孙伟老师英语学习提分宝典!.doc

/gzyy/ 高中部分免费视频课/free/skindex.asp 近期最新讲座免费视频课有这样一个故事 二战时，美军在法国澳马哈海滩登陆，遇到德军强大的火力，死伤无数，美军上校泰勒向士兵讲了这样一段话： There are two types of people in this beach (海滩)，the dead (死人) and those who are going to die. (在这个海滩上只有两种人：死人与将要死的人.) Follow me and try to get out of the hell！(地狱) 跟着我，冲出这地狱！战后，这句话成为美国的名言。在学习英语中，也同样只有两种人：失败的人与将要失败的人; Follow me and try to get out of the hell ! ! !LESSON SEVENTEEN阅读理解应试技巧策略及实战 -附应对要领表一张导言把简单变复杂是凡人，把复杂变简单是天才！阅读理解无论在高考、四级、雅思、考研都是占分最多的部份也是使用英语最平凡和最重要的技能，在了解英国人的写作习惯之后，将理论与实践结合起来就成为重要的一环,也是所有类形考试高分的关键。其实一个考生掌握阅读应试技巧，在单词量较少,英文阅读能力较弱的情况下同样可以获取高分。但其中的奥妙很难用一本不会说话的书来表达，这里只能尽力而为，详情可登陆孙老师课堂网站听音频讲解。孙老师特别提示：同学们可直接从后面实战练习入手，逐渐掌握应试技巧，然后再回头看应试技巧理论总结应对要领表，这样比较容易切入并理解。一、 理论总结应对要领表孙老师对阅读理解的两个基本要求1 正确率应在90%。2 五篇文章应控制在35分钟之内。（否则将没有时间完成其它部分的考试）阅读文章视觉上的分类1.信息类-内容：广告、计划书、通知、产品说明、查阅地图等 识别特点：文章不成段落，长短不一，有价钱电话号码，附有表格或地图 解题要领-只查不读 2.文章类-视觉上成段落。包括小论文，说明文，科技文章，人物介绍及讲故事等等。注：此类在试题中所占比例较大，比较复杂，需要应试技巧较多，是本课讲解重点。英文文章结构三项基本原则牢牢地抓住英文写作的“三步曲”l 中心l 举例说明 作者观点或文章结论注：以下总结多为条文，在记忆及理解上都有困难，但在实际考试中至关重要，同学们可在后面结合做题逐条理解并牢记心中。各中考试高分在握，切记！切记！如何抓住文章和句子的重心1. 围着中心转-中心 ( 第一句) 结论（最后一句）。2. 注意段落结构-段落中心(段落第一句)及段落结论（段落最后一句）。 3. 第二段第一句 有but “.” - today this day so yet therefore however .中心应在第二段第一句，第一段可不读。4. 注意连词 - but “.” - today this day now so yet therefore however.这些连词后为重心。5. 注意主从句 - 宾语从句看从句 状语从句看主句 定语从句看主句(先行词从句看懂一个就行)6. 并列疑问句或在一段中并列地名、人名、国名、一般最后一个为重心。并列多个形容词修饰名词时，最后一个为重心。（或最接近名词的）7. 在答案中A、B、C、D有三个至四个重复单词，此单词为重心（即关键词）阅读理解解题程序当你拿到一篇文章时，应按下列顺序解题：1 先将文章分类信息类，一般文章。注意：讲故事的文章中人物较多时，阅读时不可过快！造成反复阅读，欲速则不达-切记搞清人物关系非常重要，通常这样的文章要多花一些时间。2先扫一眼文章中的中文（如高考卷中常标出几个中文）。3抓住文章中心思想。4不读文章直接读问题，并将问题分类，按不同类型解题用不同的方法解题。一. 牢牢抓住中心围着中心转如何抓住文章中心(1) 文章的中心思想第一句，如第二句是 but “.” - today this day now so yet therefore however.应在第二句。 (2) 第二段第一句 but “.” - today this day so yet therefore ,中心应在第二段第一句，第一段可不读。 (3) 如第一段以人物故事开头, 第一段一般是引子,中心应在第二段。 (4) 如第一段第一句以介绍人物开头, 第一句应是引子.中心应第二句。二不读文章，直接读问题分类-孙老师特别提示：请同学们自己认真看一下下面的重要提示，并在实际阅读中运用，这一点相当重要。1. 文章的中心思想如问中心思想时，ABCD那个有中心词一般就是答案注意：1 如有两个选项中出现中心词-需认真推敲2 如出中心词的选项是否定时-需认真推敲,注重肯定旬。 3 中心题最好放在最后做。一但某一题不会做，跳过去，所有题选完后，最后做，你会发现原来很容易，万不可一棵树吊死！2. 作者观点或文章结论。下列词一般示为作者观点或段落,文章结论题imply暗示 infer推断 suggest暗示 learn from for example 注：如上面的提问问的是文章的结论，应在文章的最后一句，如问的是段落的结论，应在段落的最后一句。3. 查细节查细节关键词选择四大原则：1尽量避免用中心词，和常用词作为关键词, 如提问方式中常用词汇、助动词、介词、连词等）2如答案A、B、C、D里有3 - 4个相同的词，便是关键词3用关键词在文章中按顺序找到问题的出处，可能是关键词的重复，以多个关键词的重复为准。（有可能题干中的关键词和文章中的关键词会产生变化即同意词，如“土豆”“马玲薯”， “一碗豆腐”“豆腐一碗”）a used vehicle- vehicles which are used -a second-hand vehicle4发现A、B、C、D四个选项中，哪个选项出现中心，一般该选项是正确答案的可能性较大。5如果多个细节都有可能，选择有概括性的,结论性的。3. 对错选择解题要领及步骤 围绕中心选择正确答案 ，如无法确定答案再到文章中查找答案先读A、B、C、D以确定思考范围尽可能确定问题在文章中的位置，可在题干中寻找关键词，以确定在文章中的位置。4. 解释词义 先读A、B、C、D以确定思考范围找到该词的出处 通过原句或上下文推论该词的意思，在A、B、C、D中选择正确答案或排除错误答案。此表做了删除,课中有详细讲解二、实战练习 练习说明：讲议中的每篇课文都以两种形式出现。第一次未对文章及答案做任何注释，目的是希望同学们能够自己参与练习。第二次我对文章用了不同颜色和字体做了标记以便同学们关注重点。请同学们积极参与练习。先自己做一遍，然后再看讲解部份，认真总结经验。这样容易发现自己的错误。阅读水平提高较快，以便在考试中避免同样的错误。阴影为中心思想及文章结论红色字体为答案与文章相同词汇兰色字体为题干中的关键词与文章中的对应本栏目题全部来自历年高考及考研原卷 1LONDON (Reuters) - Organic fruit, delivered right to the doorstep. That is what Gabriel Gold prefers, and he is willing to pay for it. If this is not possible, the 26-year-old computer technician will spend the extra money at the supermarket to buy organic food.Organic produce is always better, Gold said. The food is free of pesticides (农药), and you are generally supporting family farms instead of large farms. And more often than not it is locally (本地) grown and seasonal, so it is more tasty. Gold is one of a growing number of shoppers buying into the organic trend, and supermarkets across Britain are counting on more like him as they grow their organic food business. But how many shoppers really know what they are getting, and why are they willing to pay a higher price for organic produce? Market research shows that Gold and others who buy organic food can generally give clear reasons for their preferences - but their knowledge of organic food is far from complete. For example, small amounts of pesticides can be used on organic products. And about three quarters of organic food in Britain is not local but imported (进口) to meet growing demand. The demand for