Africa). As a music scholar and organist, he studied the music of German composer Johann Sebastian Bach and influenced the Organ reform movement (Orgelbewegung).Schweitzers passionate quest（pursuit） was to discover a universal ethical(伦理的)philosophy, anchored in(rely on) a universal reality, and make it directly available to all of humanityDarwin Hated School1. be a mess: in a mess; in a chaos2. be a disgrace to yourself and all your family: you make them feel ashamed of you3. stand the sight of: cannot bear to witness or see the scene of 4. divinity school: 神学院5. whereupon: directly after; and thenCharles Darwin and the Beagle adventure : countries visited during the voyage round the world of HMS Beagle under the command of Captain Fitzroy, Royal NavyFaulkner Failed in English1. in the cradle: was born with2. go smoothly: develop easily without difficulties3. have about as checkered a youth as can be imagined4. a stretch: a period of time5. He got there just the same. He made it as the others; achieved the same goal.6. Infuriate: irritate7. Populace: ordinary people; civilian; citizen8. Just to show: it is proved that9. Make it a point to do sth: make a point of doing sth: do sth in a very deliberate way, especially so that other people will notice your behaviorHerbert Clark Hoover (August 10, 1874 October 20, 1964) was the 31stPresident of the United States (19291933).赫伯特克拉克胡佛 （1874年8月10日- 1964年10月20日） 是第31届美国总统（1929年至1933年）Herbert Hoover Son of a Quaker blacksmith, Herbert Clark Hoover brought to the Presidency an unparalleled reputation for public service as an engineer, administrator, and humanitarian.Born in an Iowa village in 1874, he grew up in Oregon. He enrolled at Stanford University when it opened in 1891, graduating as a mining engineer.He married his Stanford sweetheart, Lou Henry, and they went to China, where he worked for a private corporation as Chinas leading engineer. In June 1900 the Boxer Rebellion caught the Hoovers in Tientsin. For almost a month the settlement was under heavy fire. While his wife worked in the hospitals, Hoover directed the building of barricades, and once risked his life rescuing Chinese childrenHerbert Clark Hoover (August 10, 1874 October 20, 1964) was the 31stPresident of the United States (19291933). Hoover was originally a professional mining engineer and author. As the United States Secretary of Commerce in the 1920s under Presidents Warren Harding and Calvin Coolidge, he promoted partnerships between government and business under the rubric（title） economic modernization. In the presidential election of 1928, Hoover easily won the Republican nomination, despite having no previous elected office experience. To date, Hoover is the last cabinet secretary to be directly elected President of the United States, as well as one of only two Presidents (along with William Howard Taft) to have been elected without previous electoral experience or high military rank. America was prosperous and optimistic at the time, leading to a landslide（压倒的优胜）victory for Hoover over Democrat Al Smith.Hoover, a trained engineer, deeply believed in the Efficiency Movement, which held that government and the economy were riddled with inefficiency and waste, and could be improved by experts who could identify the problems and solve them. When the Wall Street Crash of 1929 struck less than eight months after he took office, Hoover tried to combat the ensuing （following）Great Depression with volunteer efforts, public works projects such as the Hoover Dam, tariffs such as the Smoot-Hawley Tariff, and raising the top tax bracket from 25% to 63% 1 none of which produced economic recovery during his term. The consensus among historians is that Hoovers defeat in the 1932 election was caused primarily by failure to end the downward economic spiral. As a result of these factors, Hoover is ranked poorly among former US Presidents哈里杜鲁门（1884年5月8日- 1972年12月26日）的第33届美国总统（1945年至1953年）Harry S. Truman During his few weeks as Vice President, Harry S Truman scarcely saw President Roosevelt, and received no briefing on the development of the atomic bomb or the unfolding difficulties with Soviet Russia. Suddenly these and a host of other wartime problems became Trumans to solve when, on April 12, 1945, he became President. He told reporters, I felt like the moon, the stars, and all the planets had fallen on me.Truman was born in Lamar, Missouri, in 1884. He grew up in Independence, and for 12 years prospered as a Missouri farmer.He went to France during World War I as a captain in the Field Artillery炮队. Returning, he married Elizabeth Virginia Wallace, and opened a haberdashery男子服饰用品店in Kansas City.Active in the Democratic Party, Truman was elected a judge of the Jackson County Court (an administrative position) in 1922. He became a Senator in 1934. During World War II he headed the Senate war investigating committee, checking into waste and corruption and saving perhaps as much as 15 billion dollars.As President, Truman made some of the most crucial decisions in history. Soon after V-E Day（Victory in Europe Day）, the war against Japan had reached its final stage. An urgent plea to Japan to surrender was rejected. Truman, after consultations with his advisers, ordered atomic bombs dropped on cities devoted to war work. Two were Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Japanese surrender quickly followed.In June 1945 Truman witnessed the signing of the charter of the United Nations, hopefully established to preserve peace.Truman, in sharp contrast to the imperious Roosevelt who kept personal control of all major decisions, was a folksy, unassuming president who relied on his cabinet. He popularized such phrases as The buck stops here（the decision has to be 。 