不定式-ing分词和ed分词间的关系.docVIP

语 法 结 构 - 不定式、-ing分词和-ed分词三者间的关系一、动词不定式与-ING分词的区别1. 作宾语时，-ING分词表示抽象的、一般性或习惯性的和连续性的动作，而不定式则表示某次具体动作，特别是将来的动作1) The school cannot tolerate on exams.A cheatingB to cheatC be cheatedD being cheated2) News of success keeps in.A pouringB to pourC pouredD to be pouring3) Long A before the dawn B of recorded C history, humans celebrated to harvest D their crops.2. 作定语时，-ING表示正在进行的动作，用-ING的完成时表示动作的完成；不定式表示未来发生4) We were overjoyed at the news of China another man-made satellite.A having launchedB to have launchedC to launchD launched5) The applicants interviewing A are required to B bring all the necessary papers C two days later D .6) Sorghum(高梁) leaves A occasionally contain B enough hydrocyanic acid killing C livestock(牲畜) D .3. 当谓语动词是进行时的时候，用不定式而不用-ING分词作宾语4. 在remember,forget等词后，如果跟-ING分词，表示-ING分词的动作发生在主要谓语之前；如果跟不定式则表示不定式的动作发生在主要谓语动作之后5. stop, go on和leave off之后跟接动词不定式和-ING分词所表达的意义有所不同They stopped (talking) to work. 停下(其他动作)来工作They stopped working. 停下工作(来干其他动作)Workers went on discussing the problem. 工人继续讨论这一问题Workers went on to discuss the problem.工人们停下来其他事，继续讨论这一问题He left off writing.他停下写作(去干其他事)He left off to write.他停下(其他事)来写作6. used to后跟不定式和-ING分词，后跟不定式有两种情况：一种是used to是固定用法表示“过去经常干”；另外一种情况是use的被动词态“be used”后跟不定式；后跟-ING分词的情况有一种，那就是当used to中的used是形容词时，to后跟名词或-ING分词7) When he was in the plastic plant, he together with the workers.A has workedB had workedC had been workedD used to work8) You will soon this climate and then the changes in temperature will not affect you.A get used toB get toC get overD get on with9) Mr. Anderson used to jogging A in the crisp morning B air during C the winter months D , but now he has stopped.7. 一般情况下，for后边跟接there to be,而of后边则跟接there being10) It is fairly common in Africa for there an ensemble of expert musicians surrounded by others who join in by clapping, singing, or somehow adding to the totality of musical sound.A to beB beingC to have beenD having been8. be形容词后面要跟动词不定式作状语，而不用-INGIt is very difficult to manage the company.二、-ING分词与-ED分词的区别虽然在语法功能上，-ED分词在句子中所能承担的成分基本与-ING分词相同，但在意义上两者有差别：-ING分词表示主动的意义，而-ED分词则表示被动的意义；-ING分词表示一般性的或正在进行的动作，而-ED分词则表示已经完成和被动的动作。在表现形式上，-ING分词有“一般式”和“完成式”与“主动式”和“被动式”之分；而ED分词只有一种形式。下边我们分析-ING分词与-ED分词在语法功用上的区别。1. 作表语时，-ING分词表示主语所具有的特征而-ED分词表示主语所处的状态2. 作状语时-ING分词表示主语正在进行的另一动作而-ED分词则表示主语发生动作的背景或情况11) In his movies，W. C. Fields was always at war with the world， .A battling both people and objectsB both people and objects were battledC he was battling both people and objectsD both people and objects that were battled13) Having been served lunch， .A the problem was discussed by the members of the committeeB the committee members discussed the problemC it was discussed by the committee members the problemD a discussion of the problem was made by the members of the committee12) for her anthropological research，Margaret Mead also was involved with the World Federation for Mental Health.A She is noted primarilyB Noted primarilyC Primarily is notedD She primarily noted14) Considered one of the leading poets in America today， .A a number of books and plays have also been written by Sonia SanchezB Sonia Sanchez has also written a number of books and playsC a number of Sonia Sanchezs books and plays have been writtenD there have been a number of books and plays written by Sonia Sanchez3. 作定语时，-ING分词表示正在进行的动作，而-ED分词表示动作发生在谓语动词之前；-ING分词表示它所修饰的词经常或当时的状态，而-ED分词则没有时间性；-ING分词表示主动，而-ED分词表示被动15) The boiled A point of any liquid B is determined C by the pressure D of the surrounding gases.16) High-grade A written B paper is frequently C obtained D from cotton rags.17) Scientists A still cannot find B any convinced C link between intelligence D and the quantity or quality of brain cells.4. 但少数几个动词的-ED分词，有两种形式而且在意义上有差别，如：bear的-ED分词有born和borne之分，前者只用于“出生”的意义，而后者用于“负担”，“负荷”，“承担”和“传送”之意I was born in 1966.His borne responsibility to the whole workers of the factory is really great.再如：hang的-ED分词也有两种，一是hung,另一形式是hanged, 前者表示“悬挂”，后者表示“吊死，绞死”。strike的-ED分词也有两种：struck和striken, 前者有“打击”“冲击”“感动”等义，而striken只用作形容词，表示“受折磨”之意。来自及物动词的-ED分词所表示的是被动意义；来自不及物动词的-ED分词则可表示主动和完成的意义：fallen leaves (落叶)，a full-blown rose (盛开的玫瑰), escaped prinsoners(逃犯), the exploded bomb, her deceased husband, the retired workers, the vanished jewels, the newly arrived visitors, the returned students, the risen sun.三、例题解析1) A为正确答案。(一般性的动作。)2) A为正确答案。(连续的动作。)3) D错。 改为harvesting(抽象的动作)。4) A为正确答案。(已完成的动作。)5) C错。 改为to be interviewed(将要发生的动作)。6) C错。改为to kill(不定或未来动作)。7) D为正确答案。(过去经常或总是干)8) A为正确答案。(习惯于used是形容词)9) A错。改为jog。(表示过去经常或总是干)10) A为正确答案。11) A为正确答案。12) B为正确答案。本句是由-ED分词“noted”引导的-ED结构，在句中说明主句谓语的背景。13) B为正确答案。14) B为正确答案。-ED分词“considered”的逻辑主语应为人，除B外的其他选项都无法和空白前-ED结构在逻辑主语上一致。15) A错。改为boiling。-ED分词含有完成和被动的意思，-ING分词则表示主动、进行，也可用作前置定语表示性状、用途。如：“boiling water(water which is boiling.)”意思是“开水”，意即“正在开着的水”，而“boiled water(water which has been boiled.)”虽也可译为“开水”，但表示“已开过了的水(现在可能凉了)。”本句A处应改为boiling，“boiling point”意思是“沸点”。16) B错。改用“writing”，“writing paper”意为“写字的纸，信纸”，-ING分词“writing”表