北极星综合写作解析.doc

北极星综合写作解析By杨阳【原文】Donating part of ones income to public causes, known as charitable giving, used to be a common practice. But, in the United States charitable giving has declined substantially in recent years, and, for several reasons, it is unlikely to increase in the future.【中文释义】将自己收入的一部分捐给公共事业，即慈善捐赠，曾经是人们的习惯做法。但在美国，慈善捐赠近来却大大减少了，并且，因为以下的几个理由，在将来它也不会再有所增加。【词汇注释】donate 捐赠cause 事业charitable 慈善的substantially 相当大的【同义词扩展】contribute drastically significantly【写作实用句型积累】1. known as charitable giving, 即、2. it is unlikely to increase in the future.，不可能、【原文】One reason that charitable giving has fallen is simply that there is less need for charitable giving, because the United States government now provides most of the important public services. The government assumes much of the victims of natural disasters-functions that charities used to perform. These government institutions of social welfare are permanent, and so the diminished need for private charitable giving will also be permanent.【中文释义】慈善捐赠减少的第一个理由就是对其的需求变少了，因为美国政府现在承担了重大公共服务的大部分，政府也承担了过去由慈善组织承担的救助自然灾害灾民的功能。这些政府中的社会福利部门会长久存在，所以对私人慈善捐赠的日渐微弱的需求也会持续下去。【词汇注释】assume 承担perform 履行social welfare 社会福利permanent 永久的【同义词扩展】undertake，take on，ever-lasting【写作实用句型积累】natural disasters-functions that charities used to perform 定语从句【原文】Another reason people are, and will be, giving less to charities is that in the past few years there have been highly publicized disclosures that the managers of some prominent national charities were receiving huge salaries and other benefits as large or larger than salaries of heads of major for-profit corporations. These salaries and expenses for travel,fancy offices,and advertising significantly reduce the percentage of donated money that went to charitable purposes.Naturally people have been turned off by these excesses and inefficiencies.【中文释义】另外一个人们较少捐赠财物给慈善组织并且会持续如此的原因是：在过去的几年间一些重要的全国性的慈善组织的经理屡屡被公开曝光，直指其薪水高昂、收受好处，价值直追大型盈利集团的领导。这些履行、豪华办公室和广告的开支减少了善款用在慈善用途的比重。自然这些过分和效率低下的做法会令人们无比反感。【词汇注释】publicize 公布disclosure 揭发for-profit 盈利的turn off 反感【同义词扩展】publicize: to give publicity to; bring to public notice; advertisedisclosure: exposure; revelation; uncovering 【写作实用句型积累】as large or larger than 和、一样大甚至更大【原文】Finally, beyond the shortcomings of legitimate charities, there has been an increasing number of fraudulent solicitations by organizations or individuals who merely pose as charities. As a result, people are now becoming skeptical even about what are in fact legitimate appeals for support. So potential donors are starting to give less and give less frequnently. And since the incidence of charity fraud seems to be increasing, we can expect further declines in charitable giving as people become more concerned that they are being taken advantage of. 【中文释义】最后，除了合法慈善机构的缺点之外，种种个人或组织骗钱打着慈善的幌子骗钱的做法层出不穷。结果造成人们即便面对合法的慈善组织募捐活动也是疑虑丛生。所以潜在的捐助者也就越来越少了。既然慈善欺诈的发生率越来越高，我们可以预见慈善捐助会越来越少，因为人们更加担心自己被利用了。【词汇注释】legitimate 合法的fraudulent 欺骗的solicitation 募款skeptical 怀疑的【同义词扩展】legitimate：legal lawful reasonablefraudulent： deceitful dishonest untrue【阅读听力要点点睛】Reading LectureThe need for charitable giving is declining for its function is being replacing by the government and the institution in it. 对慈善捐助的需求变少了，因为政府和政府部门承担了此功能的大部分。The increasing number of the poor or retired people, who can not afford the payment of house care, and the government have to pay for the money instead of them. Thus, these government institutions of social welfare will not be permanent.退休人数日益增加，政府无法支付全部费用，这需要慈善捐助作为补充。The waste and luxurious behavior of the managers in the charities aroused public disdain. 慈善组织的经理们的奢侈浪费引起了公众的反感。The managers of nation charities who receive huge salaries and other benefits cause public anger. The anger will bring more efficient management and benefit to the charitable giving.曝光并引起众怒后的慈善机构会汲取教训，以更加高效廉洁的作风工作。Some fake and evil-minded organizations and individuals deceived people