企业培训_汽轮机运行培训教材

汽轮机运行turbineoperation 1 机组的启动1 STARTUPOFTURBINE1 1汽轮机组在下列情况时禁止启动a 危急保安器动作不正常 高压自动主汽门 调节汽门 抽汽逆止门卡涩或不能关严时 b 汽轮发电机组转动部分有明显的摩擦声 机内有明显的金属声 c 调速系统不能维持汽轮机空负荷运行 或机组甩负荷后不能维持转速在危急保安器动作转速以下 d 主轴晃动值相对于原始值大于0 02mm 转子温度均匀状态允许的原始晃动值不大于0 05mm e 辅助油泵 顶轴系统及盘车装置失常时 1 1ForbiddenstartupscopeofturbineWhenemergencygovernoractsabnormally HPautomaticmainstopvalve governingvalveorbleedsteamcheckvalvehasblockageorcannotbeclosedfully Thereisobviousfrictionsoundinrotarypartofturbo generatorunit thereisobviousmetalcollisionsound Speedgoverningsystemcannotmaintainno loadoperationofturbine orafterunitrejectsload itcannotmaintainrotaryspeedbelowtheactionspeedofemergencygovernor vibrationvalueofmainshaftis0 02mmbiggerthanoriginalvalue theoriginalvibrationvalueinevenstateofrotortemperatureisnobigthan0 05mm Whenauxiliaryoilpump jackingoilsystemandturninggeardeviceareabnormal f 抗燃油或透平油油质不合格 油温低于正常 油系统充满油后 g 保温不完整 h 主要仪表 如轴向位移 相对膨胀 转速表及重要金属温度表 主蒸汽压力和温度表等 失灵时 i 汽缸调节级区域上下缸温度超过50 k 汽轮机真空不能保持0 067MPa时 EHoilorturbineoilisnotqualified andoiltemperatureisabnormal afteroilsystemisfullofoil Insulationisnotcomplete Maininstruments suchasaxialdisplacement relativeexpansion tachometerandimportantmetalthermometer mainsteampressurecondenservacuummeterandthermometer hasfailure Theupperandthelowercasingstemperatureofturbinegoverningstageareaexceeds50 Vacuumofturbinecannotkeepat0 067MPa 1 2启动前的准备工作1 2Preparationbeforeturbinestartup a 检查油系统 油箱 油管道 冷油器不漏油 油箱油位正常 油箱和冷油器放油门关严 冷油器进 出口油门处于开启位置 交流 直流电动润滑油泵入口门开启 出口门开启 b 电动主闸门及其旁路门处于关闭位置 c 自动主汽门 调速汽门处于关闭位置 d 管道和汽缸本体疏水阀处于开启位置 e 各抽汽管道逆止门处于关闭位置 Checkwhetheroilsystem oiltank oilpipesandoilcoolerleak oillevelisnormal outletvalveofoiltankandoilcoolerclosestightly inletandoutletoilvalveofoilcoolerisinopenposition inletvalveandoutletvalveofACandDCelectriclubeoilpumpareopen Electricmainstopvalveandotherbypassvalvesareinclosedposition Automainstopvalveandspeedgoverningvalveareinclosedposition Drainvalvesofpipeandcasingproperareinopenposition Eachbleedsteampipecheckvalveisinclosedposition f 轴承进油温度不低于35 g 抗燃油源各阀门状态正确 油温升至20 以上 抗燃油系统压力调至14MPa Inletoiltemperatureofbearingisnolessthan35 Valvesoffire proofoilsourceareinrightstate oiltemperaturerisesabove20 andthefire proofoilsystempressureisadjustedto14MPa 1 3锅炉点火前的操作a 投入发电机冷却系统 b 启动排烟装置 c 启动交流润滑油泵 使润滑油系统开始循环 d 油循环进行10min后 启动高压油泵 e 按顶轴装置说明书投入顶轴装置 检查各轴承顶轴油压正常 然后投盘车装置 测量大轴晃动度 倾听机组内部声音 f 油系统的结构和参数检查必须严格 否则要造成严重事故 1 3Preparationbeforeboilerignition Putgeneratorcoolingsystemintooperation Startupsmokeventingdevice StartupAClubeoilpumptomakelubeoilsystembegantocirculate Afteroilcirculationismaintainedfor10minutes