organic food is increasing by about one third every year, so it is a very fast-growing market, said Sue Flock, a specialist in this line of business.1. More and more people in Britain are buying organic food because_. A. they are getting richer B. they can get the food anywhere C. they consider the food free of pollution D. they like home-grown fruit2. Which of the following statements is true to the facts about most organic produce sold in Britain? A. It grows indoors all year round. B. It is produced outside Britain. C. It is grown on family farms. D. It is produced on large farms.3. What is the meaning of the organic trend as the words are used in the text? A. growing interest in organic food B. better quality of organic food C. rising market for organic food D. higher prices of organic food4. What is the best title for this news story? A. Organic food healthy, or just for the wealthy? B. The making of organic food in BritainC. Organic food to import or not? D. Good qualities of organic food讲解阅读理解解题程序当你拿到一篇文章时，应按下列顺序解题：1 先将文章分类信息类，一般文章注意：讲故事的文章中人物较多时，阅读时不可过快！造成反复阅读，欲速则不达-切记搞清人物关系非常重要，通常这样的文章要多花一些时间。2先扫一眼文章中的中文。3抓住文章中心思想。4不读文章直接读问题，并将问题分类，按不同类型解题用不同的方法解题。LONDON (Reuters) - Organic fruit, delivered right to the doorstep. That is what Gabriel Gold prefers, and he is willing to pay for it. If this is not possible, the 26-year-old computer technician will spend the extra money at the supermarket to buy organic food.第二段第一句有引号为中心句，第一段不必看。从冠词The food推出Organic produce是一种食品，该文中心为-某种食品好！切记-围着中心转！Organic produce is always better, Gold said. The food is free of pesticides (农药), and you are generally supporting family farms instead of large farms. And more often than not it is locally (本地) grown and seasonal, so it is more tasty. Gold is one of a growing number of shoppers buying into the organic trend, and supermarkets across Britain are counting on more like him as they grow their organic food business. But how many shoppers really know what they are getting, and why are they willing to pay a higher price for organic produce? Market research shows that Gold and others who buy organic food can generally give clear reasons for their preferences - but their knowledge of organic food is far from complete. For example, small amounts of pesticides can be used on organic products. And about three quarters of organic food in Britain is not local but imported (进口) to meet growing demand. The demand for organic food is increasing by about one third every year, so it is a very fast-growing market, said Sue Flock, a specialist in this line of business.1. More and more people in Britain are buying organic food because_.（查细节） A. they are getting richer B. they can get the food anywhere C. they consider the food free of pollution D. they like home-grown fruit2. Which of the following statements is true to the facts about most organic produce sold in Britain? （对错选择） A. It grows indoors all year round. B. It is produced outside Britain. C. It is grown on family farms. D. It is produced on large farms.该题因事先已看中文，进口与本地，解题不难3. What is the meaning of the organic trend as the words are used in the text? （ 解释词义） A. growing interest in organic food B. better quality of organic food C. rising market for organic food D. higher prices of organic food解释词义 先读A、B、C、D以确定思考范围找到该词的出处 通过原句或上下文推论该词的意思也可围着文章中心The food is good.选择4. What is the best title for this news story? (文章的中心思想) A. Organic food healthy, or just for the wealthy? B. The making of organic food in BritainC. Organic food to import or not? D. Good qualities of organic food孙老师特别提示：通过上题练习，同学们会发现在正确的理论指导下比盲目做题要好的多，即可避开生词又可省下大量时间，应此同学们应牢记理论总结的解题要领应对要领表。