建筑学德国答辩.ppt

ThestudyofGreenbuildingcertificationsysteminGermanyAnalysisofDGNBcertificationsystem MasterthesisforHochschuleWismarMengHangxu 1 0Introduction2 0Background3 0ResearchofDGNBsystem4 0Designprocessandoutcomes5 0ReferencetoChina Nowadays thecontradictionofthelimitedresourceenvironmentwitheconomicdevelopmenthasbecomeabigchallengeofinternationalsocial Chinaisintheperiodthatindustrializationandurbanizationdevelopmentsofast theimprovementofresidentslivingconditions ononehand promotesthedevelopmentofconstruction ontheotherhandalsoenlargeenergydemandandconsumptionofthebuilding EachyearinChinahavenearlyabout20billionsquaremetersfornewbuildingarea theannualgrowthrateis9 Existingbuildingaremorethan400billionsquaremeters morethan95 arehigh energybuildings Buildingenergyconsumptionaccountsfornearlyone thirdofsocialterminal andcreatedaheavyburdenofenergyandseriousenvironmentalpollution thatrestrictthesustainabledevelopmentstrategyinChina Therefore buildingenergyefficiencyisoneofthemostimportantandconcernedareasofthewholesociety 1 1Theimportanceofbuildingenergyefficiency Thetotalconstructionareaofnewbuildingbetween1998 2007 Datasources Chinastatisticalyearbook2000 2008 1 1Theimportanceofbuildingenergyefficiency CompletionareaofbuildingForresidentialCityresidentialRuralresidential Billion Billion Billion Billion Germany Thefirstcountryintheworldtoachievereductiontarget Hasbeenreducedby19 ofgreenhousegases leadingdistantresults In2010year expectedtoreduceemissions21 Inbuildingenergyefficiency Germanyhasbeenattheforefrontoftheworld Hewasabletoachievesuccessstepbystep isthepolicydecisionthatrunsthroughthelongpersevereinthevocationaleducationandtraining legislativeandtaxsupportforacommonresult Veryfortunately IhavetheopportunitytostudyoneyearinGermany personallearningandresearchinGermany sbuildingenergysystem BylearningDGNBsysteminGermany tocomparewithdomesticsystem andtaketheessence 1 2WhytochooseGermany 1 0Introduction2 0Background3 0ResearchofDGNBsystem4 0Designprocessandoutcomes5 0ReferencetoChina From1952 therelevantconstructionstandardofGermanybegantomaketheminimuminsulationrequirements From1973 thefirstoilcrisis energyconservationbecameafocusofattentioninGermany In1977 thefirst Insulationregulations issues thenextfewyears peoplecontinuetorevisetherelevantcalculation requirementsincreasinglystrict 2 0Thebackgroundofsavingenergy In2002 ENEVreplacedthe insulationregulations peoplenolongerjudgetheenergyefficiencyofbuildingelementsasthestandard butthebuilding includingtechnologyandequipment asacompletesystemforevaluation ENEVmaketherequirementsraisedabout30 makethelowenergyhousinginthe insulationregulations intoauniversallyapplicablestandard Therefore therequirementsoftheexistingbuildingstomeettheenergyconsumptionlevelorbelowbyENEVcalledLow energybuilding whichshallnotexceedtheannualdemandforheating70kwh a 2 0Thebackgroundofsavingenergy ENEVstandardKFW40 55Passivehouse3 litrePlusenergyTriplezero 2 0Thebackgroundofsavingenergy 1 0Introduction2 0Background3 0ResearchofDGNBsystem4 0Designprocessandoutcomes5 0ReferencetoChina Therearethreestepstobuiltahouse 1 Dothefeasibilitystudyfirst itplaysaveryimportantroleininvestmentandoperationoftheproject 2 Getthepermissiontobuilt 3 Usethemeasurementstogetthecertification 3 1Germany sGreenBuildingAssessment 