中英文机械设计基础名词术语.doc

机械设计中英文名词对照目录1. 机构学 2. 极限与配合 3. 疲劳强度 4. 可靠性5. 振动与冲击 6. 摩擦学 7. 螺纹连接 8. 轴上零件9. 键连接 10. 销钉连接 11. 联轴器 12. 离合器13. 制动器 14. 滑动轴承 15. 滚动轴承 16. 弹簧17. 传动一般 18. 齿轮传动 19. 传动装置 20. 锥齿轮传动21. 谐波传动 22. 蜗杆传动 23. 带传动 24. 链传动25. 其他零件1机构学机构学 theory of mechanisms机构mechanism机器machine机械machinery构件link主动件driving link 从动件driven运动副kinematic pair铰链连接hinge, pilot pin joint复合铰链compound hinges, multiple hinges运动链kinematic chain低副lower pair高副higher pair自由度degree of freedom虚约束redundant constraint, passive constraint机构简图schematic diagram of mechanism机构运动简图kinematic diagram of mechanism机构综合synthesis of mechanism机构运动学kinematics of mechanism速比velocity ratio of link 传动比transmission ratio速度瞬心instantaneous center of velocity机械动力学dynamics of machinery驱动力driving force扰动力perturbed force工作阻力effective resistance静载荷static load 动载荷dynamic load离心力centrifugal force作用力active force, applied force反作用力reaction等效力equivalent force 力矩moment力偶couple力偶矩moment of couple力平衡equilibrium扭矩torque, torsional moment等效力矩equivalent moment效率efficiency等效构件equivalent link等效质量equivalent mass转动惯量moment of inertia惯性积product of inertia极转动惯量 polar moment of inertia回转半径radius of gyration飞轮flywheel调速器governor, speed regulator转子的静平衡static balance of rotor转子的动平衡dynamic balance of rotor平衡质量balancing mass质径积mass-radius product连续系统continuous system离散系统discrete system变质量系统variable mass system连杆机构linkage mechanism连架杆side link曲柄crank连杆coupler, floating link摇杆rocker滑块slider导杆guide bar, guide link四杆机构four-bar mechanism曲柄摇杆机构crank-rocker mechanism曲柄滑块机构slider- crank mechanism平面铰链四杆机构planar pivot four-bar mechanism球面铰链四杆机构spherical pivot four-bar mechanism对心曲柄滑块机构centric slider-crank mechanism偏置曲柄滑块机构offset slider-crank mechanism偏心轮机构eccentric mechanism急回运动机构quick-return mechanism行程速度变化系数coefficient of travel speed variation, advance- to-return time ratio凸轮cam盘形凸轮plate cam, disk cam移动凸轮translating cam凸轮从动件cam follower 直动从动件translating follower凸轮理论轮廓cam pitch curve凸轮工作轮廓cam contour, cam profile回程return travel推程rise travel回程运动角motion angle for return travel推程运动角motion angle for rise travel近休止角nearest dwell angle远休止角farthest dwell angle等速运动轨迹constant velocity motion curve余弦加速度运动轨迹cosine acceleration motion curve正弦加速度运动轨迹sine acceleration motion curve螺旋机构crew mechanism差动螺旋机构differential screw mechanism自锁机构self-locking mechanism间歇运动机构intermittent mechanism步进机构step mechanism不完全齿轮机构incomplete gear mechanism非圆齿轮机构non-circular gear mechanism槽轮机构geneva mechanism棘爪pawl棘轮ratchet棘轮机构ratchet mechanism擒纵机构escapement差动机构differential mechanism瞬心线机构centrode mechanism2极限与配合尺寸偏差deviation 基本尺寸basic size极限尺寸limits of size 上偏差upper deviation实际尺寸actual size下偏差lower deviation最大极限尺寸maximum limits of size 最小极限尺寸minimum limits of size 间隙配合clearance fit过盈配合interference fit过渡配合transition fit公差带tolerance zone基孔制hole basic system基轴制shaft basic system 3疲劳强度高周疲劳high-cycle fatigue低周疲劳low-cycle fatigue接触疲劳contact fatigue 循环载荷cyclic