startupHPoilpump Startupjackingoilpump Checkwhetherjackingoilpressureofeachbearingisnormal andthenputturninggearintooperation measureshakingdegreeofmainshaftandlistentoinnerpartofunit Strictlycheckstructureandparametersofoilsystem oritmaycauseseriousaccident g 检查保护系统正常 h 启动一台凝结水泵 开启再循环门 i 启动水环真空泵抽真空 j 冷凝器压力抽至75KPa a 时 锅炉点火 Checkwhetherprotectingsystemisnormal Startuponecondensatepumpandopenrecirculationvalve Startupwaterringtypevacuumpumptovacuate Whenthepressureincondenseris75KPa a igniteboiler 1 4锅炉点火后的操作a 启动一台给水泵 b 当主蒸汽压力达0 98MPa 温度达250 时向轴封送汽 送汽压力0 11 0 127Mpa 温度150 1 4Preparationafterboilerignition Startuponefeedwaterpump Whenmainsteampressurereaches0 98MPa andtemperaturereaches250 sendsteamtoglandseal Steamconveyingpressureis0 11 0 127Mpaandtemperatureis150 1 5冷态启动冲转条件a 主蒸汽压力0 98MPa 主蒸汽温度250 b 油温40 到45 间 润滑油压在0 098 0 0196MPa间 调节油压在 抗燃油为14 8MPa 透平油为1 96 0 1MPa间 c 冷凝器压力在45 50kPa间 d 盘车运行正常 连续盘车时间不小于2h e 大轴晃动值不超过原始晃动值0 02mm 1 5RollingconditionsforColdstatestartupoperationofturbine 1 Mainsteampressureis0 98MPa andmainsteamtemperatureis250 2 Oiltemperatureisbetween40and45 lubricationoilpressureisbetween0 098 0 0196MPa governingoilpressure fire resistantoilis14 8MPa turbineoilisbetween1 96 0 1MPa 3 Condenserpressureisbetween45 50kPa 4 Turninggearisnormal andcontinuousturninggeartimeshouldnotbelessthan2hours 5 vibrationvalueofmainshaftshouldnotexceed0 02mmoftheoriginalvalue 1 6冲转 升速 暖机 定速Rolling speedup warming up constantspeed1 6 1冲转前投入主机保护装置 1 6 2投入排汽缸喷水 1 6 3通过DEH 开启电动主闸门 自动主汽门 逐渐开启调速汽门 以每分钟100r min的升速率升速到500r min 其中当200r min时停顶轴装置 低速暖机5min 进行检查和听音 低速暖机结束后 DEH以每分钟100r min的升速率提升转速到1500r min 中速暖机约20min 继续以每分钟100r min升速率升到3000r min 定速 通过临界转速时升速率应在每分钟300r min 600r min 可调 通过临界转速时轴承盖振动不超过0 10mm 全轴系中各转子在弹性支承下的临界转速 高压1753r min低压1592r min发电机转子976r min 1 6 1Putmainmachineprotectingdeviceintooperationbeforerolling 1 6 2Putexhaustcasingspraywaterintooperation 1 6 3ByDEH openelectricmaingate automaticmainthrottlevalve slowlyopenspeedgoverningvalve thespeedwillriseto500r minattherisingrateof100r min Whenthespeedis200r min theheadshaftgearshallbestoptowarmupatlowspeedfor5min thenmakeexaminationandcheckifthereisanysound Afterwarmingup therotatingspeedofDEHwillriseto1500r minattherisingrateof100r min thenwarmingupathighspeedforabout20min finally therotatingspeedofDEHwillriseto3000r minattherisingrateof100r min thenmaintainingthisrotatingspeed Whenincriticalrotatingspeed therisingrateshallbefrom300r minto600r min adjustable thedegreeofvibrationofbearingcapshallnotbemorethan0 10mm thecriticalrotatingspeedofeachrotorunderelasticsupportis 