3 2 1ConceptofDGNBForplanningandevaluationofbuildings thereisanewandclearlystructuredtool TheGermanSustainableBuildingCertification Asmeritocraticratingsystem itcoversallrelevanttopicsofsustainableconstruction TheGermanSustainableBuildingCertificationwasdevelopedbytheGermanSustainableBuildingCouncil DGNB togetherwiththeFederalMinistryofTransport Building andUrbanAffairs BMVBS tobeusedasatoolfortheplanningandevaluationofbuildingsinthiscomprehensiveperspectiveonquality Thecertificateisbasedontheconceptofintegralplanningthatdefines atanearlystage theaimsofsustainableconstruction DGNBincludedgreenbuildingeconomic socialandculturalbuildingfeaturesandotherfactors Covertheconstructionindustrychain Representsthehighestlevelofthesecondgenerationofgreenbuildingassessmentsystem 3 2IntroductionofDGNBcertificationsystem 3 2 2TheadvantagefromDGNBtotheothergreenbuildingstandardintheworld LEEDstandard Currently thereareseveralgreenbuildingcertificationstandardsonthemarket allbelongtothefirstgenerationofgreenbuildingcertificationsystem Thefaceoftoday sworldofhumaninurbanconstructionproblemsandchallenges thefirstgenerationofgreenbuildingassessmentsystemobviouslyinadequate Firstgreenbuildingassessmentpartialemphasizeindividualtechnologyapplication lackofintegrity Theequipmentissimplesuperposition cannotreachenergy savingeffect butincreasedcostsandoperatingcosts Ignoretheimportanceofthebuildingincomprehensivefunctionsandperformance Firstgreenbuildingstandardscannotmeettherequirementsofownersandusers 3 2IntroductionofDGNBcertificationsystem 1 Theglobalenvironmentprotectedareclassified Naturalenvironmentandresources Economicvalue Healthandsocio cultural 2 Foreachtypeofprotectionsystemdevelopthecorrespondingprotectionobjectives EnvironmentalProtection Reducelife cycleconsumption Healthprotection 3 Theproportionofthetechnicalcomposition Programqualityis10 Fortherest eachremaining22 5 3 2IntroductionofDGNBcertificationsystem 3 2 3DevelopideasofDGNBcertificationsystem economicvalue naturevalue socialvalue Duringtheevaluation 6topicsareconsideredbythecertification EcologicalQualityEconomicalQualitySocio culturalandFunctionalQualityTechnicalQualityQualityoftheProcessQualityoftheLocation 3 2IntroductionofDGNBcertificationsystem 3 2 4Technicalcompositionandevaluationsystem DGNBassessmentconclusion Thesoftwaregeneratedvisualsummaryoftheassessmentplansinallfieldsofconstructionandthecompliancestatusofeachstandard 3 2IntroductionofDGNBcertificationsystem 3 2 5Assessmentandclassification LCA Lifecycleassessment Amethodologyforassessingtheenvironmentalperformanceofaproductoveritsfulllifecycle 3 3LifeCycleAssessment Materialextractionandprocessing Manufacturingofproduct Packaginganddistributiontoconsumer Productuse Endoflife BenefitsandavoidedenvironmentalimpactsofheritageconservationandrehabilitationcanbemeasuredthroughaLifeCycleAssessment LCA LCAfocusesonenvironmentalperformanceofconstructionandmaintenanceofabuildingoveritslife fromcradletograve Itmeasurestheenvironmental cost andenvironmentalfootprintofrehabilitationandnewconstruction LifeCycleAssessmentiswidelyacceptedasthebestmethodofdeterminingtheenvironmentalimpactofabuildingoveritslifetime Itiseffectivelyusedtosupportdecisionsinfavourofrenovationandrehabilitationovernewconstructionwhereenvironmentalconcernshaveahighpriority 