loading 随机载荷random loading 恒幅载荷constant loading变幅载荷variable amplitude loading最大应力maximum stress最小应力minimum stress平均应力mean stress应力幅stress amplitude循环特性stress ratio脉动循环pulsation cycle对称循环symmetry cycle疲劳强度fatigue strength疲劳极限fatigue limit应力集中stress concentration有效应力集中系数effective stress concentration factor无限寿命设计infinite life design有限寿命设计finite life design尺寸系数size factor 表面加工系数surface machining factor疲劳积累损伤cumulative fatigue damage载荷谱loading spectrum断裂力学fracture mechanics 4可靠性可靠性reliability失效failure浴盆曲线bathtub curve 故障fault概率密度函数probability density function 5振动与冲击振动vibration周期振动periodic vibration简谐振动simple harmonic vibration随机振动random vibration噪声noise瞬态振动transient vibration稳态振动steady-state vibration受迫振动forced vibration纵向振动longitudinal vibration弯曲振动bending vibration扭转振动torsional vibration自激振动self-excited vibration非线性振动non-linear vibration振动模态modal of vibration共振resonance振型mode shape耦合振型coupled modes共振频率resonance frequency阻尼damping冲击shock冲击脉冲shock pulse机械冲击mechanical shock冲击波shock wave冲击响应谱shock response spectrum 冲击响应谱shock spectrum 6摩擦学摩擦学tribology摩擦friction磨损wear润滑lubrication摩擦系数friction coefficient当量摩擦系数equivalent coefficient of friction流体摩擦fluid friction 干摩擦dry friction 边界摩擦boundary lubrication 摩擦材料friction material 烧结金属sintered metalic material 金属陶瓷ceramic friction material 机械磨损mechanical wear机械化学磨损mechano-chemical wear 磨料磨损abrasion, abrasive wear 气蚀磨损cavitation wear黏着磨损adhesion wear剥落spalling涂抹smearing 擦伤scratching 咬死seizure氧化磨损oxidative 接触疲劳contact fatigue点蚀pitting微动磨损fretting wear磨合磨损running-in wear磨损率wear rate耐磨性wear resistance 黏度viscosity黏弹性visco-elasticity稠度consistency 锥入度penetration流变学rheology 牛顿流体Newtonian fluid 雷诺方程Reynolds equation 轴承特性系数bearing characteristic number索默菲德数Sommerfeld number 气体润滑gas lubrication 液体润滑fluid lubrication 固体润滑solid-film lubrication 液体动力润滑hydrodynamic lubrication 液体静力润滑hydrostatic lubrication 弹性流体动力润滑elasto-hydrodynamic lubrication 磁流体动力润滑magneto-hydrodynamic lubrication 极压润滑extreme-pressure lubrication连续润滑continuous lubrication 间歇润滑periodical lubrication循环润滑circulating lubrication油浴润滑bath lubrication油雾润滑mist lubrication油环润滑oil-ring lubrication油垫润滑pad lubrication润滑剂lubricant添加剂additive 7螺纹连接紧固件fastener螺旋线helix螺纹screw thread圆柱螺纹parallel screw thread圆锥螺纹taper screw thread外螺纹external thread内螺纹internal thread单线螺纹single-start thread 多线螺纹multi-start thread 右旋螺纹right-hand thread 左旋螺纹left-hand thread 自攻螺纹tapping screw thread基本牙型basic profile牙型角thread angle牙型半角half of thread angle 公称直径nominal diameter 螺纹大径major diameter 螺纹小径minor diameter螺纹中径pitch diameter 螺距pitch 螺纹导程lead螺纹升角lead angle 螺纹牙厚thread ridge thickness 螺纹槽宽thread groove width 螺纹旋合长度length of thread engagement 螺纹接触高度thread contact height 螺距偏差deviation in pitch 螺距累积误差cumulative error in pitch 螺栓bolt 双头螺柱stud六角头螺栓hexagon bolt 地脚螺栓foundation bolt T形螺栓T-head bolt , hammer head bolt螺钉screw紧定螺钉set screw自攻螺钉tapping screw吊环螺钉lifting eye bolt开槽圆柱头螺钉slotted