2019版高考英语大二轮复习 第二部分 阅读理解 14 科普知识类课件

专题十四科普知识类 2 2018全国 Abuild it yourselfsolarstill 蒸馏器 isoneofthebestwaystoobtaindrinkingwaterinareaswheretheliquidisnotreadilyavailable DevelopedbytwodoctorsintheU S DepartmentofAgriculture it sanexcellentwatercollector Unfortunately youmustcarrythenecessaryequipmentwithyou sinceit sallbutimpossibletofindnaturalsubstitutes Theonlycomponentsrequired though area5 5 sheetofclearorslightlymilkyplastic sixfeetofplastictube andacontainer perhapsjustadrinkingcup tocatchthewater Thesepiecescanbefoldedintoaneatlittlepackandfastenedonyourbelt 3 Toconstructaworkingstill useasharpstickorrocktodigaholefourfeetacrossandthreefeetdeep Trytomaketheholeinadampareatoincreasethewatercatcher sproductivity Placeyourcupinthedeepestpartofthehole Thenlaythetubeinplacesothatoneendrestsallthewayinthecupandtherestofthelinerunsup andout thesideofthehole Next covertheholewiththeplasticsheet securingtheedgesoftheplasticwithdirtandweightingthesheet scenterdownwitharock Theplasticshouldnowformacone 圆锥体 with45 degree angledsides Thelowpointofthesheetmustbecentereddirectlyover andnomorethanthreeinchesabove thecup 4 Thesolarstillworksbycreatingagreenhouseundertheplastic Groundwaterevaporates 蒸发 andcollectsonthesheetuntilsmalldropsofwaterform rundownthematerial andfalloffintothecup Whenthecontainerisfull youcansucktherefreshmentoutthroughthetube andwon thavetobreakdownthestilleverytimeyouneedadrink 5 32 Whatdoweknowaboutthesolarstillequipmentfromthefirstparagraph A It sdelicate B It sexpensive C It scomplex D It sportable 33 Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase thewatercatcher inparagraph2referto A Thetube B Thestill C Thehole D Thecup 34 Whatisthelaststepofconstructingaworkingsolarstill A Digaholeofacertainsize B Putthecupinplace C Weightthesheet scenterdown D Covertheholewiththeplasticsheet 6 35 Whenasolarstillworks dropsofwatercomeintothecupfrom A theplastictubeB outsidetheholeC theopenairD beneaththesheet 7 文章结构 8 难点分析 Unfortunately youmustcarrythenecessaryequipmentwithyou sinceit sallbutimpossibletofindnaturalsubstitutes 不幸的是 你必须随身携带这些必备的仪器 因为要找到天然的替代品几乎是不可能的 分析 since 是原因状语从句 it是形式主语 tofind 是不定式作真正的主语 allbut意为 几乎 Whenthecontainerisfull youcansucktherefreshmentoutthroughthetube andwon thavetobreakdownthestilleverytimeyouneedadrink 当容器装满了水 你就可以通过吸水管把这些提神的水吸出来 而不必每次饮水时都要把装置拆掉 分析 该句中的 everytimeyouneedadrink 是时间状语从句 表示 每当 的时候 9 语篇导读 美国农业部的两位博士研制出一种蒸馏器 在水资源短缺的区域 这是一种非常不错的获得饮用水的设备 32 D推理判断题 从文章第一段的 Thesepiecescanbefoldedintoaneatlittlepackandfastenedonyourbelt 可知 这种集水器设备携带起来很方便 人们可以把它折叠成一个小包并系在腰带上 33 B词义猜测题 从文章第二段的 Toconstructaworkingstill 和画线词后的productivity可推断出画线部分指的是thestill 34 C细节理解题 从文章第三段的 Next covertheholewiththeplasticsheet securingtheedgesoftheplasticwithdirtandweightingthesheet scenterdownwitharock 可知 用塑料布把洞穴覆盖 并把塑料布的边缘用泥土弄牢 最后把一块石头压在塑料布的中心 因此选C项 10 35 D推理判断题 从文章最后一段的 Groundwaterevaporatesandcollectsonthesheetuntilsmalldropsofwaterform rundownthematerialandfalloffintothecup 可知 这种蒸馏器的工作原理是创造一个温室 地面的水向上蒸发并在塑料布上聚集形成小水滴 然后水滴顺着塑料布流下来落到杯子里 11 A 2018天津 C There sanewfrontierin3Dprintingthat sbeginningtocomeintofocus food Recentdevelopmenthasmadepossiblemachinesthatprint cook andservefoodsonamassscale Andtheindustryisn tstoppingthere FoodproductionWitha3Dprinter acookcanprintcomplicatedchocolatesculpturesandbeautifulpiecesfordecorationonaweddingcake Noteverybodycandothat ittakesyearsofexperience butaprintermakesiteasy ArestaurantinSpainusesaFoodinito re createformsandpieces offoodthatare exactlythesame freeingcookstocompleteothertasks Inanotherrestaurant allofthedishesanddessertsitservesare3D printed ratherthanfarmtotable 12 Sustainability 可持续性 Theglobalpopulationisexpectedtogrowto9 6billionby2050 andsomeanalystsestimatethatfoodproductionwillneedtoberaisedby50percenttomaintaincurrentlevels