大学英语四级考试听力讲座.doc

大学英语四级考试听力讲座第一章 四级听力简介一、四级考试对听力能力的要求 大学英语课程教学基本要求对学生英语听力能力的一般要求(即四级水平)可以量化为：能听懂英语授课、能听懂日常英语谈话和一般性题材讲座、能基本听懂英语慢速节目，语速130词每分钟，并能运用基本听力技巧帮助理解中心思想和信息要点，准确率不低于70%。 二、四级听力考试的演变过程 从87年到2006年，听力测试一直是四级考试中的第一项内容, 传统的听力测试形式为部分两部分, 对话理解和短文理解。对话部分一般包括10 个对话，涉及到英美生活的不同侧面和英语表达的不同意念和功能。短文部分一般有三个段落，总计10个问题，分别涉及到考生对短文中重要信息或是重要细节的把握和理解。过去几年里，四级听力测试的形式在不断翻新变化，增加了听写填空和复合式听写。改革以前仍然以对话理解和短文理解为测试的常见形式，复合式听写和短文理解交替考查。四级听力测试中的时间规定为20分钟，实际上从试听声音到录音结束一般为16分钟。 2006年12月，新四级考试在全国范围内新鲜出炉，变化最大的就是听力部分。从考试大纲到样题、乃至已经用过的真题听力，不难发现：对话部分保留了8个传统形式的短对话，增加了2组长对话，每组610 个话轮，两组共7个问题，每题有四个选项。短文听力仍然为三个段落，段落长度在200240词左右，总共10个问题；复合式听写要听三遍，补全8个单词，根据意思写出三个句子，文章长读为240到280个单词。 三、新四级听力考试的题型分析 八个短对话理解的题型一般有时间，地点，职业，关系，活动，态度，观点或者看法，直接含义，间接暗示等。 两组长对话的理解题型一般随话轮的交替而追问事件的先后次序、事件的因果关系、事件的逻辑对比和对照等关系，以及对话一方的行为和打算等。 短文理解一般由三篇题材熟悉，内容难度适当，话题比较流行，字数在250字左右的小品文或者小故事组成。每篇文章之后有23个问题，问题往往涉及到考生对短文中重要细节，中心思想，作者态度，特殊词汇的理解。考生在短文理解中的难点在于信息量大，很难记住听到的信息。再加上选项设计模棱两可，就更增加了排除的难度。 复合式听写包括两个部分，第一部分前八个空格要求考生根据磁带内容准确地填出空格所缺词汇，一般为每空一个单词。第二部分后三个空格要求考生听完后根据自己的理解写出文章中所缺少的信息。考生可以根据正确理解，用自己的话语，也可以用听到的原文。复合式听写的短文长度一般为250词左右，全文朗读三遍，第二遍速度较慢，中间有停顿。整个考试时间为15 分钟。 四、听力趋势 : 内容花样百出、解题思路固定 近几年，四六级听力部分命题的一个重要变化：内容花样百出，有一些陌生的场景。 命题者意在考察考生对于陌生信息的感知能力，加大真实生活场景的数量和拟真程度。而这些场景早已摆脱前些年常见的大学校园、酒店、飞机场、公司等等传统套路。命题者在保证一定难度的基础上在求新求变，要突破传统以场景带话题的命题思路，把一些在国外生活当中比较常见的话题搬到考试里面挑战考生的反应能力。比如剧院，这早已成为西方有教养人士生活当中不可缺少的一部分，甚至是一般民众也养成了看各种演出的习惯，比如美国的百老汇。如果你要购票，那么头等票、二层包厢票、普通票等等词汇可以说是呼之欲出。对于中国考生而言，题材是陌生的，可是作为英语学习者而言，这个内容我们仍旧认为没有超出范围。如果考生觉得难度太高，那么恰巧证明我们大学听说教学缺失了重要的一环对西方人文社会领域基本词汇的讲解。语言不是孤立和外在于文化的，听力尤其是这样。考生们只有把眼光关注在更广阔的英语国家生活当中汲取各类题材才能拿到高分。 尽管题材在不停求新，但是解题的方式还是没有根本的转变。特别是刚才提到的公司发展战略和盗取养老金两套题目，基本符合长文听力的传统特征：所听即所得。四个选项中与听觉印象最一致者即为正确选项。如此说来即使是陌生题材的文章考生只要基本功过硬拿到基本分数还是不成问题的。这也从另一个侧面展现出四六级命题越发成熟，区分度进一步提高，符合水平性融合国际热点，重在考察细节 第二章 大学英语四级听力技巧讲解一、听力基础能力要求 一) 语音、语调 语音涉及易混音、连读、同化、重读、弱读、失去爆破等的辨别能力。 注意语调的变化。 二) 词汇 三) 语法1倒装句：真题分析W: The man at the garage thinks that I take good care of my car.M: So do I. I dont see any scratches on the outside and the inside is clean, too.Q: What does the man think of the womans car? A) Her car can stand any crash. B) Her car is not as good as his. C) Her car is maintained as well as his. D) Her car is kept in good condition.2强调句：真题分析W: Wow, I do like this campus. All the big trees, the green lawns, and the old buildings with tall columns. Its really beautiful.M: It sure is. The architecture of these buildings is in the Greek style. It was popular in the 18th century here.Q: What are the speakers talking about?A) An art museum . B)A beautiful park . C)A college campus D)An architectural exhibition 3否定句完全否定：真题分析：M: I hear a newly-invented drug can make people tell the truth and it may prove useful in questioning terrorists. Isnt it incredible? W: Simple solutions to complex problems rarely succeed. As far as I know, no such drugs are ever known to work. Q: What does the woman think of the new drug? A)It can help solve complex problems. B)It will most likely prove ineffective C)It is a new weapon against terrorists. D)It will help detect all kinds of liars.