3 3LifeCycleAssessment ENEVisapartoftheGermanconstructionlaw itwaseditionfrom2002 ThegoalofENEV2009istoreduceabout30 ofenergy SincethegovernmentcreatedtheENEV itnotonlyconsidersavingenergyproblems aswellaseconomicproblems 3 4ComparisonstudyofsavingenergystandardinGermany 3 4 1ENEVstandard lowenergy Creatorisanengineer themaingoalistoreduceenergyloss getbetterinsulation Thepassivehouseusesacombinationoflowenergybuildingtechniquesandtechnologies butwithmoreinsulation Passivehouseheatingthermaldemandofeachyearcannotexceed15kwh a about80 lessthanlowenergybuilding Theheatlossofpassivehouseisgreatlyreduced almostnolongerneedheating alsotomaintainacomfortableroomtemperatureinthewinter Iftheheatingarearequiredpersquaremeteroftheheatloadislessthan10w thenthetotalheatrequiredcanbeaddedfromprovidefreshair 3 4ComparisonstudyofsavingenergystandardinGermany 3 4 2Passivehouse Thehouseheatsandcoolsitself PlusEnergyisaconceptdevelopedbyRolfDischthatindicatesastructure sextremeenergyefficiencysothatitholdsapositiveenergybalance actuallyproducingmoreenergythanituses Excesselectricitycanbetransmittedtothepublicgridorotherusers Toreachitspositiveenergybalance PlusEnergyusesavarietyoftechniquestobothminimizeenergyuseandmaximizerenewableenergygeneration AnimportantdifferencebetweenthepassiveandthePlusEnergystandardsisthatPlusEnergyallowstheownerortenantofthebuildingtoliveandworkcomfortablywithnormalenergyoutputandwithoutlifestylesacrifices 3 4ComparisonstudyofsavingenergystandardinGermany 3 4 3Plusenergy Ahouseproducingmoreenergythanitconsumes TripleZero reflectswhatismostastonishingaboutthisdevelopment Zeroenergyconsumed energy sufficient zeroemissionsproducedandzerowastegenerated recyclablematerialusedentirely Thisconceptisnowbeingappliedtobuildingsandhousesandithasturnedoutberevolutionary Toachievethelightweightquality Sobek sarchitectsandengineersminimizetheuseofsteelandconcrete bothofwhichareenergy intensivetomanufacture Thematerialstobuildthesehousesareputtogethersimplyusingstainlesssteelboltsthatcanbeunscrewedusingwrenches andnotglue andthereforethesebuildingscanbedisassembledeasilyforrecycling 3 4ComparisonstudyofsavingenergystandardinGermany 3 4 4Triplezero zeroenergy zeroemission zerowaste ThisisaconceptdevelopedbyaGermanarchitecturalfirm WernerSobek heconsideredtheoveralllifecycleofbuildings CombiningandbuildingLEEDandPassivhausstandards thisgoesonefurther 3 4ComparisonstudyofsavingenergystandardinGermany Alltheenergythehouseneedsisproducedon site bysolarpanelsontheroof andbyageothermalgroundheatexchangethatpenetratestheearthaboutsevenfeetbeneaththebuilding Asaresultoftherenewableenergyfromsolarpanelsontheroofsupplying100 ofthehouse selectricity itproducesnoCO2emissions Butinaddition thereisnofireplaceorbarbecueorgasfurnaceinthebasement nopossibleburningprocessismadeavailableinthedesign Nowasteisproducedattheendofthebuilding slifecyclewhenitisconvertedordeconstructed Allthecomponentbuildingelementsarefullyrecyclable Nothingneedstobeburntorsenttoadisposalsite 1 0Introduction2 0Background3 0ResearchofDGNBsystem4 0Designprocessandoutcomes5 0ReferencetoChina TheprojectistheofficebuildingofWismarInternationalGraduationServices WINGS andWismartradecentre WTC ThesiteislocatedattheharborofWismar thesurroundinghousesareresidentialbuilding