1753r minathighpressure 1592r minatlowpressure therotatingspeedofgeneratorrotoris976r min 1 6 4机组定速后 进行全面检查 确信一切正常 可按调节保安系统试验要求进行各有关项目的试验 试验合格后 机组可并列及带负荷 2 6 4Aftertherotatingspeedismaintained completeinspectionshallbecarriedouttoensuretheturbosetisnormal Ifnecessary allratedtestsaccordingtorequirementsfortestingadjustingandgoverningsystem afterpassingthetest theturbosetcanbeconnectedwithelectricnetworkandoperatedwithload 1 7并列与带负荷Connectingwithelectricnetworkandoperatingwithload1 7 1并入电网后 保持锅炉汽压不变 用开大调速汽门增加负荷 直到全开 先接带5MW左右的初始负荷 然后锅炉按滑参数冷态启动曲线 见图1 升压升温负荷随之增加 具体过程如下 1 7 1Afterconnectingwithelectricnetwork maintaintheboilerpressure thenincreasetheloadbyslowlyopeningthespeedregulatingvalveuntilitiscompletelyopen First operatingwithinitialloadofabout5MW thenraiseboththepressureandtemperatureaccordingtothecurveofparametersforcoldstart seeFigure1 theloadwillbeincreased theprocedureindetailisasfollow 0MW 10MW 20min10MW暖机warmingup 40min10MW 40MW 60min40MW暖机warmingup 60min40MW 100MW 80min 1 7 2并列 带负荷阶段与冲动 升速阶段一样都是在DEH系统控制之下进行 1 7 2Asthephaseofrotatingandspeedingup thephaseofconnectingwithelectricnetworkandoperatingwithloadiscontrolledbyDEHsystem 1 8升速和加负荷过程中注意事项1 8Notesduringspeedingupandoperatingwithloada 在升速或加负荷过程中 如出现异常振动 应稍降转速或减负荷 找出原因 消除振动 并在此转速或负荷下稳定运行一段时间 再继续升速或加负荷 a Duringspeedingupandoperatingwithload ifthereisanyabnormality therotatingspeedshallbesloweddownalittleortheoperatingloadshallbedecreasedslightlytodiagnosecausesandeliminateundesiredvibration makestablyrunningatthisrotatingspeedandloadforacertainperiodoftime thenspeedinguporincreasingloadcontinuously b 机组冷态启动时 应记录好各暖机转速和负荷下的高压内缸下半调节级处金属温度以作为机组停机后再次启动时的依据 b Duringcoldstartofturboset therotatingspeedforeachtimeofwarmingupandthemetaltemperatureatthelowergoverningregioninsidethehighpressurecasingshallbewrittendown c 升速和加负荷过程中应控制下列上限值 c Duringspeedingupandincreasingload thefollowingupperlimitvaluesshallbecontrolled 主蒸汽温升率2 5 minTherisingrateofmainsteamtemperatureshallnotbemorethan2 5 min 主蒸汽管管壁温升率7 minTherisingrateoftemperatureatwallofmainsteampipeshallnotbemorethan7 min 高压主汽门 调速汽门阀壁温升率5 minTherisingrateoftemperatureatthewallofhighpressuremainthrottlevalveandspeedregulatingthrottlevalveshallnotbemorethan5 min 汽缸及法兰金属温升率2 5 minTherisingrateofmetaltemperatureofcasingandflangeshallnotbemorethan2 5 min 上下缸温差不大于50 Thetemperaturedifferencebetweenupperandlowercasingsshallnotbemorethan50 法兰左 右温差15 Thetemperaturedifferencebetweentheleftandrightsideofflangeshallnotbemorethan15 法兰上 下温差20 Thetemperaturedifferencebetweentheupanddownsideofflangeshallnotbemorethan20 汽缸及法兰内 外壁80 