cheese head screw 开槽盘头螺钉slotted pan head screw 开槽沉头螺钉slotted countersunk (flat) head screw 开槽半沉头螺钉slotted raised countersunk (oval) head screw 开槽圆头螺钉slotted round head screw内六角圆柱头螺钉hexagon socket head cap head screw内六角沉头螺钉hexagon socket countersunk head cap head screw十字槽盘头螺钉cross recessed pan head screw十字槽沉头螺钉cross recessed countersunk head screw螺母nut六角螺母hexagon nut方螺母square nut 圆螺母round nut 滚花高螺母knurled nut with collar 翼形螺母wing nut 吊环螺母lifting nut 垫圈washer平垫圈plain washer方垫圈square washer with round hole弹性垫圈spring washer 弹簧垫圈helical spring lock washer 外齿锁紧垫圈external teeth lock washer 内齿锁紧垫圈internal teeth lock washer 单耳止动垫圈tab washer with long tab 双耳止动垫圈tab washer with long tab and wing 外舌止动垫圈external tab washer 内舌止动垫圈internal tab washer 8轴上零件轴肩挡圈ring for shoulder轴端挡圈lock ring at the end of shaft弹性挡圈snap ring 钢丝挡圈round wire 9键连接键 key 花键spline键槽key way平键flat key普通平键general flat key导向平键 feather key ,dive key滑键feather key半圆键woodruff key楔键taper key钩头楔键gib-head taper key切向键tangential key矩形花键rectangle spline渐开线花键involute spline 10销钉连接销pin圆柱销cylindrical pin, straight pin 圆锥销conical pin , taper pin弹性圆柱销spring-type straight pin ,spring pin开尾圆锥销taper pin with split槽销grooved pin销轴clevis pin with head开口销cotter pin ,split pin安全销safety pin快卸销quick-release pin 11联轴器联轴器coupling 刚性联轴器Rigid coupling套筒联轴器sleeve coupling凸缘联轴器flange coupling夹壳联轴器split coupling齿式联轴器gear coupling十字滑块联轴器Oldham coupling 滑块联轴器NZ clao type coupling链条联轴器chain coupling万向联轴器universal joint球笼式同步万向联轴器synchronizing universal coupling with ball and sacker弹性联轴器resilient shaft coupling簧片联轴器flat spring coupling蛇形弹簧联轴器serpentine steel flex coupling波纹管联轴器coupling with corrugated pipe牙嵌式联轴器jaw and toothed coupling膜片联轴器diaphragm coupling非金属弹性元件联轴器coupling with non-metallic elastic element轮胎式联轴器coupling with rubber type element橡胶板联轴器coupling with rubber plates弹性套柱销联轴器pin coupling with elastic sleeves梅花形弹性联轴器coupling with elastic spider弹性柱销齿式联轴器elastic pin coupling 12离合器离合器clutch 操纵离合器controlled clutch 自控离合器auto-controlled clutch机械离合器mechanically controlled clutch电磁离合器electromagnetic clutch超越离合器overrunning clutch滚柱离合器roller clutch楔块离合器sprag clutch离心离合器centrifugal clutch安全离合器safety clutch单向离合器one-way clutch双作用离合器dual clutch同步离合器synchro clutch牙嵌式离合器Jaw clutch摩擦式离合器friction clutch闸带离合器brake-band clutch磁粉离合器magnetic powder clutch接合过程（离合器）engaging(clutch)接合时间（离合器）engaging time(clutch)分离时间（离合器）disengaging time (clutch) 13制动器制动器brake牙嵌式制动器Jaw brake带式制动器band brake块式制动器block brake摩擦制动器friction brake非摩擦制动器non-friction brake常开制动器normally disengaged brake常闭制动器normally engaged brake电磁涡流制动器electromagnetic whirlpool brake磁滞制动器magnetic remanence brake制动衬片brake lining制动块brake piece制动鼓brake drum制动蹄brake shoe制动瓦shoes of brakes 14滑动轴承轴承bearing滑动轴承plain bearing, sliding-contact bearing整体式滑动轴承solid bearing剖分式滑动轴承split plain bearing径向滑动轴承plain purnal bearing止推滑动轴承plain thrust bearing径向止推滑动轴承thrust-purnal