English写作技巧.doc

怎样使你的作文句型富有变化? 以下内容需要回复才能看到句式就是句子的结构方式，也就是句子的式样或格式。不同的思想内容要用不同的句式来表达；而同一思想内容也可以用不同的句式来表达。句式不同，表达效果也就不同。只有句式多样化，文章才会生动有趣，充满活力。可是，在实际写作中，初学写作的学生往往一篇文章都是千篇一律的简单句，文章单调乏味，毫无生气。笔者认为，恰当地使用某些方法或手段有助于实际表达形式的多样化，增强表达效果。兹将常用方法简单介绍如下。 一、改变句子开头 许多学生在写作中倾向于用与人有关系的词性，用名词和代词作为句子的开头，如 People，We，I，He，They，She等。但这种开头见多了，难免让人厌倦。试比较： A.People throughout the country have greatly demanded all kinds of nutritious food. B.There is a great demand across the country for all kinds of nutritious food. 第一句改用非人称名词作为主语开头，第二句则用there be句型开头。这样既改变了主语谓语宾语单调句型，又把想强调的意思突出出来。实际上，为了把文章写得生动活泼，除了用主语开头外，还可以用句子的其他成分开头。 1.用副词开头 Too often，students stray into the habit of cheating on tests. 2.用同位语开头 Air，water and oxygen，everything that is necessary for life. 3.用状语开头 Dark and empty，the house looked very different from the way I remembered it. 4.用表语开头 Equally essential to the highest success in learning a language are intense interest plus persistent effort. 5.用宾语开头 My advice you would not listen to；my helps you laughed at.Now you will have what you asked for. 6.以短语修饰语开头 1）以介词短语开头 To me the news was very interesting，but to my wife very boring. 2）以分词短语开头 Disturbed by the discord of American life in recent decades，Menchester took flight for the pacific islands. 3）以不定式短语开头 To pass the exam，you should work very hard.二、巧用连接词 有的学生在作文中使用过多简单句，成了简单句堆砌；有的写复杂句时，动辄用so， and，then，but，or，however，yet等非但达不到丰富表达方式的目的，反而使句子结构松散、呆板。为了避免这种现象，可以通过使用连接词，尤其是一些表示从属关系的连接词，如 who，which，that，because，since，although，after，as，before，when，whenever，if，unless，as if等，不仅能够丰富句型，而且还能够把思想表达得更清楚，意义更连贯。例如： Natural resources are very limited.They will be exhausted in the near future.It is not true.But it becomes a major concern around the world.This is a widely accepted fact. 这段文字用简单句表达，它们之间内在的逻辑关系含糊不清，意思支离破碎。如果使用连接词，将单句与其前后合并，形成主次关系，就把一个比较复杂的内容和关系表达得层次清楚、结构严谨。例如： It is a widely accepted fact that there is a major concern around the world for the exhaustion of limited natural resources in the near future，though it is unlikely to be true. 再如： The Mississippi River is one of the longest rivers in the world，and in spring time it often overflows its banks，and the lives of many people are endangered. 此句用and把三个分句一贯到底，既乏味又可笑。如果使用了关系代词which，语义就会更连贯，语言也会更流畅： The Mississippi River，which is one of the longest rivers in the world，often overflows its banks in the spring time，endangering the lives of many people. 三、长短句交插 长句和短句是就句子的字数多少、形体长短而言的。长句和短句各有其优点和缺点。长句，因为使用的定语、状语较多，限制了概念的外延，增大了概念的内涵，所以比较精确、严密，但使用起来不够活泼简便。短句，由于字数少，直截了当，一般比较简洁、明快、有力，但不利于表达复杂的语义内容。在具体语言活动中，最好长短句交替使用。这既体现了节奏上的要求，也是意义上的需要。例如： （1）We can imagine the beautiful surroundings.（2）There are many trees along the streets.（3）There is a clean river in the city.（4） There are many fishes in the river.（5）There are willow trees on the one side.（6）There are some pieces of grassland on the other side.（7）There are many flowers on them. 文中七个句子都是简单句，句型结构单一，而且句子长短同一，都在七、八词左右，十分单调。下面是修改后的段落： （1）Just imagine the beautiful surroundings if we make our cities greener.（2）Green trees line the streets.（3）A clean river winds through the city，in which a lot of fishes abound.（4）On the one side stand rows of willow trees.