常见化学词头及物质缩写英文翻译.doc

常见化学词头及物质缩写英文翻译有机化合物名称的基础是其母体-链烃，环烃和杂环。芳烃和杂环的中文名称由英文音译，脂环的名称由链烃而来。数目词头是脂肪族化合物英文名称的重要组成部分。十以内的数目词头如下所示：数目 英文词头1/2 hemi,semi1 mono,uni3/2 sesqui2 di,bi,bis3 ter,tri4 tetra,quadri5 penta,quinqui,quinque6 hex,sexi7 hepta,septi8 octa9 ennea,nona10 deca正如中文以天干和中文数字表示脂肪族化合物中碳原子数目，英文以数目词头表示之。但对应于甲，乙，丙，丁的英文词头与数目词头不一样： meth-甲 eth-乙 prop-丙 but-丁不幸的是，有机化合物根据其天然来源各有俗名，而且俗名似乎比系统名应用更广，使得有机化合物的名称更加复杂。下面列出碳原子数目在八以内的脂肪族有机化合物常见英文名称，从中可以窥见其构词规律。中文 甲 乙 丙 丁烷(-ane) methane ethane peopane butane烷基（-yl) methyl ethyl propyl butyl亚烷基(-ylene) methylene ethylene propyl butylene环烷(cyclo-) cyclopropane cyclobrtane烯(-ene) ethene propene buteneethylene propylene butylene炔(-yne) ethyne propyne butyne中文 戊 己 庚 辛烷(-ane) pentane hexane heptane octane烷基（-yl) pentyl/amyl hexyl heptyl octyl亚烷基(-ylene) amylene hexamethylene heptamethylene octamethylene环烷(cyclo-) cyclopentane cyclohexane cycloheptane cyclooctane烯(-ene) pentene hexene heptene octeneamylene hexylene heptylene octylene炔(-yne) pentyne hexyne heptyne octyne醇(-ol) pentanol hexanol heptanol octanol醛(-al) pentanal hexanal heptanal octanalvaleraldehyde Capro-aldehyde enanthaldehyde caprylaldehyde酮(-one) pentanone hexanone heptanone octanone酸(-ic acid) pentanoic a. hexanoic a. heptanoic a. octanoic a.valeric a. caproic a. enanthic a. caprylic a.酸酐(anhydride)valeric anhd. caproic anhd. enanthic anhd. caprylic a.酰基(-yl) valeryl caproyl enanthyl caprylyl酰氯(chloride) valeryl chl. caproyl chl. enanthyl chl. capryllyl chl.酰胺 (amide) valeramide caproamide enanthamide caprylamide胺(amine) amyl am. hexyl am. heptyl am. octyl am.晴(nitrile) valeronitrile capronitrile enanthonitrile caprylonitrileAABAacrylonitrile-butadiene acrylateABSacrylonitrile-butadiene styrene terpolymerACSacrylonitrile-chlorinated polyethylene styrene terpolymerAMAacrylate maleic anhydride terpolymerAMMAacrylonitrile-methyl methacrylateAPOamorphous polyolefinASAacrylonitrile styrene acrylateBBMCbulk molding compoundBMIbis maleimideCCAcellulose acetateCABcellulose acetate butyrateCAPcellulose acetate proprionateCNcellulose nitrate (celluloid)COCcycloolefin copolymerCOPcopolyester thermoplastic elastomerCPEchlorinated polyethyleneCPVCchlorinated polyvinyl chlorideCTAcellulose triacetateCTFEchlorotrifluoroethyleneDDAPdiallyl phthallate (thermoset)EEAAethylene acrylic acid copolymerECTFEethylene chlorotrifluoroethyleneEMACethylene-methyl acrylate copolymerEPepoxyEPDMethylene propylene diene terpolymer rubberEPMethylene propylene copolymer rubberEPRethylene propylene rubberEPSexpandable polystyreneETFEethylene tetrafluoroethyleneEVAethylene vinyl acetateE/VACethylene/vinyl acetate copolymerEVOHethylene vinyl alcoholFFEPfluorinated ethylene propyleneHHDPEhigh density polyethyleneHIPShigh impact polystyreneHMWHDPEhigh molecular weight high density polyethyleneIIionomerIPNinterpenetrating polymer networkLLCPliquid