谷类作物的分类及概述英文版.ppt

TuesdayLecture CerealGrains Reading Textbook Chapter5 McClungMuseumFieldTrip Review ReciprocaleffectsofagriculturalonplantsandpeoplePlants pre adapted byweedyhabit domesticatedPeople changestosocietystructure stratificationritualusesofplants arts medicine Highyieldagriculture supportsmorepeople butatthecostofgoodhealth Dr Crites whencornbecamewidespread humanhealth wentdownthecrapper QuizBrieflydescribe2thingsthatyoulearnedduringthefieldtriptotheMcClungMuseumDuringhisdiscussionofNewWorldagriculture Dr GaryCritesoftheMuseumstaffmentionedseveralcerealcropsthatoriginatedintheNewWorld nameoneofthem byscientificorcommonname WhatisaCereal SeeFig 5 1 p 111 WhatisaCereal SeeFig 5 1 p 111 Ceres Romangoddessofagriculture inGreek Demeter Myth motherofPersephone whowaskidnappedbyHades Cereswentonstriketodemandreturnofdaughter Persephonehadeatenapomegranateseed forcedtodividetime explanationfortemperateseasons WhatisaCereal Ceres Romangoddessofagriculture inGreek Demeter Myth motherofPersephone whowaskidnappedbyHades Cereswentonstriketodemandreturnofdaughter Persephonehadeatenapomegranateseed forcedtodividetime explanationfortemperateseasons Grain seeds seedlikefruitsofplants particularlygrasses SeeFig 5 1 p 111 WhatisaCereal Ceres Romangoddessofagriculture inGreek Demeter Myth motherofPersephone whowaskidnappedbyHades Cereswentonstriketodemandreturnofdaughter Persephonehadeatenapomegranateseed forcedtodividetime explanationfortemperateseasons Grain seeds seedlikefruitsofplants particularlygrassesCereal ediblegrainsproducedbyannualgrasses SeeFig 5 1 p 111 WhatisaCereal Ceres Romangoddessofagriculture inGreek Demeter Myth motherofPersephone whowaskidnappedbyHades Cereswentonstriketodemandreturnofdaughter Persephonehadeatenapomegranateseed forcedtodividetime explanationfortemperateseasons Grain seeds seedlikefruitsofplants particularlygrassesCereal ediblegrainsproducedbyannualgrassesCerealGrain redundant SeeFig 5 1 p 111 Poaceae Gramineae GrassFamily Poaceae Gramineae GrassFamily Gramineae traditionalnameforfamily Poaceae Gramineae GrassFamily Gramineae traditionalnameforfamilyRanks 4th numberofspecies 1st Numberofindividuals 1st EconomicImportance Poaceae Gramineae GrassFamily Gramineae traditionalnameforfamilyRanks 4th numberofspecies 1st Numberofindividuals 1st EconomicImportanceAgrostology StudyofGrasses GrassPlant OverallStructure SeeFig 5 2 p 112 GrassInfloresenceStructure SeeFig 5 2 p 112 GrassInfloresenceStructure Flower SeeFig 5 2 p 112 Grain FruitoftheGrassFamily SeeFig 5 4 p 112 Grain FruitoftheGrassFamily SeeFig 5 4 p 112 Grain FruitoftheGrassFamily SeeFig 5 4 p 112 Grain FruitoftheGrassFamily SeeFig 5 4 p 112 Grain FruitoftheGrassFamily SeeFig 5 4 p 112 ChangesinCerealGrassesthroughDomestication 1 Simultaneoustilleringoreliminationofbranching SeeFig 5 5 5 6 5 7 5 8 pages114 115 ChangesinCerealGrassesthroughDomestication 1 Simultaneoustilleringoreliminationofbranching Reducedlodging SeeFig 5 5 5 6 5 7 5 8 pages114 115 ChangesinCerealGrassesthroughDomestication 1 Simultaneoustilleringoreliminationofbranching ReducedlodgingNon shattering SeeFig 5 5 5 6 5 7 5 8 pages114 115 ChangesinCerealGrassesthroughDomestication 1 Simultaneoustilleringoreliminationofbranching ReducedlodgingNon shatteringFree threshing SeeFig 5 5 5 6 5 7 5 8 pages114 115 MajorCerealCrops Barley HordeumvulgareWheat Triticum T aestivum T monococcum T durum Rye SecalecerealeOats AvenasativaRice OryzasativaSorghum SorghumbicolorMillets Eleusinecoracana Pennisetumglaucum etc Corn Zeamays SeeTable 5 2 p 110 Barley HordeumvulgareFirstKingofCereals Barley Hordeumvulgare Origin nearEast FertileCrescent Uses Bread Beer Livestockfeed 6 rowed 2 rowed SeeFig 5 9 p 116 Wheat TheStaffofLife Wheatpenny EvolutionofWheat SeeFig 5 10 p 117 TypesofWheat Einkorn relictualcultivationonlyEmmer Durum tetraploid hard wheat usedformacaroniSpelt BreadWheat hexaploid soft wheat breadflour Higherploidy higherglutencontent gluten protein SeeFig 5 10 5 11p 117 EinkornEmmerSpeltBread WheatanditsPests Wheatrust Pucciniagraminis isamajorfungaldiseasethatisspreadbyspores Itiscontrolledbyselectionofresistantcultivars lowerleft Rye SecalecerealeWeedorFirstCerealCrop StandardWisdom originatedasweed betterincoolclimatesNewFinds 13 000yearoldrye inSyria 3 000yearsolderthanothercereals Rye Witches andTriticale Ryewithergotfungus WheatRyeTriticale intergenerichybrid SeeFig 5 14 p 119 Oats AWeedBecomes Somewhat Respectable Origin weedinbarleyorwheatAdaptedtocoolclimates animalfeedRomans Germans oat eatingbarbarians OatsCloseUp OatSpikelet Glumes Florets SeeFig 5 15 p 120 Rice TheWorld sMostImportantCrop SeeFig 5 18 p 122 RiceCloseUp ProcessingRice Rice NextStepsfortheGreenRevolution Rice GenomicResearchGoldenRice BoonorBane Pro solveproblem vitaminAdeficiency usingbiotechnologyCon problemoriginatedwithtechnology polishingrice andcanbereversed problemsexistwithtechnology Frankenfoods newgenecombinations increasedrelianceonagrobusiness SorghumLikesitHotandDry Origin Ethiopia MainTypes