（5）On the other side lies a stretch of grassland sprinkled with many yellow and red flowers. 改写后的这段文字，有长句（1）、（3）、（5），也有短句（2）和（4），一长一短，抑扬顿挫的节奏感就出来了。不仅句子长短交插，而且句型结构变化也很大，使文章流畅自然，生动活泼。 四、利用倒装结构 英语的基本句型是SVO，如果偶尔打破常规，改变某一成分的位置，不仅可以丰富句型，而且能强调、突出被倒装的部分，收到意想不到的表达效果。例如： 1）In no other place in the world can one find such enthusiasm for applying for hosting the 2008 Olympic Games. 2）Faith in the Chinese economic reforms the majority of people will never lose. 总之，英语的句式是多种多样的，只要从要表达的内容出发合理选用，文章的句式就会富于变化。同时，在学习写作的过程中，学生应不断练习构造各种各样句式，以提高语言表达能力。雅思作文开头有技巧：如何写好作文的三要素 万事开头难，写雅思作文也不例外，以下就教你一些写好雅思作文首段的小技巧。 要素之一：Restatement of the Topic (大作文的题目都会给出相关情景或话题，在首段中应先对题目中的情景或话题进行展开。) 方法一：改写。即按照题目所给的内容，用不同的表达方法重新写一遍，千万不能抄袭。但改一两个词不算改写，一定要将整个表达方式改掉。方法二：自己展开。即根据题目所谈到的话题内容适当展开，简单谈谈目前社会中的情况怎样。但不要谈得太多，更不能偏题。 要素之二：Express Your Opinion (大作文的题目中一般会问你 do you agree or disagree 或 what do you think 等，因此必须与之相对应地在首段中表明你的观点。)以下内容需要回复才能看到方法一：中立观点。可以说某种做法既有好又有坏；对某种观点有人同意又有人不同意等等。比较好的表达如I partly agree with the opinion expressed above. 方法二：一边倒观点。即直截了当地说赞成某个观点或不赞成某个观点。 方法三：不表达观点。即不在首段明确地表达自己的观点，但必须要先分析一下，在最后一段表明观点。方法一在考试中用得最多；方法二适中；方法三用得比较少。 要素之三：No Excessive Background (大作文首段中只要涵盖以上两要素即可，不要写过多不相干的展开内容，更不要将理由写进去，否则主体段就没内容写了。雅思TASK1图表写作套句精选50句 转贴一个，希望给大家有所帮助1.the table shows the changes in the number of.over the period from.to.该表格描述了在.年之.年间.数量的变化。2.the bar chart illustrates that.该柱状图展示了.3.the graph provides some interesting data regarding.该图为我们提供了有关.有趣数据。4.the diagram shows (that).该图向我们展示了.5.the pie graph depicts (that).该圆形图揭示了. 以下内容需要回复才能看到6.this is a cure graph which describes the trend of.这个曲线图描述了.的趋势。7.the figures/statistics show (that).数据（字）表明.8.the tree diagram reveals how.该树型图向我们揭示了如何.9.the data/statistics show (that).该数据（字）可以这样理解.10.the data/statistics/figures lead us to the conclusion that.这些数据资料令我们得出结论.11.as is shown/demonstrated/exhibited in the diagram/graph/chart/table.如图所示.12.according to the chart/figures.根据这些表（数字）.13.as is shown in the table.如表格所示.14.as can be seen from the diagram,great changes have taken place in.从图中可以看出，.发生了巨大变化。15.from the table/chart/diagram/figure,we can see clearly that.or it is clear/apparent from the chart that.从图表我们可以很清楚（明显）看到.16.this is a graph which illustrates.这个图表向我们展示了.17.this table shows the changing proportion of a & b from.to.该表格描述了.年到.年间a与b的比例关系。18.the graph,presented in a pie chart, shows the general trend in.该图以圆形图形式描述了.总的趋势。19.this is a column chart showing.这是个柱型图，描述了.20.as can be seen from the graph,the two curves show the flutuation of.如图所示，两条曲线描述了.的波动情况。21.over the period from.to.the.remained level.在.至.期间，.基本不变。22.in the year between.and.在.年到.期间.23.in the 3 years spanning from 1995 through 1998.1995年至1998三年里.24.from then on/from this time onwards.从那时起.25.the number of.remained steady/stable from (month/year) to (month/year).月(年)至.月（年).的数量基本不变。26.the number sharply went up to.数字急剧上升至.27.the percentage of.stayed the same between.and.至.期间.的比率维持不变。28.the figures peaked at.in(month/year).的数目在.月（年）达到顶点，为.29.the percentage remained steady at.比率维持在.30.the percentage of.is sightly larger/smaller than that of.的比例比.的比例略高（低）。31.there is not a great deal of difference between.and.与.的区别不大。32.the graphs show a threefold increase in the number of.该图表表明.的数目增长了三倍。