3山西2015中考黑白卷狂押到底·扫扫刊(英语)5.30.doc

【万唯教育】狂押到底扫扫刊2015 山西英语(含答案)为什么你的朋友比你更受欢迎Have you ever wondered whether your friends are more popular than you? Its quite a common thought to have. New research from Tuck Business School at Dartmouth College, US, has discovered that people have this thought because they are caught in the ”friendship paradox(友谊悖论)”.The friendship paradox means youre more likely to be friends with someone who has more friends than someone who has fewer friends. Its not that some people avoid making friends with others. Its because we are more likely to be among a popular persons friends simply because he or she has a larger friendship circle, according to Scientific American.The researchers also found a bias in the friendship paradox: The more outgoing you are, the more you believe that your friends are more popular than you, said researcher Daniel Feiler to the Daily Mail. It also found that people who are quieter are more likely to have an accurate idea of how popular their friends are.But the degree of bias came as a surprise. The higher the number of friends you have; the bigger increase in bias, according to Feiler.So if youre ever wondering ”Am I normal?” the answer is that youre probably more normal than you think.And the friendship paradox is not only true of real-life friends. Its also true of friendships on social media websites. For example, the average weibo users followers have more followers than him or her. Why not test this out: Next time youre on weibo, look at some of your friends pages. Then check the average number of friends they have. Is the average number bigger or smaller than yours? （ ）1. What does the friendship paradox mean? A. Youre more likely to be friends with those who has fewer friends B. Some people avoid making friends with others. C. We are more likely to be popular if we have a large circle of friends.（ ）2. What did the researchers find in the friendship paradox?A. The more outgoing you are, the more you believe that you are more popular than your friends. B. people who are quieter are more likely to have an accurate idea of how popular they are.C. The higher the number of friends you have, the bigger increase in bias.（ ）3. What does the underlined word “accurate” in the fourth paragraph mean?A.意外的 B.突然的 C. 精准的（ ）4. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT TRUE？A. The friendship paradox is not true of real-life friends. B. Most people are caught in the “friendship paradox”. C. New research about friendship paradox began in US（ ）5. What is the passage?A. A report B. A program C. An advertisement 【主旨大意】本文是一篇关于友谊悖论的报道，介绍了一个诡异的统计学事实：几乎所有人都认为他们的朋友比他们更受人欢迎，其实这个诡异的事情的原因很简单：因为你更有可能和朋友多的人交朋友，你更有可能和受欢迎的人交朋友。1. C【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：友谊悖论是什么意思？A项：你可能会和朋友少的人交朋友；B项：一些人避免跟别人交朋友；C项：如果我们有一大圈朋友，我们更可能受欢迎。根据第三段第一句The friendship paradox means youre more likely to be friends with someone who has more friends than someone who has fewer friends. 可知A是错误的；根据第三段第二句Its not that some people avoid making friends with others. 可知B是错误的；根据第三段第三句Its because we are more likely to be among a popular persons friends simply because he or she has a larger friendship circl.可知C是正确的，故选C。2. C【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：研究者在友谊悖论中发现了什么？A项：你越外向，你就越相信你比朋友受人欢迎，根据第四段The more outgoing you are, the more you believe that your friends are more popular than you可知A不正确；B项：更安静的人更能对自己多么受欢迎有精确的想法，根据第四段People who are quieter are more likely to have an accurate idea of how popular their friends are.可知不是对自己有精确的评价而是对朋友有精确的评价；C项：你拥有的朋友数量越多，增加的偏见就越大，根据第五段The higher the number of friends you have; the bigger increase in bias可知C项正确。所以答案选C。3. C【解析】词义猜测题。题干意为：划线单词accurate是什么意思？将词汇回归短文It also found that people who are quieter are more likely to have an accurate idea of how popular their friends are.可知答案选C更符合文意“安静的人更可能对其朋友有多么受欢迎有确切的观点”。4. A【解析】推理判断题。题干意为：根据短文下面哪个是不对的？A项：友谊悖论不是真实生活中朋友的真实写照；B项：大多数人会陷入友谊悖论中；C项：关于友谊悖论的新的研究开始于美国。根据最后一段And the friendship paradox is not only true of real-life friends. Its also true of friendships on social media websites友谊悖论不仅是真实生活中朋友的真实写照，也是社会媒体友谊的真实写照。可知A项错误。5. A【解析】推理判断题。题干意为：这篇短文是什么。A项：一篇报道；B项：一个节目；C项：一个广告。浏览整篇短文，可知这是一篇关于友谊悖论的报道，所以答案选A显而易见。 