Therearesomecommercialvaluetothefirstfloor Theshortsideofthebasefacetonorthandsouth whilethelongsidefacetotheseaside whichisabigproblemtothisproject 4 1Siteselection TheprojectistheofficebuildingofWismarInternationalGraduationServices WINGS andWismartradecentre WTC ThesiteislocatedattheharborofWismar thesurroundinghousesareresidentialbuilding Therearesomecommercialvaluetothefirstfloor Theshortsideofthebasefacetonorthandsouth whilethelongsidefacetotheseaside whichisabigproblemtothisproject 4 1Siteselection Problems OrientationViewtotheseaTrafficOfficespaceNoiseSavingenergySustainability 4 2Designprocess 4 2Designprocess SolutionAAdvantage GoodorientationInterestingspaceDisadvantage BadviewtotheseaToomuchtrafficspace 4 2Designprocess SolutionBAdvantage GoodtrafficsystemHighdensityDisadvantage BadorientationTediousspace 4 2Designprocess SolutionCAdvantage GoodorientationGoodviewtotheseaInterestingspaceDisadvantage Triangularspace 4 3Concept Theconceptistocreateanecologicalsustainableofficebuilding Peoplewhoworktherewillfeellikeworkinginnature Withmorepublicspaceforcommunication Thediversityofspacemakeworkmorepassionandcreativity Whatfunctionareneededinamodernofficebuilding Forwork Largeoffice smalloffice meetingroom Forrelax Diningroom coffeebar sportsroom viewplatform Forcommunicate Publicspace coffeebreak 4 3Concept 4 4Functionalorganization Gym Coffee Diningroom Entrancehall Firstfloor Basearea 1488 Buildingarea 3129 WINGS WTC 4 4Functionalorganization Secondfloor Largeoffice Meetingroom Largeoffice Viewplatform 4 4Functionalorganization Thirdfloor Meetingroom Smallroom Viewplatform Whatisthebesttrafficsysteminofficebuilding Haveaclearlinethatyoucaneasilyreacheveryplaceinshorttime Thetrafficspaceshouldberichandflexible toreducepressureandavoidbored 4 5Trafficorganization Thegreenbeltandthetrafficbeltsarecrossindifferentlayers whichmakethetrafficspacemoreinteresting 4 5Trafficorganization 4 5Trafficorganization Differentlevelhavedifferentplatform sothatmakemuchvarietypublicspace 4 6Officeenvironment Mostoftheofficeroomhavegoodviewingtothesea ortheyhavegoodorientationtothesoutheast What smore therearesomeviewingplatformsforpeoplewhoneedtohavearestduringcoffeebreak Forthefirstlevel restaurant coffeebarandthegymallhavethegoodviewforclients 4 6Officeenvironment Differentscaleofspacegivepeopledifferentfeeling Spacechangescanbringfreshfeeling tohelppeoplegetmorerelax 4 6Officeenvironment Theplatformcrossthegreenbelt whichextensionstotheseaside bringsarestspacetopeoplewhoworkinthebuilding Forenergysaving Allthefacadeofthebuildingusingdouble glasswall betweentwolayersofglassfilledwithargongas canblock80 ofsummerheat andinwinter onlyhalfoftheenergyconsumption Forventilation Termsofairflow therearegapsbetweentheinnerandouterskin thehotairuptotheoutside coldairfromoutsideintothebuilding Forworkinthenature Havehighpermeability thepurposeistomakezerodistancewiththeoutsideworld Youcanseebothfromindoorandoutdoor feelslikeworkinthenature Forreducenoise Toreducetonoisefromharbor Whytouseglasswalloutside Structure WoodRoof FoeiltecAlwitraEvalonSolarFacade PlasticwindowWall kartonwaben 4 7Material Rainwatercollectionsystem 4 8Energysavingtechnology Ventilation heatexchange 4 8Energysavingtechnology 4 9Finaldrawings Perspective 4 