部分否定 真题分析W: Daddy, I have decided to give up science and go to business school. M: Well, it is your choice as long as pay your own way, but I should warn you that not everyone with a business degree will make a successful manager.Q: What do we learn from the conversation?A) The man doesnt have money for his daughters graduate studies . B) The man doesnt think his daughter will get a business degree . C) The man insists that his daughter should pursue her studies in science . D)The man advises his daughter to think carefully before making her decision .4反意疑问句 真题分析W: I wonder if you could sell me the Psychology textbooks. You took the course last semester, didnt you?M: As a matter of fact, I already sold them back to the school bookstore.Q: What do we learn from the conversation?A) The woman has to get the textbooks in other ways. B) The woman has sold her used textbooks to the bookstore. C) The man is going to buy his textbooks from a bookstore. D) The man doesnt want to sell his textbooks to the woman.5因果句 真题分析 M: Is this the check-in counter for Flight 914 to Los Angeles M: Yes, but Im sorry the flight is delayed because of a minor mechanical problem. Please wait for further notice. Q: What do we learn from this conversationA) The man went to a wrong check-in counter. B) The man has just missed his flight. C) The plane will leave at 9:14. D) The planes departure time remains unknown.6、转折句 真题分析W: Youve been doing weather reports for neatly 30 years. Has the weather got any worse in all these years? M: Well, not necessarily worse. But we are seeing more swings. Q: What does the man say about the weather? A)Its worse than 30 years ago. B)It remains almost the same as before. C)There are more extremes in the weather. D)There has been a significant rise in temperature.7、条件句， 真题分析虚拟句：W: In my opinion, watching the news on TV is a good way to learn English. What do you think? M: It would be better if you could check the same information in English newspapers afterwards. Q: What does the man say about learning English? A) Priority should be given to listening. B)Its most helpful to read English newspapers every day. C) Its more effective to combine listening with reading. D)Reading should come before listening.真实条件句 真题分析W: If the weather is this hot tomorrow, we may as well give up the idea of playing tennis in the afternoon.M: o. I dont think itll last long. The weather forecast says it will cloud-over by mid afternoonQ: What does the man mean? A) They shouldnt change their plan. B) Theyd better change their mind. C) The tennis game wont last long. D) Weather forecasts are not reliable.8、比较句 真题分析M: what do you think of the prospects for online education? Is it going to replace the traditional school?W: I doubt it. Schools are hate to stay. Because they are much more than just book learning. Even known more and more kids are going online, I believe fewer of them will quit school altogether.Q: what does the woman think of the conventional schools ?A) They will be replaced by on-line education sooner or later.B) They will attract fewer kids as on-line education expands.C) They will continue to exist along with on-line education.D) They will limit their teaching to certain subjects only.9、虚拟语气 与事实相反： 真题分析 W: I found an expensive diamond ring in the restroom this morning.M: If I were you, I would turn it in to the security office. It is behind the administration building.Q: What does the man suggest the woman do?A) Give the ring to a policeman . B) Wait for the owner of the ring in the rest room . C)Hand in the ring to the security office . D)Take the ring to the administration building .