暖通空调论文.doc

暖通空调专业简介 我所学专业是建筑环境与设备工程。一开始对此专业毫不了解，通过对各种专业课的学习，逐渐了解了该专业的主要研究领域。本专业培养具备室内环境设备系统及建筑公共设施系统的设计、安装调试、运行管理及国民经济各部门所需的特殊环境的研究开发的基础理论知识及能力，能在设计研究院、建筑工程公司、物业管理公司及相关的科研、生产、教学等单位从事工作的高级工程技术人才。主要课程有：工程热力学、传热学、流体力学、建筑环境学机械设计基础、自动控制原理、流体输配管网、热质交换原理与设备、建筑给排水工程、建筑电气、空调技术、制冷技术、供热工程、设备自动化、锅炉及锅炉房设备、工业通风、建筑设备自动化、建筑电气、高层民用建筑空调设计、燃气工程、建筑设备工程预算等。其中暖通方向是发展较为完备并且十分重要的区域。在北方，冬季需要供暖，涉及暖通。暖通在学科分类中的全称为供热供燃气通风及空调工程，包括：采暖、通风、空气调节这三个方面，从功能上说是建筑的一个组成部分。暖通的英文缩写HVAC(Heating,Ventilating and Air Conditioning)。 暖通空调是分户的中央空调，中央空调它最大特点,是能够创造一种舒适的室内环境。而家居一般的分体的空调，它只能解决冷暖问题，而解决不了空气处理过程。现在，有了暖通空调就不一样了。现在这个空气处理过程它有以下这些过程：首先是空气进来以后，除了引进新风以外，可以把空气进行冷却处理，然后就进行过滤处理，过滤处理以后，增加了几大特点：第一就增加电子除尘器.，它主要可以捕捉非常小的颗粒的灰尘，一般来讲它可以捕捉一个微米的灰尘，而这个灰尘的范围内大部分都是细菌、病毒、烟尘，或者是异味这样就都可以过滤掉；另外就是会增加一种加湿设备，这个加湿器可以创造我们房间的加湿达到40%左右的相对湿度，这样人会感到很舒适。在我国的建筑行业，一直以“建筑设计院”牵头。一个建筑项目确立之后，首先由某个建筑设计院进行总体设计。建筑的总体设计包括许多分项，一般如下：建筑设计，结构设计，基础设计，电力（强、弱电）设计，给排水设计，暖通设计，配套园林绿化景观设计等等。暖通设计（如果该项目需要）是指该项目中的所需要的“空气调节系统”简称“空调系统”。一般“空调系统”包括制冷供暖系统，新风系统，排风（排油烟）系统等的综合设计。所以说“暖通”从功能上说是建筑的一个组成部分。从建筑设计来说，他是建筑设计的一个分项。并不是单指“空调”。需要说明的一点是：“空调”在一个建筑中可能是“中央空调系统”，也可能是“中央空调与独立空调的混合系统”，也可能全部是“独立空调的系统”。一切根据建筑的功能以及投资者的意向和实际需要而定。 空调是用人为的方法处理室内空气的温度、湿度、洁净度和气流速度的系统。可使某些场所获得具有一定温度、湿度和空气质量的空气，以满足使用者及生产过程的要求和改善劳动卫生和室内气候条件。按空气处理设备的集中程度划分为以下几类：一、集中空调系统。所有空气处理设备（风机、过滤器、加热器、冷却器、加湿器、减湿器和制冷机组等）都集中在空调机房内，空气处理后，由风管送到各空调房里。这种空调系统热源和冷源也是集中的。它处理空气量大，运行可靠，便于管理和维修，但机房占地面积大。 二、半集中空调系统。集中在空调机房的空气处理设备，仅处理一部分空气，另外在分散的各空调房间内还有空气处理设备。它们或对室内空气进行就地处理，或对来自集中处理设备的空气进行补充再处理。诱导系统、风机盘管+新风系统就是这种半集中式空调系统的典型例子 。三、局部式空调系统。此系统是将空气处理设备全部分散在空调房间内，因此局部式空调系统又称为分散式空调系统。通常使用的各种空调器就属于此类。空调器将室内空气处理设备、室内风机等与冷热源与制冷剂输出系统分别集中在一个箱体内。 分散式空调只向室内输送冷热载体，而风在房间内的风机盘管内进行处理。按采用新风量的划分为：一、直流式系统。又称全新风空调系统。空调器处理的空气为全新风，送到各房间进热湿交换后全部排放到室外，没有回风管。这种系统卫生条件好，能耗大，经济性差，用于有有害气体产生的车间。实验室等。二、闭式系统。空调系统处理的空气全部再循环，不补充新风的系统。系统能耗小，卫生条件差，需要对空气中氧气再生和备有二氧化碳吸式装置。如用于地下建筑及潜艇的空调等。三、混合式系统。空调器处理的空气由回风和新风混合而成。它兼有直流式和闭式的优点，应用比较普遍，如宾馆、剧场等场所的空调系统。正是由于我们专业的存在，并一直努力设计创新更多更好的设备以供调节改善人们的生活环境以及生活方式，提高人们的生活水平。城镇建筑环境的供暖、通风、空调及制冷系统安装、调试及运行管理需要我们的存在，建筑电气的设计业需要我们的协助。为了创造更好的生活舒适度，我们一直在奋斗着，努力发展我们的专业，进行更深入的研究，希望能创造出更美好的明天。我也要努力学习跟多的专业知识，希望毕业后成为设备工程师，创造出更优越的生活环境。 Hvac professional introduction What I learned is professional construction environment and equipment engineering. A began the process of professional knew nothing, through various major area of study, came to know the professional the main research field. This specialized raise has the equipment system and indoor environment construction of the public facilities system design, installation, and operation management of the sectors of the national economy and the special environment of the research and development of the basic theory of knowledge and ability, can in design institute, construction engineering company, property management company and the correlation of scientific research, production, teaching, and other units engaged in the work of the senior engineering and technical personnel. Main course: engineering thermodynamics, heat transfer and fluid mechanics, mechanical design, building environment based automatic control principle, fluid pipeline network, heat and mass transfer principle and equipment, building water supply and drainage engineering, building electric, air conditioning technology, refrigeration technology, heating engineering, equipment automation, boiler and boiler room equipment, industrial ventilation, construction equipment automation, building electrical, high civil buildings air conditioning design, gas engineering, construction equipment engineering budget, etc. Among them is the development direction of hvac more complete and important areas. In the north, the winters need heating, involves the hvac. In the subject classification of the heating, ventilation and heat supply called gas air conditioning project, including: heating, ventilation, air conditioning these three aspects, from the function of the building is a part. HVAC the abbreviation of HVAC (Heating, Ventilating and Air Conditioning). Individual hvac is the central air conditioning, the central air conditioning it biggest characteristic, is able to create a kind of comfortable indoor environment. And the general of the air conditioning does household, it can solve the problem changes in temperature, and can not solve the air treatment process. Now, with the air conditioning is not the same. Now the air treatment process it has the following these process: first is the air in later, in addition to introduce outside air, can