Thetemperaturedifferencebetweentheinsideandoutsideofcasingandflangeshallnotbemorethan80 汽缸与法兰80 Thetemperatureofcasingandflangeshallnotbemorethan80 外缸法兰中壁与螺栓50 Thetemperatureatthemiddleofflangeoutsidethecasingandthatofboltshallnotbemorethan50 高压缸相对膨胀不得超过 4 0 2mmTherelativeexpansionofhighpressurecasingshallnotbemorethan 4 0 2mm低压缸相对膨胀不得超过 7 0 4 0mm Therelativeexpansionoflowpressurecasingshallnotbemorethan 7 0 4 0mm 2 运行中的维护及检查2 Maintenanceandcheckinoperating 2 1上述1 8 c 中的控制值在运行中都要遵守 以下还有一些运行中控制指标 2 1Theupperlimitvalueslistedinabovesection1 8 c shallbefollowedduringrunning besides therearealsosomeparameterslistedasfollowstobecontrolled 2 2机组的额定参数2 2Nominalparametersofturboset主蒸汽压力 8 83MPaMainsteampressure 8 83MPa主蒸汽温度 535 Mainsteamtemperature 535 2 3参数在下列情况下仍可保持额定功率长期运行2 3Theturbosetcanberunningwithnormalparametersforalongtimeincaseoffollowingsituationsa 排汽压力0 0079Mpa 新汽压力8 34 9 42MPa 温度525 545 范围内 且两者可同时变化 a Theexhaustpressureis0 0079Mpa thefreshsteampressureis8 34 9 42MPa thetemperatureis525 545 furthermore thefreshsteampressureandtemperaturecanbechangedsimultaneously b 新蒸汽参数不低于额定值 排汽压力不大于0 035MPa b Theparametersoffreshsteamisnotlessthannominalparameters theexhaustpressureisnotmorethan0 035MPa 2 4汽轮机允许短期运行之最高新蒸汽参数为9 42MPa及545 但此两极限值不能同时出现 且在任何一个极限值下连续运行时间不得超过30min 全年累计运行时间不得超过20h 2 5主蒸汽低于512 时 应减负荷运行 汽温降到502 时 将电动主闸门前的疏水门打开 降到492 开始疏水 温度降到452 时 负荷减到零 如汽温继续下降到432 仍不能恢复时 应打闸停机 2 4Themaximumparametersforshortperiodtimeofrunningforturbosetis9 42MPaand545 however thetwoupperlimitvaluescannotbemaintainedatthesametime furthermore therunningtimeofturbosetateachupperlimitvalueshallnotbemorethan20h 2 5Ifthemainsteamtemperatureislowerthan512 theoperatingloadshallbedecreased Whenthesteamtemperatureisdownto502 openthedrainingvalveinstalledbeforetheelectricmaingate Onlythesteamtemperatureisdownto492 canthedischargingbecarriedout Whenthetemperatureisdownto452 theoperatingloadwillbereducedtozero Iftheparametersstillcannotberecoveredtonormalvaluesevenwhenthesteamtemperatureisreducedto432 thegateshallbeclosedandtheturbosetshallbestopped 2 6新蒸汽参数变化低于允许变化范围的低限值时 应设法尽快恢复到正常值 如短时间不能恢复时 可根据下列原则减负荷 2 6Whentheparametersoffreshsteamarelowerthanthelowerlimitvalueofallowablerange measuresshallbetakentotrytorecoverthenormalvalues Iftheycannotberecoveredinshortperiodoftime theoperatingloadshallbereducedaccordingtofollowingguides 各监视段压力不超过表1中数值 Thepressureateachmonitoringphaseshallnotbemorethanthatlistedintable1 表1Table1 b 轴向位移及止推轴承回油温度不得超过正常运行时最大工况下的相应数值 b Theaxialdisplacementandscavengeoiltemperatureofthrustbearingshallnotbemorethancorrespondingvaluesincaseofnormalrunningatmostseriousoperatingsituation