表达一种意愿 真题分析M: I think the hostess really went out of her way to make the party a success.W: Yes, the food and drinks were great , but if only we had known a few of the other guests.Q: What did the two speakers say about the party?A) They went a long way to attend the party. B) They didnt think much of the food and drinks. C) They knew none of the other guests at the party. D) They enjoyed the party better than the other guests.10、反问句提出异议：真题分析W: I just read in the newspaper that Lord of the Rings is this years greatest hit. Why dont we go and see it at the Grand Cinema?M: Dont you think that cinema is a little out of the way?Q: What does the man mean?A) The cinema is some distance away from where they are . B) He would like to read the film review in the newspaper . C)They should wait to see the movie at a later time . D)Hell find his way to the cinema .表示责备：真题分析M: Elien is in the basement trying to repair the washing machine.W: She isnt going to working his term paper?Q What does woman think Elen should do ?A) Move the washing machine to the basement. B) Turn the basement into a workshop. C) Repair the washing machine. D) Finish his assignment.11、建议句 直接建议句：真题分析M: I am going to New York next week, but the hotel I booked is really expensive. W: Why book a hotel? My brother has 2 spare rooms in his apartment. Q: What does the woman mean? A)The man can stay in her brothers apartment. B)Her brother can help the man find a cheaper hotel. C) Her brother can find an apartment for the man. D)The man should have booked a less expensive hotel.间接建议句：真题分析M: This article is nothing but advertising for housing developers. I dont think the houses for sale are half that good.W: Come on, David. Why so negative? We are thinking of buying a home, arent we? Just a trip to look at the place wont cist us much.Q: What can be inferred form the conversation?A) The houses for sale are of poor quality B)The houses are too expensive for the couple to buy C)The housing developers provide free trips for potential buyers D)he man is unwilling to take a look at the houses for sale二、四级听力应对策略听力练习基本方法：预测关键词（做简要笔记）-迅速做题预测：12. A. The benefits of strong business competition.B. A proposal to lower the cost of production.C. Complaints about the expense of modernization.D. Suggestions concerning new business strategies.13. A I t cost much more than its worth. B. It should be brought up-to-date.C. It calls for immediate repairs. D. It can still be used for a long time.14. A. The personnel manager should be fired for inefficiency.B. A few engineers should be employed to modernize the factory. C. The entire staff should be retrained.D. Better-educated employees should be promoted. 15. A Their competitors have long been advertising on TV. B. TV commercials are less expensive. C. Advertising in newspapers alone is not sufficient. D. TV commercials attract more investments.找关键词原文：W: Hello, Gary. Howre you?M: Fine! And yourself?W: Cant complain. Did you have time to look at my proposal?M: No, not really. Can we go over it now?W: Sure. Ive been trying to come up with some new production and advertising strategies. First of all, if we want to stay competitive, we need to modernize our factory. New equipment should have been installed long ago. M: How much will that cost?W: We have several options ranging from one hundred thousand dollars all the way up to half a mil- lion. M: OK. Well have to discuss these costs with finance.W: We should also consider human resources. Ive been talking