crystal polymerLDPElow density polyethyleneLLDPElinear low density polyethyleneLPElinear polyethyleneMMApaleic anhydrideMBSmethacrylate butadiene styreneMDPEmedium density polyethyleneMFmelamine formaldehydeOOSAolefin modified styrene acrylonitrilePPphenolicPApolyamide (nylon)PAApoly acetic acidPAIpolyamide-imidePAEKpolyaryletherketonePAKpolyester alkydPALpolyanalinePANpolyacrylonitrilePASpolyarylsulfonePBpolubutylenePBANpolybutadiene acrylonitrilePBDpolybutadinePBIpolybenzimidazolePBNpolybutylene napthalatePBSpolybutadiene styrenePBTpolybutadiene terephthalatePCpolycarbonatePC/ABSpolycarbonate/acrylonitrile butadiene styrene blendPCTpolycyclohexyl terephthallatePCT-Gglycol modified polycyclohexyl terephthallatePCTFEpolymonochlorotrifluoroethylenePDMSpoly(dimethylsiloxane)PEpolyethylenePEBApolyether block amide or polyester block amidePEEKpolyetheretherketonePEIpolyetherimidePEKpolyetherketonePENpolyethylene napthalenePEOpolyethylene oxidePESpolyethersulfonePETpolyethylene terephthalatePET-Gglycol modified polyethylene terephthalatePFAperfluoroalkoxyPIpolyimidePIpolyisoprenePIBpolyisobutylenePIRpolyisocyanuratePMANpolymethactylonitrilePMMApolymethylmethacrylate (acrylic)PMPpolymethylpentenePOpolyolefinPOMpolyoxymethylene (acetal)PPpolypropylenePPApolyphthalamidePPCchlorinated polypropylenePPEpolyphenylene etherPPIpolymeric polyisocyanatePPOpolyphenylene oxidePPOXpolypropylene oxidePPSpolyphenylene sulfidePPSUpolyphenylene sulfonePPTpolypropylene terephthalatePSpolystyrenePS-b-PIpolystyrene/polyisoprene block copolymerPSO,PSUpolysulfonePTFEpolytetrafluoroethylenePTMTpolytetramethylene terephthalatePU,PURpolyurethanePVApolyvinyl alcohol (sometimes polyvinyl acetate)PVAcpolyvinyl acetatePVBpolyvinyl butyrylPVCpolyvinyl chloridePVCApolyvinyl chloride acetatePVDApolyvinylidene acetatePVDCpolyvinylidene chloridePVDFpolyvinylidene fluoridePVFpolyvinyl fluoridePVKpolyvinyl carbazolePVOHpolyvinyl alcoholPVPpolyvinyl pyrrolidoneSstyreneSANstyrene acrylonitrileSBstyrene butadieneSBRstyrene butadiene rubberSIsiliconeSMAstyrene maleic anhydride copolymerSMCsheet molding compoundSMSstyrene/a-methyl styreneTTEOthermoplastic elastic olefinTPEthermoplastic elastomerTPE-Othermoplastic elastomer - olefinicTPE-Sthermoplastic elastomer - styrenicTMCthick molding compoundTPUthermoplastic urethaneTVOthermoplastic vulcanitesUUFurea formaldehydeUHMWPEultrahigh molecular weight polyethyleneULDPEultra low density polyethyleneUP,UPEunsaturated polyester (thermoset)VVAvinyl acetateVAEvinyl acetate ethyleneVLDPEvery low density polyethyleneXXPSexpandable polystyrene 含氧酸的名称借助于词头从成酸元素的名称变化而来。正酸的第一个 词以-ic结尾，亚酸-ous以结尾。常用词头如下： 英文词头 中文释义 hypo- 次 meta- 偏 per- 过，高 peroxy- 过 poly- 多 pyro- 焦 thio- 硫代 下面以氯，硫，磷所组成的含氧酸为例说明构词规律： perchloric acid 高氯酸 chloric acid 氯酸 chlorous acid 亚氯酸 hypochlorous acid 次氯酸 persulfuric acid 过硫酸 peroxymonosulfuri