33.decreased year by year while.increased steadily.逐年减少，而.逐步上升。34.the situation reached a peak(a high point at) of%.的情况（局势）到达顶（高）点，为.百分点。35.the figures/situation bottomed out in.数字（情况）在.达到底部。36.the figures reached the bottom/a low point/hit a trough.数字（情况）达到底部（低谷）。37.a is .times as much/many as b.a是b的.倍。38.a increased by.a增长了.39.a increased to.a增长到.40.high/low/great/small/ percentage.比低高（低）41.there is an upward trend in the number of.数字呈上升趋势。42.a considerable increase/decrease occurred from.to.到.发生急剧上升。43.from.to.the rate of decrease slow down.从.到.，下降速率减慢。44.from this year on，there was a gradual declinel reduction in the.,reaching a figure of.从这年起，.逐渐下降至.45.be similar to.与.相似46.be the same as.与.相同47.there are a lot similarities/differences between.and.与.之间有许多相似（不同）之处48.a has something in common with ba于b有共同之处。49.the difference between a and b lies in.a与b之间的差别在于.50.(year)witnessed/saw a sharp rise in.年.急剧上升。英文写作之经典句型(带例句) 以下内容需要回复才能看到英文写作之经典句型(带例句)一、 the est 名词 (that) 主词 have ever seen ( known/heard/had/read, etc) the most 形容词 名词 (that) 主词 have ever seen ( known/heard/had/read, etc) 例句：Helen is the most beautiful girl that I have ever seen. 海伦是我所看过最美丽的女孩。 Mr. Chang is the kindest teacher that I have ever had. 张老师是我曾经遇到最仁慈的教师。 二、Nothing is er than to V Nothing is more 形容词 than to V 例句：Nothing is more important than to receive education. 没有比接受教育更重要的事。 三、 cannot emphasize the importance of too much. （再怎么强调.的重要性也不为过。） 例句：We cannot emphasize the importance of protecting our eyes too much. 我们再怎么强调保护眼睛的重要性也不为过。 四、There is no denying that S V .（不可否认的.） 例句：There is no denying that the qualities of our living have gone from bad to worse. 不可否认的，我们的生活品质已经每况愈下。 五、It is universally acknowledged that 句子 （全世界都知道.） 例句：It is universally acknowledged that trees are indispensable to us. 全世界都知道树木对我们是不可或缺的。 六、There is no doubt that 句子 （毫无疑问的.） 例句：There is no doubt that our educational system leaves something to be desired. 毫无疑问的我们的教育制度令人不满意。 七、An advantage of is that 句子 （.的优点是.） 例句：An advantage of using the solar energy is that it wont create (produce) any pollution. 使用太阳能的优点是它不会制造任何污染。 八、The reason why 句子 is that 句子 （.的原因是.） 例句：The reason why we have to grow trees is that they can provide us with fresh air. The reason why we have to grow trees is that they can supply fresh air for us. 我们必须种树的原因是它们能供应我们新鲜的空气。 九、So 形容词 be 主词 that 句子 （如此.以致于.） 例句：So precious is time that we cant afford to waste it. 时间是如此珍贵，我们经不起浪费它。 十、Adj as Subject（主词） be, S V （虽然.） 例句：Rich as our country is, the qualities of our living are by no means satisfactory. by no means = in no way = on no account 一点也不 虽然我们的国家富有，我们的生活品质绝对令人不满意。 十一、The er S V, the er S V The more Adj S V, the more Adj S V （愈.愈.） 例句：The harder you work, the more progress you make. 你愈努力，你愈进步。 The more books we read, the more learned we become. 我们书读愈多，我们愈有学问。 十二、By Ving, can （借着.，.能够.） 例句：By taking exercise, we can always stay healthy. 借着做运动，我们能够始终保持健康。 十三、 enable Object（受词） to V （.使.能够.） 例句：Listening to music enable us to feel relaxed. 听音乐使我们能够感觉轻松。 十四、On no account can we V （我们绝对不能.） 例句：On no account can we ignore the value of knowledge. 我们绝对不能忽略知识的价值。 十五、It is time S 过去式 （该是.