buck stops with me，意为：问题止于我） and If you cant stand the heat, you better get out of the kitchen.2 His approval ratings in the polls started out very high, then steadily sank until he was one of the most unpopular men to leave the White House.34 Popular and scholarly assessments of his presidency eventually became more positive after his retirement from politics. Trumans legendary upset victory in 1948 over Thomas E. Dewey is routinely invoked by underdog打败了的选手 presidential candidatesThe saying the buck stops here derives from the slang expression pass the buck which means passing the responsibility on to someone else. The latter expression is said to have originated with the game of poker, in which a marker or counter, frequently in frontier days a knife with a buckhorn handle, was used to indicate the person whose turn it was to deal. If the player did not wish to deal he could pass the responsibility by passing the buck, as the counter came to be called, to the next player.*William Cuthbert Faulkner (born Falkner, September 25, 1897 July 6, 1962) was an American writer from Oxford, Mississippi. Faulkner worked in a variety of media; he wrote novels, short stories, a play, poetry, essays and screenplays during his career. He is primarily known and acclaimed for his novels and short stories, many of which are set in the fictional Yoknapatawpha County, a setting Faulkner created based on Lafayette County, where he spent most of his childhood.1Faulkner is considered one of the most important writers of the Southern literature of the United States, along with Mark Twain, Robert Penn Warren, Flannery OConnor, Truman Capote, Eudora Welty, Thomas Wolfe, Harper Lee and Tennessee Williams. Though his work was published as early as 1919, and largely during the 1920s and 1930s, Faulkner was relatively unknown until receiving the 1949 Nobel Prize in Literature.2 Two of his works, A Fable (1954) and his last novel The Reivers流氓好汉 (1962), both won the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction.In 1998, the Modern Library ranked his 1929 novel The Sound and the Fury sixth on its list of the 100 best English-language novels of the 20th century; also on the list were 1930s As I Lay Dying and Light in August (1932).赛珍珠（Pearl S. Buck或PearlBuck）（1892年6月26日1973年3月6日），直译珀尔巴克，美国作家Pearl Sydenstricker Buck (June 26, 1892 March 6, 1973) also known by her Chinese name SaiZhenzhu (Chinese: 賽珍珠; pinyin: SiZhnzh), was an award-winning American writer who spent most of her time until 1934 in China. Her novel The Good Earth was the best-selling fiction book in the U.S. in 1931 and 1932, and won the Pulitzer Prize in 1932. In 1938, she became the first American woman to be awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature, for her rich and truly epic descriptions of peasant life in China and for her biographical masterpieces.埃德娜Ferber的加盟（8月15日，1885年- 1968年4月16日）是美国小说家，短故事的作家，编剧及填词人Edna Ferber (August 15, 1885 April 16, 1968) was an American novelist, short story writer and playwright. Her novels were especially popular and included the Pulitzer Prize-winning So Big (1924), Show Boat (1926; made into the celebrated 1927 musical), and Giant (1952; made into the 1956 Hollywood movie).Edna Ferber was a very successful and well known writer of short stories, novels and plays. Her novels reflected the growth of many regions of the United States. In all of her writings, Ferber portrayed the heroine as being aggressive, assertive and successful. She was born on August 15, 1885, in Kalamazoo, Michigan, the second of two daughters of Julia and Jacob Charles Ferber. Her father was a Hungarian immigrant who had a family store. His sight and health caused the family to move a number of times to different cities until he died. In her autobiography, Ferber describes some of the anti-Semitism she experienced when she was a young girl. Her father wouldnt come home for lunch from the store on Saturdays. She would bring him a full hot lunch and she had to be careful so as to not spill the soup. As she walked down the street, the other children would taunt her with remarks like Here comes the sheeny! or The sheeny wets her bed! On the next street, she encountered men in their twenties who would make anti-Semitic remarks as she nervously walked by them. She was proud that she was Jewish. She recalls being one of eight to attend a dinner party of a society woman in New York. The woman didnt know that Ferber and two other guests were Jewish. She told them that she threw away a book when she learned that the author was Jewish. It was at this point that all three Jewish guests, including Ferber, told her that they were Jewish and walked out. She worked on a number of newspapers, going from one to another to enhance her position and gain experience. It was during this time that she became sick and while convalescing she started to write fiction. After selling her first story, her work was in demand. In 1912, her short stories were collected in volumes. Many reviewers thought that a man had written them but was using a womans name as a coverup. Ferber was proud of that charge because she believed that every writer should be judged by their writing and not their sex. Ferbers career as a playwright wasnt successful until she collaborated with George S. Kaufman. Their plays resulted in hits: Minick in 1924; The Royal Family in 1927; Dinner at Eight in 1932; Stage Door in 1936; and Show Boat in 1937, which was based on her novel. Ferber was awarded the Pulitzer Prize in 1924 for her first big seller, So Big, which sold over 300,000 copies. Her published works included two autobiographies, thirteen novels, eight plays, and many collections of short stories. Eight of her novels and two collections of short stories were made into films. Edna Ferber