减少垃圾食品的方法 Now more and more children become too heavy because of eating too much junk food. That will probably make them get diabetes(糖尿病) or heart disease. And when they are older, the unhealthy extra(额外的) weight is so much harder to lose. The Ontario Medical Association(O-MA) wants the government to put higher taxes(税) on junk food. Doctors say that high costs would make it harder for children to buy junk food. They also want junk food to have more information and even warnings on the package. And they want junk food to have less advertising. Doctors say the three strong actions will help children eat less junk food, keep their weight at a healthy level and live a longer life. The OMA says that over the years strong actions like extra taxes and scary (恐怖的) pictures on cigarette packages have helped to reduce smoking from 50 in the 1960s to 20 in Canada today. Doctors say this kind of action can help in the same way with junk food. “The time for gentle advice has come and gone,” said Dr. Doug. “We need to fight with this problem in other ways like high taxes and warnings. These ways really work.”1. What would make it harder for children to buy junk food? _2. Why do more and more children become too heavy? _3. Will they take strong actions to reduce junk food? _4. How many strong actions are mentioned in the passage?_5. Will you buy junk food in the future？ Why _【主旨大意】本文为说明文。介绍了让孩子们健康成长，少吃垃圾食品的一些方法。介绍了安大略湖医疗协会（OMA）采取了一系列强制措施来限制垃圾食品的摄入。1. High costs.【解析】根据第二段第二句“Doctors say that high costs would make it harder for children to buy junk food. ”“医生说高税收将对孩子们买垃圾食品来说变得更难。”可知。2. Because they eat too much junk food.【解析】根据第一段第一句“Now more and more children become too heavy because of eating too much junk food.”“现在，越来越多的孩子们因为吃太多的垃圾食品变得太胖。”可知答案。3. Yes, they will.【解析】根据倒数第二段最后一句“Doctors say this kind of action can help in the same way with junk food.” “医生说这种行动能用同样的方式帮助人们少吃垃圾食品。”可知答案。4. Three. 【解析】分析文章第二段可知，有三种强制方法。即：高税收、在垃圾食品包装上放更多信息和警示、减少垃圾食品广告。5. No. I wont. Because it is bad for my health.【解析】本题为开放性试题。根据短文内容及生活常识来回答。 Meek为孩子设置的户外活动relax child become real decide sodo lucky instead sun free include How do students spend their spare time after finishing their homework? Watch TV, play computer games, or go outside 1 ? Heres a good example. Tim and Kerry Meek are both teachers. They live in the UK with their two daughters, 11-year-old Amy and 9-year-old Ella. Recently, the Meek family 2 the focus of the UK after they completed 100 different outdoor activities in one year. The couple didnt want their 3 to spend all their free time in front of the TV and become “couch tomatoes”. So about one year ago, the Meeks 4 that watching TV and playing computer games were not permitted. 5 , they set 100 tasks for the two girls to do outside. Although Mr. and Mrs. Meek are not outdoor activity fans, they took part in all the activities to encourage their daughters. It turns out that the two sisters 6 had a good time in the activities. Every holiday and weekend, whether its 7 , rainy or snowy, the Meeks would set off to try the activities on their list, 8 hiking, sailing, climbing and skiing. The two little girls not only had a wonderful time, but also learned a lot of skills from the activities. They were even able to stand up in front of their school to give a talk for charity. “Our friends spend a lot of their free time 9 things which are harmful to their health. 10 , weve had the chance to experience something different.” Amy and Ella also helped their parents to draw up a new list of challenges for the next 12 months.【主旨大意】本文是一篇记叙文。英国一对夫妇Meek为了不让孩子在假日里坐在电视或电脑前，他们为孩子设置了100种不同的户外活动，他们与孩子一起参与这些活动，这让他们受益匪浅。【备选分析】relax v. 放松relaxes（单三形式）relaxed（过去式/过去分词）relaxing（现在分词）to relax（不定式）child n. 孩子children(复数)become v. 变得becomes（单三形式）became（过去式）become（过去分词）becoming（现在分词）to come（不定式）real adj. 真实的really adv. 真正地 decide v. 决定decides（单三形式）decided（过去式/过去分词）deciding（现在分词）to decide（不定式）decision n. 决定so conj.因此；为了& adv. 这样do v. 做does（单三形式）did（过去式）done（过去分词）doing（现在分词）to do（不定式） lucky adj. 幸运的luck n. 运气luckily adv. 幸运地instead adv. 代替；相反sun n. 太阳sunny adj. 阳光明媚的free adj. 自由的；空闲的；免费的freedom n. 自由include v. 包括includes（单三形式）included（过去式/过去分词）including（现在分词）& prep. 包含to include（不定式）1. to relax【解析】上文提到的“watch TV, play computer games, or go outside”都是学生们在业余时间放松的方式，故填动词不定式表示目的。 2. has become【