to personnel as well as our staff at the factory. M: And whats the picture?W: Well probably have to hire a couple of engineers to help us modernize the factory.M: What about advertising?W: Marketing has some interesting ideas for television commercials.M: TV? Isnt that a bit too expensive for us? Whats wrong with advertising in the .papers, as usual? W: Quite frankly, its just not enough anymore. We need to be more aggressive in order to keep ahead of our competitors.M: Will we be able to afford all this? W: I11 look into it, but I think higher costs will be justified. These investments will result in higher profits for our company.M: Well have to look at the figures more closely. Have finance draw up a budget for these invest- ments. W: All right. I11 see to it.具体应对策略(1)关于短对话听力的应对策略： 八个短对话按照真题分析可以归纳为如下场景：涉及校园场景(宿舍、教室、实验室、图书馆等高频词汇)、天气场景(天气变化、温度变化、降水、降雪、风沙等灾害性天气)、医院场景(问诊、问候、问药、问价、问方向、)、面试场景(个人爱好、兴趣、教育背景、工作经历、对应聘职位的了解和期盼、对工资待遇和上班时间的特殊要求等)、租房场景(租金、押金以及数额、支付方式、房客应遵循的规则、对房屋设施等的介绍)、娱乐场景(影院、剧院、舞厅、球场、游泳等娱乐设施)、餐馆场景(定座、点菜、结账、小费、投诉等场景词汇)、选课场景(选修课程、必修课程、课程难度、教授要求、同学推荐、参考书目)、作业场景(教师与学生、学生与学生、课程作业、课程论文、学期论文、期中测试、单元小节等)、图书馆场景(借书、还书、丢书、续借、查询、罚单等高频词汇)。英语交际通常使用一种模式化的语言，在固定的场景中其词汇和表达也相对比较固定，平时注意积累场景高频词汇和习惯表达，考生只要在复习时重点突出，强化训练，就可以在四级听力短对话部分做到未听半知的状态。 短对话听力测试突破的第二个途径就是分析选项，因为客观题目的选项设计一般都有其内在的逻辑关系，有些相互印证，有些截然对立，还有些毫不相关，但是至少可以帮助考生提示关键词汇和表达，所以抢时间阅读选项就非常重要。听力训练大致经历了以下几个阶段：逐步从最初阶段的“直接听到的是答案”(最简单)过渡到“直接听到的往往不”(未提及选项)到现在的“各路英雄全都有” (必须听完问题)。虽然短对话的选项设计更加复杂，但是绝大多数情况下还是遵循“同义词替换”的原则。比较经典的例子就是：如果对话中出现了taxi driver, 选项中的正确答案一般不会包含这个词汇，而是用同义的cabdriver 替换。 例如：1.A. The trip was worth both the time and the money. B. The trip was not worth both the time and the money.C. She enjoyed her trip very much.D. She wanted to stay at home.2. A. 21 November 1980 B. 12 December 1980C.12 September 1980 D. 12 November 19803. A. Hes working at the moment. B. He is a full-time student at Sydney University.C. He is a part-time student at Sydney University.D. He is a full-time student at London University.以下选取几道有代表性的题目，向各位介绍短对话的考查重点、命题规律及解题要旨： 11 M: Todays a bad day for me! I fell off a step and twisted my ankle.W: Dont worry. Usually ankle injuries heal quickly if you stop regular activities for a while.Q: What does the woman suggest the man do?点评：本题主要考查对于人物所提意见的把握，历年短对话题目中这类问法非常普遍。所考查的听力词汇考查医疗健康场景。12 W: May I see your ticket please? I think youre sitting in my seat. M: Oh, youre right! My seat is in the balcony. Im terribly sorry! Q: Where does the conversation most probably take place?点评：问对话发生的地点，属于地点题。须通过对话中所提及的场景词为线索判断，如本题中的ticket，seat, balcony（剧院包箱座位）等，都是典型的提示信息，告诉我们对话发生在剧院。13 W:Did you hear Jay Smith died in his sleep last night?M:Yes, its very sad. Please let everybody know that whoever wants to may attend the funeral.Q: What are the speakers talking about?点评：问对话主要内容，为“主旨题”。这种题一般在两句话中都有提示，所以较容易把握。个别同学可能听的时候不熟悉funera（葬礼）l这个词，则要学会忽略难词带来的理解干扰。你会发现，稍微联系上下文，就可判断该词与某人去世后的仪式有关，因此可大胆猜测其含义。14. M:Im really surprised you got an A on the test. You didnt seem to have done a lot of reading. W:Now you know why I never missed a lecture. Q: What contributes to the womans high score?点评：本题要点在于理解女生的回答。其字面意义为“这下你该知道我为什么从上课从来不缺席了吧。”即强调自己出勤率高，所以对考试成绩有帮助。西方人往往倾向于曲折地表达自己的观点，考生要能够适应这种语言表达特点。另外，短对话题目有个特点，就是答案往往出现在第二句话中。这一点，在上述各例题中均有体现，各位考生不妨仔细体会。而这个规律，在大家将来要接触的六级听力考试中，也完全适用。