language and culture英语论文.doc

The language and the social cultureIntroductionThe language and the culture belong to the social phenomenon, the language, one of social cultural essential factors, which is the cultural carrier. The culture is handed down through language, they have close relationship. The language is used in the certain cultural context, the language use receives cultural the restriction, the differences between languages have reflected the differences of national culture. Because each nationalitys geographical position, the historical development, the thinking mode, the habits and customs, the value , the religious belief and so on are different, thus has formed the different cultural standard, namely so-called cultural difference. The culture teaches people how to use the language, but certain language forms only then in the specific cultural context, can have the related language human relations significance. Like the Chinese culture adopts frequently from censures or the denial form replied the commendation shows modestly, but English nationality then adopts the affirmation form, replies Thank you”. The human relations ability both included four languages abilities (to listen, to say, to read, writes), and has included the social culture ability, namely could carry on the harmonious human relations with another kind of cultural person the ability. In in the Trans-Culture background language learning environment, the biggest barrier is the cultural difference brings the influence. Therefore, lacks the understanding of the culture, we cant communicate easily and we may misunderstand each other语言和文化均属于社会现象，语言是社会文化的要素之一，是文化的载体，文化通过语言的存储与传播而时代相传，两者关系密切。语言是在一定的文化背景中使用的，语言的使用受到文化的制约，不同的语言反映了不同的民族文化差异。由于各个民族的地理位置、历史发展、思维方式、生活习惯、价值观念、宗教信仰等不同，从而形成了不同的文化规范，即所谓的文化差异。文化教会人们如何使用语言，而某些语言形式只有在特定的文化背景中，才能产生相关的语言交际意义。如中国文化经常采取自贬或否定形式回答称赞以示谦虚，而英语民族则采取肯定形式，回答“Thank you.”。交际能力既包括了四种语言能力（听、说、读、写），又包括了社会文化能力，即能够与另一种文化的人进行和谐交际的能力。在跨文化背景的语言学习环境中，最大的障碍是文化差异带来得影响。所以，缺乏文化的了解，必然会造成交际的无法顺利进行。Body It is well known, the person is the main part which the social group composes, was persons existence constituted the entire societys formation. Thus, a person speaks, a human relation way, even is the life custom, and the entire environment which is together with it is closely linked. At the same time, a persons words and deeds manner, also inevitably can come under the environment influence. Is not difficult to know that, the so-called human relation process is the people utilize the language knowledge and the social culture knowledge transmission information process. But two come from to the different region person, deeply oneself in environment influence, no matter isin speaks, handles matters, in the life custom, can have the enormous difference, therefore the study language and the understanding language reflected the cultural context knowledge is cannot separate.众所周知，人是社会群体组成的主要部分，是人的存在构成了整个社会的形成。从而，一个人说话，交际方式，甚至是生活的习惯，都与之相处的环境是息息相关的。同时，一个人的言行举止，也必然会受到周围环境的影响。不难得知，所谓的交际过程是人们运用语言知识和社会文化知识传递信息的过程。而两个来自于不同区域的人，深受自己所在环境的影响，不管是在说话，处事，生活习俗上，都会存在着极大的差异，所以学习语言与了解语言所反映的文化背景知识是分不开的。Because the cultural background is different, hold the person of dissimilarity language at confabulation, even the language be without any error accurate, will also produce misconstruction. Usually say because of a words can not body, make the hearer hold the belly cachinnation. The language reflects a characteristic of race and it not only includes history and cultural background of that race, but also contains that viewpoint, life style and mode of thinking of race to life. Language and culture influence each other, interplay; Comprehend the language has to understand culture, comprehend that the culture has to understand language. Pass various outlet, I understood more knowledge concerning the language and the cultural. Because of the difference of culture, usually discover audience hazing no a reflection