2One of the greatest killers in the Western world is heart disease. The death rate (率) from the disease has been increasing at an alarming speed for the past thirty years. Today in Britain, for example, about four hundred people a day die of heart disease. Medical experts know that people can reduce their chances of getting heart disease by exercising regularly, by not smoking, by changing their diets, and by paying more attention to reducing stress (压力) in their work.However, Western health-care systems are still not paying enough attention to the prevention of the disease. There is a need for more programs to educate the public about the causes and prevention of heart disease. Instead of supporting such programs, however, the U.S. health-care system is spending large sums of money on the surgical (外科的) treatment of the disease after it develops. This emphasis (强调) on treatment clearly has something to do with the technological advances that have taken place in the past ten to fifteen. Years. In this time, modern technology has enabled doctors to develop new surgical techniques. Many operations that were considered impossible or too risky (有风险的) a few years ago are now performed every day in U.S. hospitals. The result has been a huge increase in heart surgery.Although there is no doubt that heart surgery can help a large number of people, some people point out that the emphasis on the surgical treatment of the disease has three clear disadvantages. First, it attracts interest and money away from the question of prevention. Second, it causes the costs of general hospital care to rise. After hospitals buy the expensive equipment that is necessary for modern heart surgery, they must try to recover the money they have spent. To do this, they raise costs for all their patients, not just those patients whose treatment requires the equipment. The third disadvantage is that doctors are encouraged to perform surgeryeven on patients for whom an operation is unnecessarybecause the equipment and expert skills are there. A government office recently stated that major heart surgery was often performed even though its chances of success were low. In one type of heart surgery, for example, only 15 percent of patients improved their conditions after the surgery. However, more than 100,000 of these operations are performed in the United States every year.56.What effect has modern technology had on medicine?A. It has reduced the costs of medical treatment.B. It has helped save the lives of most patients.C. It has encouraged doctors to do more heart surgeries.D. It has helped educate people about the prevention of heart disease.57.“To do this” (in Paragraph 3) means _.A. to help patients recoverB. to increase the number of heart surgeriesC. to get back the money spent on the equipmentD. to buy new equipment for the treatment of heart disease58.The author would agree that _.A. more money should be spent on the prevention of heart diseaseB. heart surgery has helped most patients improve their conditionsC. modern technology has made heart surgery more risky than beforeD. the public have known a great deal about the causes of heart disease59.What would be the best title for the passage?A. The Greatest Killer in the WestB. Heart Disease: Treat or PreventC. Modern Technology and Heart SurgeryD. Heart Surgery: Advantages and Disadvantages讲解One of the greatest killers in the Western world is heart disease. The death rate (率) from the disease has been increasing at an alarming speed for the past thirty years. Today in Britain, for example, about four hundred people a day die of heart disease. Medical experts know that people can reduce their chances of getting heart disease by exercising regularly, by not smoking, by changing their diets, and by paying more attention to reducing stress (压力) in their work.第二段出现两个However，中心思想应在第二段。抓住中心，不必再看长长的全文，包括文章的第一段。However, Western health-care systems are still not paying enough attention to the prevention of the disease. There is a need for more programs to educate the public about the causes and prevention of heart disease. Instead of supporting such programs, however, the U.S. health-care system is spending large sums of money on the surgical (外科的) treatment of the disease after it develops. This emphasis (强调) on treatment clearly has something to do with the technological advances that have taken place in the past ten to fifteen. Years. In this time, modern technology has enabled doctors to develop new surgical