c 机组不出现其它异常情况 c Thereisnoabnormalityinturboset 2 7机组在80 100 额定负荷 TMCR 下运行时 当冷凝器压力升高到18 6KPa时 汽轮机应先减负荷 恢复真空 压力升高到20KPa时 发出警报信号 当压力继续升高到21KPa时 打闸停机 低于80 TMCR 额定负荷时的背压控制设定值见 背压限制保护曲线 2 7Whentheturbosetisrunningat80 100 TMCR ofratedload andthecondenserpressurerisesto18 6KPa theoperatingloadshallbefirstreducedthenrecoveredtovacuum Whenthepressurerisesto20KPa anwarningsignalwillbesentout Ifthepressurecontinuestoriseto21KPa thegateshallbeclosedandtheturbosetshallbestopped Iftheturbosetisrunningatlowerthan80 TMCR ofratedload thesettingvaluesofbackingpressurecanreferto Curveofcontrolledandprotectedbackingpressure 2 8排汽缸温度在空负荷时不得超过120 满负荷时不得超过80 2 8Thetemperatureinsidethecasingincaseofno loadshallnotbemorethan120 andthatincaseoffullloadshallnotbemorethan80 2 9机组在3000r min下运行 振动一般不超过0 05mm 在中速时不得超过0 04mm2 9Whentheturbosetisrunningattherotatingspeedof3000r min thedegreeofvibrationshallnotbemorethan0 05mm Whentheturbosetisrunningatmediumspeed thedegreeofvibrationshallnotbemorethan0 04mm 2 10在80 100 MCR负荷运行时 蒸汽参数正常 关闭主抽汽器后 派汽装置的真空下降速度不许超过每分钟0 27 103Pa 2 10Whentheturbosetisrunningat80 100 MCRload theparametersofsteamshallbenormal Ifthemainsteamextractorisclosed theloweringspeedofvacuumdegreeinsteamexhaustshallnotbemorethan0 27 103Pa min 2 11推力盘紧靠工作瓦时定为轴向位移的零位 当轴向位移达 0 8mm时发出报警信号 1 0mm时停机 1 0mm时报警 1 2mm时停机 2 11Theaxialdisplacementisnamedzeropositionwhenthrustdiscisveyneartheworkingpad Whentheaxialdisplacementofthrustdiscisupto 0 8mm awarningsignalwillbesentout whenthatisupto 1 0mm theturbosetwillbestopped whenthatis 1 0mm therewillbeawarning whenthatis 1 2mm theturbosetwillbestopped 2 12高压缸相对膨胀达 3 5mm报警 1 5mm报警 低压缸相对膨胀达 6mm报警 3 5mm报警 2 12Whentherelativeexpansionofhighpressurecasingisupto 3 5mm therewillbeawarning whenthatis 1 5mm therewillbeawarning whentherelativeexpansionoflowpressurecasingisupto 6mm therewillbeawarning whenthatis 3 5mm therewillbeawarning 2 13本机组在50Hz电网内工作 允许频率在48 5 50 5Hz范围内波动 2 13Theturbosetshallbeconnectedwiththeelectricnetworkwith50Hz theallowablefrequencyisfrom48 5to50 5Hz 2 14危急保安器的动作转速在3330 3360r min 危急保安器动作后 应保证自动主汽门 调速汽门 高压缸排汽逆止门以及各段抽汽逆止门严密关闭 2 14Therotatingspeedofemergencyoverspeedgovernoris3330 3360r min Aftertheemergencyoverspeedgovernorisstartedup theautomaticmainthrottlevalve speedregulatingvalve exhauststeamnon returnvalveonhighpressurecasingandnon returnvalvesoneachbleedsteamsectionshallbeclosedtightly 2 15油系统采用46汽轮机油 15Theoilsystemshalluse46turbineoil 2 16调节系统正常油压 抗燃油为14 8MPa 透平油为1 96 0 1MPa 润滑油压为0 098 0 0196MPa 当润滑油压降低到0 069MPa时 启动交流润滑油泵 降到0 059MPa时 启动直流事故油泵 降到0 