必得类:一）、 地点、方向类：真题分析： W: Can I help you sir?M: Yes, can you show me the way to gate nine for flight 910 to Hong Kong? I am quite confused here.Q: Where does the conversation most probably take place? A) On a busy street.B) In a Hong Kong hotel. C) At an airport.D) At a booking office.08年6月真题12题 W: May I see your ticket please? I think you are sitting in my seat.M: Oh, you are right. My seat is in the balcony. Im terribly sorry.Q: Where does the conversation most probably take place?A On a train B On a plane C In a theater D In a restaurant二）、职业、身份类常见考点：cashier-customer; policeman-driver; attendant/clerk-customer/traveler; waiter/waitress-customer; lawyer-client; airhostess-passenger; teacher-student; doctor- patient; landlady-tenant/student; librarian-reader; host/hostess-guest; boss-secretary/employee; parents-children; husband-wife真题分析： W: Mr. Watson, I wonder whether its possible for me to take a vacation early next month?M: Did you fill out a request form?Q: What is the probable relationship between the two speakers?A) Teacher and student . B)Doctor and patient . C)Manager and office worker . D)Travel agent and customer 重点类: 一）、判断事实类真题分析， W: Simon, oh, well, could you return the tools I lend you for building the bookshelf last month?M: Oh, I hate to tell you this, but I cant seem to find them.Q: What do we learn from the conversation?A) The man hates to lend his tools to other people .B)The man hasnt finished working on the bookshelf . C)The tools have already been returned to the woman . D)The tools the man borrowed from the woman are missing . 二）、判断行为方式 表示请求的常用句式： Will / Would /Can/ Could you-? I wonder if-; Would you mind-? How about-? 表示提议的常见句式： Why not-? Youd better-? Why dont you/ we-? What/How about-? Perhaps we should-真题分析：M: Washing dishes at the restaurant every day is really boring. W: Why dont you quit and deliver flowers for me? Q: What does the woman advise the man to do? A) Quit delivering flowers. B) Work at a restaurant. C) Bring her flowers every day. D) Leave his job to work for her 三）、推断观点态度类真题分析 M: I had a hard time getting through this novel. W: I share your feeling. Who can remember the names of 35 different characters? Q: What does the woman imply? A) She has learned a lot from the novel. B) She also found the plot difficult to follow. C) She usually has difficulty remembering names. D) She can recall the names of most characters in the novel. 真题分析 M: Im going to drop my information science class. It needs too early in the morning.W: Is that really the good reason to drop the class, tiny?Q: What does the woman mean?A) Tony should continue taking the course. B) She approves of Tonys decision.C) Tony can choose another science course. D) She cant meet Tony so early in the morning.难点类:一）、条件关系：真题分析： M: Prof. Kennedy has been very busy this semester. As far as I know, he works until midnight every day.W: I wouldnt have troubled him so much if I had know he was so busy.Q: What do we learn from the conversation?A) The woman regrets having taken up much of the professors time.B) The woman regrets having taken up much of the professors time.C) The woman knows the professor has been busy.D) The woman knows the professor has run into trouble.二）因果关系表示原因的常见词或词组：because, for, since, now that, because of , due to , owing to, on account of, that is why, cause, give rise to-表示结果的常见词或词组：so ,so that, in order that , therefore, as a result of, such that-真题分析W: If you are to doing anything particular, shall we see the new play at the grand thea