三联供系统论文：热电冷三联供系统的方案选择及分析.doc

三联供系统论文：热电冷三联供系统的方案选择及分析【中文摘要】本文主要对热电联产冷分产改造成为热电冷三联产的改造项目进行研究。课题最初来源于某生化公司的改造问题,关键在于用溴化锂吸收式制冷取代原有的电压缩式制冷。由于溴化锂吸收式制冷的独特优点和热电冷三联供的优势,目前三联供系统已经越来越受到人们的重视。本文在进行模型建立的初期,对于三联供系统的形式给出了三种方案,经过对各个方案的优缺点分析及系统的可调性的研究,选出了一种较合适的系统与热电联产冷分产做最后的比较,该系统在制冷部分突破传统的单一靠吸收式制冷机制冷。本文从系统全局出发,根据能量供应的能耗特点,分别建立了这两种系统的一次能耗的数学模型。在对压缩式制冷与吸收式制冷的比较的过程中,引入了值,并经过研究得出了值主要与汽轮机的进汽参数和排汽或抽汽参数有关的结论。然后选取了不同的热负荷率进行计算,得出热负荷率越小,系统的相对节能率越大的结论。为了充分得出相对节能率的影响因素,又选取了不同的机组进行计算分析,发现机组的容量越大,联产系统的相对节能率也越大。节能性和经济性并不一定是同比例增长的,只有经济性才是驱动企业进行改造的主要动力,如果片面追求节能而不考虑改造的投资是毫无意义的。在计算一次能耗后,选择了25MW的机组进行了经济性计算。主要计算在不同的热负荷率下进行改造所需要的费用,又根据不同的空调天数计算了投资回收期。经过计算比较发现,节能改造是有一定条件的,当抽汽中用于制冷的蒸汽的比例很少时,进行节能改造的投资回收期太长,甚至超过了机组的使用寿命,如果用于制冷的蒸汽过多,投资回收期也过长,只有当空调天数较多,制冷用的蒸汽的比例在一定范围时,进行节能改造才是有意义的。本文主要针对热电联产冷分产改造成为热电冷三联产的系统进行研究,主要比较了一次能耗与不同系统改造的经济性,对于热电厂的改造有一定的指导意义。【英文摘要】This article points to the Combined Heating and Power with independent cooling system transformed into Combined Cooling Heating and Power system. The subject originally came from a renovation of a biochemical company, the transformation focus on the lithium bromide absorption refrigeration to replace the electric compression refrigeration. Because of the advantages of the lithium bromide absorption refrigeration and the advantages of Combined Cooling Heating and Power system, there were more and more people pay attention to this system .During the early stage of establishing the model,three systems are given, after analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of each system, then select a more appropriate system for comparing with the system of Combined Heating and Power system with independent electric refrigeration. This paper overalls situation from the system , according to the principle of energy supply, established the primary energy consumption characteristics of the two systems. In the comparision of the two systems, we introducedvalues , then we obtained the conclusion that the values of theare associated to the values of the steam turbine exhaust and extraction parameters. Then select different heat load rate calculated and reached the conclusion that the smaller the heat load rate is , the greater the energy-saving rate of the system is. In order to fully come to the relative energy influence factors, then select a different calculation and analysis unit and found that the larger the unit is, the greater the relative saving rate is . Energy saving and economy are not necessarily synchronized, focus on energy saving without taking economy into attention is insignificance. After the end of primary energy consumption in the calculation, we also chose the unit of 25MW to carry out economic calculations. The main task of it is to calculate the expenses needed for transformation at the different rates, then calculated the number of days depending on the air conditioning payback period. After the comparison of the calculation, we found that when the extraction of steam used for cooling is small, the energy-saving payback period is too long and even longer for the unit, only when the days of the air conditioning is long and the proportion of steam cooling is large, the transformation is significant.This paper points to the Combined Heating and Power with independent cooling system transformed into Combined Cooling Heating and Power system. The main tasks of the paper are to calculate the energy consuming of the two systems and compared the economics of the two systems, the paper has some significance on the transformation of Thermal Power Plant .【关键词】三联供系统 经济性分析 一次能耗分析【英文关键词】Combined Cooling Heating and Power system econmic analysis analysis of primary energy consumption【目录】热电冷三联供系统的方案选择及分析摘要4-5ABSTRACT5-6第1章 绪论9-171.1 课题来源及研究的目的和意义9-101.1.1 课题来源91.1.2 课题背景91.1.3 研究的目的和意义9-101.2 热电冷三联供在国内外的研究现状及分析10-131.2.1 国外研究现状及分析10-121.2.2 国内研究现状及分析12-131.3 热电冷三联供的研究热点13-151.4 溴化锂制冷机的发展15-161.5 主要研究内容16-17第2章 三联供系统主要设备性能分析17-312.1 汽轮机17-232.1.1 供热汽轮机18-212.1.2 汽轮机及其装置的评价指标21-232.2 锅炉23-252.2.1 锅炉的分类242.2.2 锅炉运行的经济性指标24-252.3 溴化锂制冷机25-302.3.1 溴化锂制冷机的分类25-262.3.2 溴化锂制冷机存在的问题262.3.3 制冷机的性能系数26-272.3.4 当量热力系数27-302.4 本章小结30-31第3章 三联供系统的节能性分析31-563.1 制冷方案对比31-343.2 实例分析34-373.3 系统的能耗计算37-423.3.1 联产系统的能耗计算37-403.3.2 热电联产冷分产系统的能耗计算40-423.4 实例计算42-493.5 计算结果的比较分析49-543.5.1 热负荷率与节能率百分比的比较分析49-523.5.2 机组容量与节能率百分比的比较分析52-543.6 本章小