常见单词前缀与后缀.doc

常见英文前缀和后缀前缀Prefixes一）否定前缀1. dis- (not, the opposite of) disadvantage(不利条件, 缺点, 劣势), dislike, disagree, disappear, disaster , disable (使残废, 使失去能力), disability, disclose , discount(折扣), discourage, discover, discovery, dishonest, disorder2. in- (not, in, into) inability(无能, 无力), incorrect, injustice(不公平, 不讲道义), informal, inside, include, incredible, indefinite(模糊的, 不确定的), independence, independent, indifferent(无关紧要,漠不关心), indirect, indispensable（不可缺少的, 绝对必要的）, inevitable(不可避免的, 必然的), infamous (声名狼籍的), infinite(无穷的, 无限的, 无数的), inhabit ( 存在于, 占据, 栖息), insane (疯狂的), insert, inside, insight(洞察力, 见识), interior（内部的, 内的）, internal（内在的）, into, intrinsic（内在的, 本质的） , invaluable （无价的）, invariably （不变地, 总是）, investigate, invisible, inward（向内的, 内在的）3. im- (not, in, into) impossible, imbalance（不平衡, 不均衡）, immature, immoral（不道德的, 邪恶的, 放荡的）, impatient, implicit （暗示的, 盲从的, 含蓄的）, impress, impression, import, immigrate（使移居入境）4. il- (not) illegal（违法的, 不合规定的）, illogical（不合逻辑的, 不合理的）5. ir- (not) irregular（不规则的, 无规律的）, irresponsible6. un- (not) unable, uncover（揭开, 揭露）, undoubtedly, undress（使脱衣服, 暴露）, uneasy, unemployment , unexpected, unfold （打开, 显露）, unfortunately, unimportant, unlike, unusual7. non- (not) nonsmoker, nonexistence, non-cooperation, nonstop, nonmetal（非金属）, nonresident（没有任何住所的）, nonsense（胡说, 废话）8. mis- (wrong, wrongly) misjudge（判断错）, misunderstand, mislead（误导）, misspell, misfortune（不幸, 灾祸）, misuse9. de- (showing the opposite, to remove, to reduce) deform（变形）, deface（丑化, 使失面子）, demobilize（复员）, destruction, deforest（采伐森林, 清除树林）, devalue（贬值）, decode （解码, 译解）, decrease, degrade （降级, 堕落, 退化）二）表述数量的前缀1. semi-, hemi- (half) semicircle , semiconductor（半导体）, semi-colony , hemisphere （半球）2. uni-, mono- (one) uniform（制服，统一）, unify （统一, 使成一体）, union, unique, unit, unite, unity, universe, universal, university, monologue （独白, 独脚戏）, monopoly （.垄断, 垄断者）, monotonous （单调的）3. bi-, di- (two) biweekly（双周的,半月刊）, bicycle, bilateral (有两面的, 双边的), billion(十亿), dialogue, carbon dioxide(二氧化碳)4. tri- (three) tricycle （三轮车）, triangle（三角形）, trilogy （三部剧, 三部曲）, triple（三倍数）5. quadri-, quadru- (four) quadruple （四倍）, quadrangle （四角形, 四边形, 方院）6. penta- (five) pentagon（五边形）, Pentagon（五角大楼）7. hexa- (six) hexagon（六角形, 六边形）, hexangular（六角的）8. sept- (seven) September, Sept-Wolves9. octa- (eight) octagon（八边形, 八角形）, octopus（章鱼）, October10. nona- (nine) nonagon（九边形）, November11. deci-, deca- (ten) decade, decimal （十进的, 小数的）12. centi- (hundredth part) centigrade（百分度的, 摄氏温度的）, centimeter（厘米）, centipede （蜈蚣）, century（世纪）13. kilo- (thousand) kilo, kilometer（千米）, kilogram(me)（千克）, kilowatt （千瓦）14. mill- (thousand) millennium （太平盛世, 一千年）, millimeter（毫米）三）其他前缀1. pre- (before, in advance) prefix , pre-historic, precaution（预防, 警惕）, premature （未成熟的,早熟的）, prepay（预付）, prewar2. ante-, (before, in advance) anteroom（接待室, 前厅）, antemeridian（上午的）, anticipate（预期, 期望）, antique（古董）3. fore- (in advance, before, in or at the front) foretell （预言, 预示）, foresee , forefather （祖先, 祖宗）, forewarn（预先警告）4. ex- (former) ex-president（前总统）, ex-Soviet Union, ex-wife（前妻）, export, exclude（把.