bearing液体动压滑动轴承hydrodynamic bearing液体静压滑动轴承hydrostatic bearing气体静压滑动轴承aerodynamic bearing固体润滑滑动轴承bearing with solid lubricant自润滑滑动轴承self-lubricating bearing多孔质滑动轴承porous bearing磁力滑动轴承magnetic bearing静电轴承electrostatic bearing自动调心滑动轴承plain self-aligning bearing浮环滑动轴承floating bearing可倾瓦块滑动轴承tilting-pad bearing椭圆滑动轴承elliptic bearing粉末冶金滑动轴承powder metallurgy bearing多楔滑动轴承lobed plain bearing多油楔滑动轴承multi-oil wedge bearing塑料轴承plastic bearing宝石轴承jewel bearing橡胶轴承rubber bearing多油叶滑动轴承bobed bearing轴颈journal轴瓦liner轴承衬bearing liner轴套bearing bush油槽oil groove油孔oil hole油道oil duct油腔oil recess, oil pocket封油面land补偿器（静压轴承compensator (hydrostatic bearing)节流器（静压轴承restrictor (hydrostatic bearing)减磨轴承材料anti-friction bearing material烧结轴承材料sintered bearing material复合轴承材料compost bearing material自润滑轴承材料self-lubricating bearing material摩擦相容性frictional conpatibility摩擦顺应性frictional conformability嵌入性embeddability磨合性running-in ability相对耐磨性relative wear resitance轴承径向载荷bearing radial load轴承轴向载荷bearing axial load轴承润滑油流量oil flow in bearing轴心轨迹locus of journal bearing磨损度wear intensity轴承承载能力bearing load carrying capacity偏心率relative eccentricity偏位角attitude angle楔效应wedge effect挤压效应squeeze effect轴承压强bearing mean specific load临界油膜厚度oil film critical thickness油膜刚度oil film stiffness油膜振荡oil whirl气膜振荡gas whirl 15滚动轴承滚动轴承rolling bearing 单列轴承single row bearing双列轴承double row bearing装满滚动体的轴承full complement bearing角接触轴承angular contact bearing调心轴承self-aligning bearing剖分轴承split bearing密封圈轴承sealed bearing防尘盖轴承shielded bearing预润滑轴承prelubricated bearing仪器精密轴承instrument precision bearing锥孔轴承tapered bore bearing凸缘轴承flanged bearing推力轴承thrust bearing角接触推力轴承angular contact bearing单向推力轴承single direction thrust bearing 双向推力轴承double direction thrust bearing直线（运动）轴承linear (motion) bearing球轴承ball bearing 向心球轴承redial bearing深沟球轴承deep groove ball bearing 装填槽球轴承filling slot balll bearing四点接触轴承four-point contact ball bearing滚子轴承roller bearing向心滚子轴承radial roller bearing圆柱滚子轴承cylindrical roller bearing圆锥滚子轴承tapered roller bearing滚针轴承needle roller bearing调心滚子轴承self-aligning roller bearing交叉滚子轴承crossed roller bearing轴承套圈bearing ring内圈inner ring 外圈outer ring止动环locating snap ring锁圈retaining snap ring密封圈seal (bearing)防尘盖shield (bearing)滚动体rolling element滚针needle roller保持架cage成对安装（滚动轴承）paired mounting (rolling bearing)背对背配置（滚动轴承）back to back arrangement (rolling bearing)面对面配置（滚动轴承）face to face arrangement (rolling bearing)轴承系列（滚动轴承）bearing series (rolling bearing)尺寸系列（滚动轴承）dimension series (rolling bearing)直径系列（滚动轴承）diameter series (rolling bearing)宽度系列（滚动轴承）width series (rolling bearing)高度系列（滚动轴承）height series (rolling bearing)外形尺寸（滚动轴承）boundary dimension (rolling bearing)轴承宽度bearing width轴承内径bearing bore diameter轴承外径bearing outside diameter静载荷static load动载荷dynamic load摆动载荷oscillating load变载荷fluctuating load当量载荷equivalent load额定寿命rating life基本额定寿命basic rating life修正额定寿命adjusted rating life径向载荷系数radial load