techniques. Many operations that were considered impossible or too risky (有风险的) a few years ago are now performed every day in U.S. hospitals. The result has been a huge increase in heart surgery.Although there is no doubt that heart surgery can help a large number of people, some people point out that the emphasis on the surgical treatment of the disease has three clear disadvantages. First, it attracts interest and money away from the question of prevention. Second, it causes the costs of general hospital care to rise. After hospitals buy the expensive equipment that is necessary for modern heart surgery, they must try to recover the money they have spent. To do this, they raise costs for all their patients, not just those patients whose treatment requires the equipment. The third disadvantage is that doctors are encouraged to perform surgeryeven on patients for whom an operation is unnecessarybecause the equipment and expert skills are there. A government office recently stated that major heart surgery was often performed even though its chances of success were low. In one type of heart surgery, for example, only 15 percent of patients improved their conditions after the surgery. However, more than 100,000 of these operations are performed in the United States every year.56.What effect has modern technology had on medicine?A. It has reduced the costs of medical treatment.B. It has helped save the lives of most patients.C. It has encouraged doctors to do more heart surgeries.D. It has helped educate people about the prevention of heart disease. 围着中心转57.“To do this” (in Paragraph 3) means _.A. to help patients recoverB. to increase the number of heart surgeriesC. to get back the money spent on the equipmentD. to buy new equipment for the treatment of heart disease58.The author would agree that _.A. more money should be spent on the prevention of heart diseaseB. heart surgery has helped most patients improve their conditionsC. modern technology has made heart surgery more risky than beforeD. the public have known a great deal about the causes of heart disease 围着中心转59.What would be the best title for the passage?A. The Greatest Killer in the WestB. Heart Disease: Treat or PreventC. Modern Technology and Heart SurgeryD. Heart Surgery: Advantages and Disadvantages围着中心转孙老师特别提示：通过上题练习，全文很长，生词很多，但我们只读很少的几个点，围着中心转！也能正确解答所有问题，又快又准！ 3Malls are popular places for Americans to go. Some people spend so much time at malls that they are called mall rats. Mall rats do not leave the shop until they drop in the hundreds of stores under one roof.People like malls for many reasons. They feel safe because malls孙老师，连词、介词、常用单词表，必背单词和词组：可跟动名词做宾语的动词及与不定式的区别Admit 承认Avoid 避免Advise 建议Appreciate 赏识, 感激begin 开始doing or to doconsider 考虑；思考deny 否认delay 推迟encourage 鼓励endure 耐久, 忍耐escape 逃脱, 避开enjoy 喜爱excuse 原谅, 申辩finish 完成fancy 想象, 设想, 认为forget doing 忘记做过某事to do忘记要做某事give up, 放弃hate 不喜欢doing or to dohelp cant help doing 情不自禁help doing or to do帮助做某事imagine 想象；以为；假想like 喜欢doing or to dolove 喜爱doing or to domind 介意；postpone 延期；practice 实践；熟练put off 推迟；require 需要，要求remember doing记得做过某事 to do 记着做某事regret doing 后悔 to do抱歉start 开始doing or to dostop doing 停止做某事to do 停下来做另外事suggest 建议try doing试着做 to do 努力做 Enough.to do 足够. 做 too to do太.而不能 = so as not to have sb do sth让某人做某事 have sth to do有什么事要做 have sth done让别人做某事e不定式做宾语补语省略to的动词 feel, hear, notice, see, watch , have, help, let, make注：当不定式做主语补语时to不可省。必须使用关系代词that的几种情况1 先行词被形容词最高级修饰。2 先行词是all, everything, nothing, something等不定代词3 当先行词被only, any, no, very, little或序数词修饰时。 注：上面3种情况不能使用who, whom, which等关系代词。772常用连词as 1.一边.一边2.当.时3.因为 as soon as 一就as(so) long as 只要as(so) far as 据所知as.as 像.一样as- 尽管 accordingly 因此 所以although, though 虽然 尽管After 在.之后A as well as B 不但A而且B before 在.之前besides 而且because 因为，放在主句后。both A and B 既是A又是Bbut 但是，而是，的确但consequently 因此 所以either A or B 不是A是Beven if 即使even though 即使else 否则for fear that 以防万一 furthermore 而且however 然而hence 因此 所以however 不论 if 如果 是否in addition 而且in order that 为了in case 以防 假使，如果in that 因为 既然lest 以防万一moreover 而且not.until-直到.才no sooner-than- 一就not so(as).as 不像.now