put the air for cooling treatment, then filtering processing, filtering processing after, increase a few major characteristics: first increases electronic precipitator., it basically can capture very small particles of dust, in general it can capture a micron of dust, and the dust within the scope of the most are bacteria, viruses, smoke, or is peculiar smell so that it can filter out; Another is to increase a humidifying equipment, the diffuser can create our room humidifying reached about 40% relative humidity, so that people will feel very comfortable. In our countrys construction industry, has been to the architectural design institute lead. An architectural project after establishment, the first by a architectural design institute in overall design. Construction of the overall design including many breakdown, general as follows: architectural design, structure design, the foundation design, power (strong, ba) design, water supply and drainage design, hvac design, matching garden afforestation landscape design, and so on. Hvac design (if the project need) is to point to the project of the need air conditioning system hereinafter referred to as air conditioning system. General air conditioning system including cooling heating system, fresh air system, and exhaust (platoon lampblack) system and the integrated design. So say hvac from the function of the building is a part. From the architecture design for, he is building design of a breakdown. And not only refers to air conditioning. Need to say that point is: air conditioning in a building may be the central air conditioning system, also may be central air conditioning and independent air-conditioning mixing system, may also are all independent air-conditioning system. According to the function of the building and all the intent of the investors and the actual requires. Air conditioning is for the method to deal with the indoor air temperature, humidity, cleanliness and airflow velocity of the system. Can make for some places with certain temperature, humidity and air quality air, to meet the requirements of the users and the production process and improve labor health and indoor climate conditions. According to the air treatment equipment concentration is divided into the following categories: a, central air conditioning system. All air treatment equipment (fan, filters, heater, cooler, humidifier, minus the wet and refrigeration unit, etc.) are concentrated in the air conditioner, air handling, the duct to all the air conditioning. This kind of air-conditioning system heat source and cold source is concentrated. It handles the air quantity, reliable operation, easy to management and maintenance, but computer room covers an area of big. Two and a half, central air conditioning system. Concentration in the air conditioning room air treatment equipment, only deal with part of the air, and in the scattered the air-conditioned room in the and air treatment equipment. They or in indoor air for in situ treatment, or on the air treatment equipment from complement to deal with. Induction system, fan coil + fresh air system is the half the typical example of central air-conditioning systems. Three, local type air conditioning system. This system is will air treatment equipment in air conditioning room all scattered, so local type air conditioning system called distributed air conditioning system. Usually use a variety of air conditioner will belong to such. Air conditioner will indoor air treatment equipment, indoor fan and cooling and heat sources and refrigerants output system, concentrated in a box in vivo. Distributed only to indoor air conveying cold heat carrier, and the winds in the room of the fan tube plate for processing. According to the new air is divided into: a, straight streaming system. Also called smoke-expelling air conditioning system. Air conditioner processing of air to all the fresh air, to all the room into hot wet after exchange all discharged outside, not back to duct. This system health conditions, a lot of energy, economy is poor, used to have harmful gas produce workshop. LABS, etc. Second, close system. Air conditioning system treatment all air recycling, not added the new system. System energy consumption is small, poor sanitation, need to air oxygen in the regeneration and have carbon dioxide suction style device. As for an underground building and submarine air conditioning. Three, the h