的时候了） 例句：It is time the authorities concerned took proper steps to solve the traffic problems. 该是有关当局采取适当的措施来解决交通问题的时候了。 十六、Those who （.的人.） 例句：Those who violate traffic regulations should be punished. 违反交通规定的人应该受处罚。 十七、There is no one but （没有人不.） 例句：There is no one but longs to go to college. 没有人不渴望上大学。 十八、be forced/compelled/obliged to V （不得不.） 例句：Since the examination is around the corner, I am compelled to give up doing sports. 既然考试迫在眉睫，我不得不放弃做运动。 十九、It is conceivable that 句子 （可想而知的） It is obvious that 句子 （明显的） It is apparent that 句子 （显然的） 例句：It is conceivable that knowledge plays an important role in our life. 可想而知，知识在我们的一生中扮演一个重要的角色。 二十、That is the reason why （那就是.的原因） 例句：Summer is sultry. That is the reason why I dont like it. 夏天很燠热。那就是我不喜欢它的原因。 二十一、For the past 时间，S 现在完成式.（过去.年来，.一直.） 例句：For the past two years, I have been busy preparing for the examination. 过去两年来，我一直忙着准备考试。 二十二、Since S 过去式，S 现在完成式。 例句：Since he went to senior high school, he has worked very hard. 自从他上高中，他一直很用功。 二十三、It pays to V （.是值得的。） 例句：It pays to help others. 帮助别人是值得的。 二十四、be based on （以.为基础） 例句：The progress of thee society is based on harmony. 社会的进步是以和谐为基础的。 二十五、Spare no effort to V （不遗余力的） We should spare no effort to beautify our environment. 我们应该不遗余力的美化我们的环境。 二十六、bring home to 人 事 （让.明白.事） 例句：We should bring home to people the value of working hard. 我们应该让人们明白努力的价值。 二十七、be closely related to （与.息息相关） 例句：Taking exercise is closely related to health. 做运动与健康息息相关。 二十八、Get into the habit of Ving = make it a rule to V （养成.的习惯） We should get into the habit of keeping good hours. 我们应该养成早睡早起的习惯。 二十九、Due to/Owing to/Thanks to N/Ving, （因为.） 例句：Thanks to his encouragement, I finally realized my dream. 因为他的鼓励，我终于实现我的梦想。 三十、What a Adj N S V!= How Adj a N V!（多么.！） 例句：What an important thing it is to keep our promise! How important a thing it is to keep our promise! 遵守诺言是多么重要的事！ 三十一、Leave much to be desired （令人不满意） 例句：The condition of our traffic leaves much to be desired. 我们的交通状况令人不满意。 三十二、Have a great influence on （对.有很大的影响） 例句：Smoking has a great influence on our health. 抽烟对我们的健康有很大的影响。 三十三、do good to （对.有益），do harm to （对.有害） 例句：Reading does good to our mind.读书对心灵有益。 Overwork does harm to health.工作过度对健康有害。 三十四、Pose a great threat to （对.造成一大威胁） 例句：Pollution poses a great threat to our existence. 污染对我们的生存造成一大威胁。 三十五、do ones utmost to V = do ones best （尽全力去.） 例句：We should do our utmost to achieve our goal in life. 我们应尽全力去达成我们的人生目标。写作常用词汇表示进步,提高的动词: improve ameliorate better develop remedy revise enhance enrich upgrade refine 重要,关键: important significant consequential momentous considerable essential valuable distinctive great weighty major serious grave vital capital substantial material; 稍微扯得远一点的还有conspicuous striking prominent eminent noticeable 正确的,无误的: correct rectify accurate precise proper undistorted right impeccable 增长和减少(这个超级常用!) increase rise extend magnify decrease reduce fall amplify aggrandize elongate intensify enhance prolong strengthen curtail shrink terminate lessen abate raise boost intense(intensify) expand augment enlarge diminish dwindle（swindle是诈骗的意思）slump 和证明相关的: justify warrant assert claim contend argue validate substantiate verify ac