排除在外, 排斥）, exclusive（排外的, 唯一的）exterior（外在的）, external（外部的, 客观的）, extinct（灭绝的）5. post- (later than, after) postgraduate（研究生）, post-war, postmeridian （午后的）, postscript （附言, 后记）6. sub- (under, below, less important) subway（地道, 地铁）, subtitle（副题, 说明对白的字幕）, submarine （潜水艇, 潜艇）, subsidiary （辅助的, 补充的）, subsidy （补助金, 津贴）7. infra- (under) infrastructure （基础设施）, infrared （红外线）8. re- (again, back to a former state) recognize, recognition, record, recorder, recover（痊愈, 复原, 胜诉）, reform, refresh, refreshment （点心, 饮料, 精力恢复, 爽快）, remember, remind, removal, remove, renaissance （复兴, 新生, 文艺复兴）, renew, repay （偿还, 报复） , replace, replacement, reply, report, reporter, represent, representative, restore（恢复, 使回复, 归还）, resume（再继续, 重新开始）, return, reunion （团圆, 重聚）, reuse, review, revise（修订, 校订）9. co-, col-, com-, con-, cor- (with together) co-existence（共存）, cooperate（合作）, cooperative , co-author（合作作者）coincidence , collaboration （协作）, colleague, collide , collision（碰撞, 冲突） , correlation（相互关系, 相关）10. inter- (between, among) international, interchangeable（可互换的）, interdependent（相互依赖的, 互助的）, interpersonal（人与人之间的）, interview（面试，会见）, interact （相互作用）, interaction, intercourse （交往, 交流）, Internet11. macro- (large) macroeconomics （宏观经济学）, macrocosm （宏观世界）, macrostructure（宏观结构）12. micro- (extremely small) microcomputer（微型电子计算机）, microeconomics （微观经济学）, microscope（显微镜）13. super- (greater or more than) super, supermarket, supersonic （超声波）, superman, superpower（超级强权）, supernatural 14. sur- (more than, beyond) surplus（剩余, 过剩）, surface（表面, 外表）, surpass （超越, 胜过）15. ultra- (beyond, very, too) ultramodern（超现代化的）, ultra-violet （紫外线的, 紫外的）16. auto- (of or by oneself) automobile, automation （自动控制）, automatic（自动的, 机械的）, autobiography （自传）, autonomous （自治的）, autonomy （自治）17. mal- (bad, badly) malfunction（故障）, maltreat （虐待, 滥用）, malnutrition （营养失调, 营养不良）18. tele- (at or over a long distance, by or for television) telegram（电报）, television, telegraph, telephone, telecommunications （远程通讯）, telescope19. multi- (many) multi-purpose, multinational（跨国的）, multiple（多样的, 多重的）, multiply（繁殖, 乘, 增加）20. counter-, anti-, contra- (opposite, against) counterattack（反击, 反攻）, counterclockwise（反时针方向）, counterrevolutionary（反革命）, antibiotic（抗生素）, contradict （同.矛盾, 同.抵触）, contradiction , contrary（相反的, 逆的）, contrast（对比, 对照）21. mini- (smallest, short) minibus（面包车）, miniskirt（超短裙）, minimum（最小值, 最小化）, minimize, minor（较小的, 次要的）, minority（少数, 少数民族）, minute（微小的, 详细的）22. max- (greatest) maximum, maximal （最大的, 最高的）, maximize （取.最大值, 最佳化）23. out- (outside, beyond) outdo（胜过）, outwit（瞒骗, 以智取胜）, outlive（比.长命, 比.耐久）, outnumber（数目超过, 比.多）, outdoor, outstanding, outskirts （外边, 郊区）, outward, outcome, outer, outing （外出, 旅行, 散步）, outline, outlook, output（产量, 输出, 输出量）, outrage （暴行, 侮辱）, outside24. over- (too much, above, additional) overwork, overuse, overtake（赶上, 追上，压倒）, overpass （天桥, 胜过，通过, 忽视）, overall（全部的, 全面的）, overdue （迟到的，过期的）, overhead（在头上的, 高架的）, overhear （无意中听到, 偷听）, oversea（外国的, 海外的）, 25. trans- (across, on or to the other side of) transaction （交易）, transform（转换, 使.