to a certain joke that he speak at the person of foreign lecture. An inside country youth arrives a nearby swimming pool to swim, in a short while came back, a foreigner ask why, his explanation say:” Person in the swimming pool is too many and water is too dirty, early should change. Be like the sesame sauce cooks dumpling.” Another Chinese youth smiled, but that foreigner doesnt know that what sesame sauce is at all with cook dumpling. The basic felling doesnt arrive the slightest humor. Often said when Chinese met to say hello each other:” Did you eat?” But the foreigner will think that this kind of hello is to say:” I also didnt eat and lets walk to eat some thing together!” This kind of hello thinks that invites other people to have a meal. Also ever foreign scholars stammer Ba Di4 who just got to China said with the Chinese language:” You why old ask me have already eaten? I am rich. There is Good morning in English, Good afternoon, you good in the all equal to Chinese language of the Good evening. But Good noon, all of Good nights is take leave say of words. At the United States, often hear the American women talk how the work of her husband make great effort and do so outstanding, get reward etc.Would also the Kua how intelligent etc. of own sons and daughters. An American university starts the Chinese language vernacular speech training class, there are two teachers to teach and their native languages talk isnt all Chinese language. While have a class, the male teacher points oneself to say:” Is this a thing?” The female teacher shakes to say:” You arent a thing.” The male teacher asks again:” Are you a thing?” The female teachers answer:” No, I am not a thing. The Chinese perhaps will guess a ball in a shop(the inside of the porcelain store of bull) but imagine not speak English public eyes in of images head of cow sprays breath, enraged bull intrude into the inside of the store of put the full beautiful scenery china. However, the meaning of this kind of parlance BE: At an in proper form with clever demand bearing, the meticulous careful and attentive situation intrudes into a person with stupid behavior. In the Chinese culture, the turtle has two kinds of meanings: On the other hand symbolize longevity, and then call names on the other hand. But didnt associate so in the western culture, tortoise however is activity slow-moving, ugly animal just. Say for China, the bat is a good luck, health, happy symbol. These association of thoughts may come to name-Fu and blessing of word bat together sound. At the foreign country, people speak of bat, thought of ugly and brutish image. Therefore in we communicate with foreigner, we should every moment notice an own language由于文化背景不同，操不同语言的人在交谈时，即使语言准确无误，也会产生误会。常常由于一句话说得不得体，使听者捧腹大笑. 语言反映一个民族的特征，它不仅包含着该民族的历史和文化背景，而且蕴藏着该民族对人生的看法、生活方式和思维方式。 语言与文化互相影响，互相作用;理解语言必须了解文化，理解文化必须了解语言。通过各种渠道，我了解到了更多有关于语言与文化方面的知识。 由于文化上的差异，在外国演讲的人经常发现听众对他讲的某个笑话毫无反映。然而在国内同一个笑话会使听众笑的人仰马翻。 一个中国青年到附近游泳池游泳，一会儿就回来了，一个外国人问为什么，他解释说：“游泳池里人太多，水太脏，早该换了。像芝麻酱煮饺子。”另一个中国青年笑了，而那个外国人根本不知道什么是芝麻酱和煮饺子。根本感觉不到丝毫幽默。 中国人见面互相打招呼时，常说：“你吃了吗？”而外国人会以为这种招呼是说：“我也没有吃，我们一起走吃点东西吧！”这种招呼以为只邀请别人来吃饭。也曾经一位刚到中国的外国学者结巴巴地用汉语说：“你们为什么老问我吃了没有？我有钱。” 英语中有Good morning，Good afternoon，Good evening 都相当于汉语中的“您好”。但 Good noon，Good night都是告别时说的话。在美国，常会听到美国妇女谈她丈夫工作如何努力，干得这样出色，得到奖励等。也会夸自己的子女多么聪明等。然而在中国就会认为这样俗气。 一所美国大学开办汉语口语训练班，有两位教师来教，他们的本族语言都不是汉语。上课时，男老师指指自己说：“这是东西吗？”女教师摇摇头说：“你不是东西。”男教师又问：“你是东西吗？”女教师回答：“不，我不是东西。” 中国人也许会猜得出a ball in a shop（瓷店里的公牛）但想象不出说英语人心目中的形象：一头牛喷着鼻息，怒气冲冲地公牛闯进摆满景致瓷器的店里。然而，这种说法的意思是：在一个需要举止灵巧得体，细致周密的场合闯进一个行为粗鲁的人。 在中国文化中，龟有两种意义：一方面象征长寿，另一方面则是骂人。但是在西方文化中没有这样联想，乌龟不过是行动缓慢，其貌不扬的动物而已。 对于中国来说，蝙蝠是吉祥，健康，幸福的象征。这些联想可能来字蝙蝠的名称蝠与福同音。在外国，人们提到蝙蝠，就想到丑陋凶恶的形象。 因此在我们与外国人交流中，我们应该时时刻刻的注意自己的语言Conclusion Language is closely related to culture. Language expresses and embodies cultural reality. If we are in different countries, we must know their cultures, thus, we can use the language freely. On the oth