factor轴向载荷系数axial load factor寿命系数life factor速度系数speed factor 16弹簧弹簧spring螺旋弹簧helical spring圆柱螺旋压缩弹簧cylindrical helical compression spring圆柱螺旋拉伸弹簧cylindrical helical tension spring圆柱螺旋扭转弹簧cylindrical helical torsion spring不等节距圆柱螺旋弹簧variable pitch cylindrical helical spring多股螺旋弹簧stranded wire helical spring密圈螺旋弹簧tightly coiled helical spring截锥螺旋弹簧conical spring截锥涡卷弹簧volute spring平面涡卷弹簧spiral spring碟形弹簧belleville spring环形弹簧ring spring板弹簧leaf spring等刚度弹簧constant rate (stiffness) spring变刚度弹簧variable rate (stiffness) spring组合弹簧combined spring片弹簧flat spring橡胶弹簧rubber spring空气弹簧air spring节距(弹簧)pitch (spring)自由高度(弹簧)free height (spring)工作高度(弹簧)working height (spring)工作载荷specified load极限载荷ultimate load总圈数total number of coils有效圈数effective coil number极限高度height under ultimate load弹簧中径mean diameter of coil旋绕比(弹簧)spring index (spring)曲度系数(弹簧)curvature correction factor (spring)高径比(弹簧)slender ratio (spring)压并载荷(弹簧)solid load (spring)压并高度(弹簧)solid height (spring)扭转角torsion angle弹簧柔度flexibility of spring 17传动一般传动装置transmission, driving传动比speed ratio, transmission ratio增速比speed increasing ratio减速比speed reducing ratio 无级变速infinitely variable speed减速器speed reducer18齿轮传动齿轮传动gear drive齿轮gear平行轴齿轮传动gear drive with parallel axes相交轴齿轮传动gear drive with intersecting axes交错轴齿轮传动gear drive with non-parallel non-intersecting axes小齿轮pinion大齿轮wheel, gear主动齿轮driving gear从动齿轮driven gear外齿轮external gear内齿轮internal gear中心距center distance齿数比gear ratio连心线line of centers轴交角shaft angle轴平面axial plane基准平面datum plane法平面normal plane基本齿廓basic rack tooth profile基本齿条basic rack产形齿条counterpart rack 轮齿gear teeth齿槽tooth space左旋齿left-hand teeth右旋齿right-hand teeth齿面tooth flank同侧齿面corresponding flanks异侧齿面opposite flanks工作齿面working flank非工作齿面non-working flank相啮合齿面mating flank共轭齿面conjugate flank齿根过渡曲面fillet齿顶crest齿槽底面bottom land齿廓tooth profile端面齿廓transverse profile法向齿廓normal profile轴向齿廓axial profile背锥齿廓back cone tooth profile渐开线齿廓involute profile直线齿廓straight-side profile摆线齿廓cycloidal profile圆弧齿廓circular arc profile共轭齿廓conjugate profile齿高tooth depth齿顶高addendum齿根高dedendum弦齿高chordal height齿宽facewidth齿厚tooth thickness模数module端面模数transverse module法向模数normal module轴向模数axial module径节diametral pitch节径pitch diameter 齿数number of teeth当量齿数virtual number of teeth头数number of threads圆柱螺旋线circular helix圆锥螺旋线conical spiral螺旋角helix angle导程lead导程角lead angle阿基米德螺线Archimedes spiral摆线cycloid长幅摆线prolate cycloid短幅摆线curtate cycloid外摆线epicycloid长幅外摆线prolate epicycloid短幅外摆线curtate epicycloid内摆线hypocycloid渐开线involute延伸渐开线prolate involute缩短渐开线curtate involute球面渐开线spherical involute阿基米德螺旋面screw helicoid球面渐开螺旋面spherical involute helicoid圆环面toroid干涉interference齿廓修形profile modification修缘tip relie齿向修形axial modification齿端修薄end relief鼓形齿crowned teeth根切（挖根）undercut啮合engagement啮合线path of contact端面啮合线transverse path of contact啮合曲面surface of action作用角angle of transmission总作用角total angle of transmission作用弧overlap arc总作用弧total over