变形）, transplant（移植,）, transport, transportation26. under- (too little, below) underdevelopment（不发达）, underestimate（低估）, underground, underlie （位于.之下, 成为.的基础）, underline（下划线）, underwear（内衣）27. neo- (new) neo-Nazism （新纳粹主义）, Neolithic （新石器时代的）28. be- (cause to be or have) befriend（待人如友, 帮助）, belittle（轻视, 使.显得渺小）29. bio- (life) biology, biography （传记）, autobiography（自传）30. en- em- (cause to become, put into the stated condition) embody（具体表达, 使具体化, 包含）, empower, endanger, enlarge, enrich31. extra- (outside, beyond) extracurricular（课外的, 业余的）, extraordinary（非常的, 特别的）32. mid- (middle) midday, midnight33. poly- (many) polycentric（多中心的）, polygamy（一夫多妻制）34. pseudo- (not real, false) pseudomemory（记忆错误）, pseudoscience（假科学, 伪科学）35. thermo- (heat) thermochemistry（热化学）, thermometer（温度计）36. vice- (next in rank below) vice-chairman, vice-president后缀Suffixes一）名词后缀1. ant, -ent applicant, component（成分）, servant, student2. er, -or, -ar employer, interviewer, trainer, painter, lighter（点火者, 打火机）, cooker, beggar3. ee absentee, abandonee（被遗弃者）, employee, interviewee, trainee4. eer engineer, pioneer5. an, -ian, -arian historian（历史学家, 史家）, humanitarian（人道主义者）, librarian, musician, Canadian6. ese Chinese, Japanese7. ist artist, Marxist, capitalist（资本家, 资本主义者）8. ism socialism, capitalism, mechanism（机械装置, 机构, 机制）9. -ability, -ibility ability, flexibility（弹性, 适应性）10. age postage（邮资）, shrinkage（收缩）11. al arrival, refusal12. ance, -ence appearance, reference13. ancy, -ency emergency（紧急情况, 突然事件）, expectancy（期待, 期望）,dependency14. cy accuracy, bankruptcy（破产）15. dom freedom, kingdom, wisdom16. ery bravery, cookery（烹调术）17. ess actress, lioness（雌狮）18. ette cigarette, novelette（中篇或短篇小说）, cassette（盒子, 盒式磁带）19.ful handful, spoonful（一匙）20. hood childhood, brotherhood, neighborhood（邻居关系）21. ics economics, electronics（电子学）, mechanics（机械学、力学）, physics, mathematics, politics22. ion(-sion, -ssion -ition, -ation) decision, discussion, inflation（通货膨胀）, translation, action, correction 23. ity, -ty reality, curiosity, purity, security, certainty, cruelty, difficulty, loyalty（忠诚, 忠心）, poverty, safety24. ment statement movement, agreement, harassment（折磨）25. ness carelessness, greatness, friendliness, weakness, tiredness26. ology futurology, geology（未来学）, biology, musicology, psychology（心理学, 心理状态）, anthropology （人类学）27. ship hardship, friendship, sportsmanship（运动家精神）28. th birth, death, breadth, strength, truth29. -ure closure, exposure（暴露, 揭露）二）形容词后缀1. able, -ible acceptable, avoidable, eatable, notable （值得注意的, 显著的）, suitable, variable2. al educational, additional, normal, natural, essential（本质的, 实质的）3. an, -arian, -ian suburban, disciplinarian（训练者, 规律）, Canadian4. ant, -ent different, resultant（作为结果而发生的, 合成的）5. ary, -ory advisory, customary（习惯的, 惯例的）6. ate considerate（考虑周到的）, fortunate（幸运的, 幸福的）7. en golden, wooden, woolen（毛纺的）8. ern northern, southern9. ese Chinese, Japanese10. free carefree（无忧无虑的, 不负责的）, troublefree11. ful c