Sustainabilityisbecominganecessity 3Dfoodprintingcouldprobablycontributetothesolution Someexpertsbelieveprinterscouldusehydrocolloids 水解胶体 fromplentifulrenewableslikealgae 藻类 andgrasstoreplacethefamiliaringredients 烹饪原料 3Dprintingcanreducefueluseandemissions Grocerystoresofthefuturemightstock food thatlastsyearsonend freeingupshelfspaceandreducingtransportationandstoragerequirements 13 NutritionFuture3Dfoodprinterscouldmakeprocessedfoodhealthier HodLipson aprofessoratColumbiaUniversity said Foodprintingcouldallowconsumerstoprintfoodwithcustomizednutritionalcontent likevitamins Soinsteadofeatingapieceofyesterday sbreadfromthesupermarket you deatsomethingbakedjustforyouondemand 14 ChallengesDespiterecentadvancementsin3Dfoodprinting theindustryhasmanychallengestoovercome Currently mostingredientsmustbechangedtoapaste 糊状物 beforeaprintercanusethem andtheprintingprocessisquitetime consuming becauseingredientsinteractwitheachotherinverycomplexways Ontopofthat mostofthe3Dfoodprintersnowarerestrictedtodryingredients becausemeatandmilkproductsmayeasilygobad Someexpertsareskepticalabout3Dfoodprinters believingtheyarebettersuitedforfastfoodrestaurantsthanhomesandhigh endrestaurants 语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文 主要介绍一项新的3D食物打印技术 分别介绍食物打印的省时高效特点 所使用的原料的可持续性 提供顾客所需要的营养以及目前技术推广面临的挑战等 15 1 Whatbenefitdoes3Dprintingbringtofoodproduction A Ithelpscookstocreatenewdishes B Itsavestimeandeffortincooking C Itimprovesthecookingconditions D Itcontributestorestaurantdecorations 答案 解析 16 2 Whatcanwelearnabout3DfoodprintingfromParagraph3 A Itsolvesfoodshortageseasily B Itquickensthetransportationoffood C Itneedsnospaceforthestorageoffood D Itusesrenewablematerialsassourcesoffood 答案 解析 17 3 AccordingtoParagraph4 3D printedfood A ismoreavailabletoconsumersB canmeetindividualnutritionalneedsC ismoretastythanfoodinsupermarketsD cankeepallthenutritioninrawmaterials 答案 解析 18 4 Whatisthemainfactorthatprevents3Dfoodprintingfromspreadingwidely A Theprintingprocessiscomplicated B 3Dfoodprintersaretooexpensive C Foodmaterialshavetobedry D Someexpertsdoubt3Dfoodprinting 答案 解析 19 5 Whatcouldbethebesttitleofthepassage A 3DFoodPrinting DeliciousNewTechnologyB ANewWaytoImprove3DFoodPrintingC TheChallengesfor3DFoodProductionD 3DFoodPrinting FromFarmtoTable 答案 解析 20 B 2018山东济南二模 ManypeopletraveledtoLasVegas Nevadalastweekforthe50thConsumerElectronicsShow orCES Theshowissaidtohavethelargestcollectionofnewelectronicdevicesintheworld Theshowhadmanyexamplesof smarthome devices Smarthome technologyisdesignedtomakelifeeasierforpeoplebylettingcomputerscontrolmanythingsinsideourhomes Onesuchdeviceactuallybeginsworkingoutsidethehome whensomeonearrivesandringsthedoorbell 21 Whensomeonecomestoyourfrontdoorandringsthedoorbell thelightcanturnonimmediately IgetanotificationwhenI mhalfwayaroundtheworldthatsomeonecame andIcanstarttalkingtothepersonwho satmyfrontdoor andIcansay Oh hereletmeletyouin Icanunlockthedoorforthemveryeasily saidVivint asmarthomeserviceprovider Oneelectronicsmakerlaunchedadevicethatletspeopleseeandinteractwiththeiranimalswhentheyareaway Thedevice fromPetcube letsyouremotelywatchandtalktoyourpetthroughapersonaldevice accordingtoacompanyofficial Itcanevengivethepetatreat ifyouapproveandorderit 22 Forheatingorcooling thereisasmartthermostat Thisdevicecanalsosendyouamessageifabigstormcausesleaksorflooding We retryingtocatchitwithjustafewdripsbeforeitbecomesareallybigproblem saidMikeSaleofiDevices Aconcernformanyhomeownersisthepossibilitythatsomeoneelsemightfindawaytoattackthesesmarthomedevices AnofficialfromVivintsaidhiscompanyissurethatonlyownersofthehomecangainuseofinformationonthedevices WarrenKatzfromiDevicessaidhiscompanyemploysengineersfromthedefenseindustrytohelppreventhacking 语篇解读 本文是一篇科技产品说明文 作者介绍了内华达州拉斯维加斯消费者电子产品展示