029MPa时 停止盘车 2 16Thenormaloilpressureofregulatingsystemis 14 8MPaforfire resistanceoil 1 96 0 1MPaforturbineoil 0 098 0 0196MPaforlubricationpressure Whenthelubricationpressureisdownto0 069MPa startuptheAClubricationpump whenthelubricationpressureisdownto0 059MPa startuptheDClubricatingpump whenthelubricationpressureisdownto0 029MPa stoptheturninggear 2 17冷油器出口油温应保持在38 45 轴承回油温度65 时报警 75 时打闸停机 2 17Theexitoiltemperatureofoilcoolershallbemaintainedbetween38and45 Whenthetemperatureofscavengeoilisupto65 therewillbeawarning whenthetemperatureofscavengeoilisupto75 thegatewillbeclosedandtheturbosetwillbestopped 2 18正常运行时 注意检查调速系统各连接部分 确信无松脱现象 2 18Whentheturbosetisinnormalrunning allconnectionsofspeedregulatingsystemshallbeexaminedtoensurethereisnoanyloose 2 19主汽门及调节阀应定期进行活动试验 以防阀杆卡涩 2 19Themainsteamthrottlevalveandregulatingvalveshallbetestedregularlytoavoidblockagebecauseoftoodry 2 20危急保安器必须定期检查 每2000h试验一次 停机超过一个月再次启动时 亦应进行试验 2 20Theemergencyoverspeedgovernorshallbecheckedregularly andtestedevery2000hatime Ifitisre startedaftermorethanonemonthofstoptime atestshallbealsocarriedout 2 21按制造厂提供的有关图样及说明书的要求定期检查抽汽逆止阀 2 21Regularlycheckthebleedsteamnon returnvalveaccordingtorelateddrawingsandspecificationssuppliedbymanufacturer 3 停机3 shutting down3 1滑参数停机3 1Slowshutting downaccordingtoparameters3 1 1停机前试验交 直流润滑油泵 顶轴油泵及盘车装置 3 1 1Beforeshutting down testtheAC DClubricatingpump jackingoilpumpandturninggear 3 1 2锅炉按滑停曲线降温降压 减负荷 3 1 2Thetemperature pressureandloadofboilerwillbereducedaccordingtothecurveofparametersforslowshutting down 随着蒸汽参数的降低 逐渐全开调速汽门 先将机组负荷降到75MW 蒸汽温度降到515 稳定运行15min 测量机组的振动 待高压缸金属温度均下降后 仍按滑参数停机曲线降温 降压 负荷随着下降 Withthedecreaseofsteamparameters slowlyandfullyopenthespeedregulatingvalve firstlyreducetheloadofturbosetdownto75MW thesteamtemperatureisreducedto515 thenstablyrunningfor15min andmeasurethevibrationofturboset Untilthemetaltemperatureofhighpressurecasingisdecreased reducethetemperature pressureandloadaccordingtothecurveofparametersforslowshutting down 3 1 3负荷减到30MW时 停止低加疏水泵 开启至冷凝器疏水门 疏水导向冷凝器 开启再循环水门 3 1 3Whentheloadisreducedto30MW stopthedrainagepump andopenthedrainingvalveonpipeconnectingwithcondenser thenopentherecirculationvalve 3 1 4主蒸汽降到350 时 开启导汽管 汽缸及抽汽管道等疏水门 3 1 4Whenthemainsteamtemperatureisdownto350 opendrainingvalvesonsteamguidingpipe casingandbleedsteampipe 3 1 5根据排汽室温度投入排汽缸喷水 使排汽室温度不超过80 3 1 5Accordingtothetemperatureofexhauststeamchamber startupthewatersprayingforexhauststeamchambertomakesurethetemperatureinthechamberisnotmorethan80 3 1 6根据锅炉要求 3 1 6Accordingtotherequirementsofboiler 3 1 7当主蒸汽压力滑至1 471MPa 温度滑至260 