9Finaldrawings Viewingplatform 4 9Finaldrawings Entrance 4 9Finaldrawings Greenbelt 4 9Finaldrawings Roof 4 9Finaldrawings WestFacade NorthFacade 4 9Finaldrawings EastFacade SouthFacade 4 10EvaluationbyLEGEP Themoneyspentontechnologylessthan20 ofthebuilding Sowecansayitisalow tecbuilding 4 10EvaluationbyLEGEP Cost Technology Buildingconstruction Theyellowoneisconcrete itisreallyabadmaterialforsustainablebuilding Tobeasustainablebuilding thenumberofthispartisthesmallerthebetter Butbecauseofbuildingnearthesea thefoundationneedconcrete 4 10EvaluationbyLEGEP Ecology 4 10EvaluationbyLEGEP Ecology Insulationmaterials concrete Thisshowstheenergyandmaterialflow morelowmorelow tec morerenewable andmoresustainable 4 10EvaluationbyLEGEP Ecology Usingofmaterials Primaryenergy Primaryenergywithoutrenewable Materialflow 4 10EvaluationbyLEGEP Ecology Technology Buildingconstruction Ifitisnotnearthesea wecantakeecologicaltechnologytodothewatertreatmenttomakethewaterrecycling 4 10EvaluationbyLEGEP Ecology 4 11EvaluationbyDammwerk CO2emissionpersquaremeteris2 6kg a alternativeenergy 4 10EvaluationbyLEGEP Ecology GWP GlobalWarmingPotential Technology Buildingconstruction operation Emissions 4 10EvaluationbyLEGEP Ecology GWP Acidificationpotential 4 11EvaluationbyDammwerk Energy Dammwerk LEGEP 4 11EvaluationbyDammwerk Energy Primaryenergyneed 4 11EvaluationbyDammwerk Energy Costsduringlifecycle forenergy for20years 4 10EvaluationbyLEGEP lifecycle Repair using destroy 4 10EvaluationbyLEGEP lifecycle Costsduringlifecycle forenergy for80years Repair using destroy 4 10EvaluationbyLEGEP lifecycle Costsduringlifecycle forthewholebuilding for20years 4 10EvaluationbyLEGEP lifecycle Costsduringlifecycle forthewholebuilding for80years Thispictureshowshowmuchmoneyfortheownerofthebuildinghavetopayforeachmonth Thetotalfeeis4980 dividedbythesquaremetersofthebuildingis1 6 4 10EvaluationbyLEGEP lifecycle Repair Maintenance Cleaning Wastewater Electricity Thecostforbuildinginlifecycle 4 10EvaluationbyLEGEP lifecycle Technology Buildingconstruction 1 0Introduction2 0Background3 0ResearchofDGNBsystem4 0Designprocessandoutcomes5 0ReferencetoChina 5 1 1ThedevelopmentofgreenbuildingstandardsinChinaIn1997 EnergyLaw issued itisChina sfirstlegislationwhichmakeregulationsaboutenergymanagement rationaluseofenergy In2005 RenewableEnergyLaw issued itmakerequirementsonthedevelopmentofrenewableenergy industrialpolicyandsoon Civilbuildingenergyconsumptionstatisticssystem issuedbytheministryofconstructionon2007 ThesurveyofcivilbuildingenergyconsumptionstartinBeijing Shanghai Shenyang Chongqing23cities theycoverseachclimatezonewithdifferentcharacteristics andthebuildingenergyconsumptionfromdifferentlevelofeconomicdevelopmentcity whichprovidedatabaseinordertostrengthenmacroeconomicmanagement In2008 promulgatedthe Regulationscivilenergy mainlymakeregulationsfromthenewbuildingenergyefficiency energyconservationofexistingbuildings runningenergy savingsystemofthebuilding 5 1ThegreenbuildingstandardsinChina 5 1 2ThesituationofsavingenergyinChinaWhileitisrecognizedthattoachievethecity soverallenergyefficiency musttostartfromurbanplanningandregionalplanning butatcurrent energyrequirementsonlyreflectonthebuildingdesign whichshowsontwoparts First strivetoachievelowertheneedsofenergyfromthebuilding Se