将负荷减到零 发电机解列后打闸停机 3 1 7Whenthemainsteampressureisdownto1 471MPaandthetemperatureisdecreasedto260 theloadwillbereducedtozero afterthegeneratorisdisconnected theturbosetwillbestopped 3 1 8记录转子惰走时间 检查主汽阀 调节阀是否卡涩 关闭严密 并将启动阀退回零位 3 1 8Recordthecoastingtimeofrotor checkifthemainsteamvalveandregulatingvalveisnormal thenregulatethetriggervalvetozeropoint 3 1 9启动交流润滑油泵 当转速降到500 200r min时 启动顶轴油泵 主轴静止后投入盘车装置 记录大轴晃动度 3 1 9StartuptheAClubricatingpump whentherotatingspeedisdowntolessthan500 200r min startthejackingoilpump afterthemainshaftisstatic starttheturninggear thenrecordthedegreeofsloshing 3 1 10连续盘车至高压缸下半内壁温度降到250 以下 再每30min盘转180 或连续盘车 直到缸温150 以下 停止盘车 3 1 10Continuousturninggearuntilthetemperatureoflowerinnerwallofhighpressurecasingislessthan250 thenturninggear180 every30min orcontinuousturninggear untilthetemperatureinsidethecasingislessthan150 thenstopturninggear 3 1 11排汽室温度降到50 以下 停止凝结水泵 3 11Whenthetemperatureofexhausthoodisreducedtoless 3 1 12滑停过程中注意事项 曲线见图33 1 12Notesduringslidingparametershutdown refertoFigure3forcurve a 主蒸汽温度下降速度不大于1 5 min a Theloweringspeedofmainsteamtemperatureshallnotbemorethan1 5 minb 主蒸汽压力下降速度为0 049 0 098MPa min b Theloweringspeedofmainsteampressureshallbe0 049 0 098MPa min c 高压缸壁温度与法兰温度差不大于40 其它各温差限额与启动时相同 c Thetemperaturedifferencebetweenthewallofhighpressurecasingandflangeshallnotbemorethan40 othertemperaturedifferencesshallbethesameasthatwheninstarting d 主蒸汽过热度保持在50 以上 d Thedegreeofmainsteamsuperheatingshallbemorethan50 e 主蒸汽温度低于高压缸下半内壁温度35 时 应停止降温降压 e Whenthemainsteamtemperatureislowerthanthetemperatureoflowerinnerwallofhighpressurecasingby35 stopreducingtemperatureandpressure f 高 低压缸相对膨胀值接近允许值时 停止减温减压和降负荷 f Whentherelativeexpansionofhigh lowpressureapproachestoallowablevalue stopreducingtemperatureandpressureaswellasload 3 1 13滑参数停机曲线见图3 3 1 13SeeFigure3forthecurveofslidingparametersshutdown 6 3 2正常停机 额定参数停机 3 2Normalshutting down Accordingtonominalparameters 3 2 1停机前的准备工作与滑停时相同 3 2 1Thepreparationsbeforenormalshutting downarethesameasthatbeforeslowshutting down 3 2 2以1000KW min的速度减负荷 并严格控制好转子与汽缸的相对膨胀不超过规定值 汽封调节必要时由人控制 3 2 2Reducetheloadwiththerateof1000KW min besides makesuretherelativeexpansionofrotorandcasingisnotmorethanspecifiedvalue Ifnecessary thesteamsealcanberegulatedmanually 3 2 3减负荷过程中 要根据锅炉情况 3 2 3Theloadshallbereducedaccordingtothesituationofboiler 3 2 4减负荷过程中 要及时调整轴封供汽压力 冷凝器热水井水位 油温油压等 3 2 4Duringreducingload regulatethepressureofsupplysteamforshaftgland waterlevelincondenserhotwellandoilpressureaswellasoiltemperature etc 3 2 5注意高 低压缸胀差的变化 如胀差向负值增大 应放慢减负荷速度 如高压胀差负值急剧增大时 应停止减负荷或投入轴封高温汽