宏观经济 第24章生活费用的衡量(题目+答案+详解).doc

第24章生活费用的衡量1. In the calculation of the CPI, coffee is given greater weight than tea ifA. consumers buy more coffee than tea.B. the price of coffee is higher than the price of tea.C. it costs more to produce coffee than it costs to produce tea.D. coffee is more readily available than tea is to the typical consumer.2. Suppose a basket of goods and services has been selected to calculate the CPI and 2002 has been selected as the base year. In 2002, the baskets cost was $50; in 2004, the baskets cost was $52; and in 2006, the baskets cost was $54.60. The value of the CPI in 2006 wasA. 91.6.B. 104.6.C. 109.2.D. 154.63.If the CPI was 110 this year and 100 last year, then A. the cost of the CPI basket of goods and services increased by 110 percent this year.B. the price level increased by 10 percent this year.C. the inflation rate for this year was 10 percent higher than the inflation rate for last year.D. All of the above are correct.4. Because the CPI is based on a fixed basket of goods, substitution bias causes the index toa.overstate the increase in the cost of living from one year to the next.b.ignore any increase in the cost of living from one year to the next. c.understate the increase in the cost of living from one year to the next. d.sometimes understate, and sometimes overstate the increase in the cost of living from one year to the next.5. Suppose lawn mowers are part of the market basket used to compute the CPI. Suppose also that the quality of lawn mowers improves while the price of lawn mowers stays the same. If the Bureau of Labor Statistics is able to precisely adjust the CPI for the improvement in quality, then, other things equal,A. the CPI will rise.B. the CPI will fall.C. the CPI will stay the same.D. lawn mowers will no longer be included in the market basket.答案：ACBAB 1A：CPI是普通消费者购买的所有物品与劳务的总费用的衡量指标。根据消费者购买的每种物品的多少来对这些物品和劳务进行加权。 2C：CPI=当年一篮子物品与劳务的价格*100 / 基年一篮物品与劳务的价格 3B：通货膨胀率（物价指数变动的百分比）=(第二年CPI-第一年CPI)*100 / 第一年CPI 4A: 用CPI衡量生活费用存在的问题：Substitution bias 替代偏向：消费者倾向于用那些变得不太昂贵的物品来代替，CPI是一篮子物品固定，从而高估从某一年到下一年的生活费用的增加。Introduction of new goods（新产品的引进）：当引进新产品时，消费者有了很多的选择每一美元也就更值钱，而CPI是基于固定不变的物品和劳务，没有反映出因引进新产品而引起的美元价值增加，从而高估Unmeasured quality change（无法衡量的质量变动）：若产品质量逐年上升，每一美元的价值也就上升，从而高估从某一年到下一年的生活费用的增加。1. A Japanese automobile company produces cars in the United States, some of which are exported to other nations. If the price of the cars increases,a.the GDP deflator and the CPI will both increase.b.the GDP deflator will increase and the CPI will be unchanged.c.the GDP deflator will be unchanged and the CPI will increase. d.the GDP deflator and the CPI will both be unchanged.2. A Brazilian company produces shirts in the United States and exports all of them to Lithuania. If the price of the shirts increases,a.the GDP deflator and the CPI both increase.b.the GDP deflator is unchanged and the CPI increases.c.the GDP deflator increases and the CPI is unchanged. d.the GDP deflator and the CPI are unchanged.3. A decrease in the price of domestically produced nuclear reactors will be reflected ina. both the GDP deflator and the consumer price index.b. neither the GDP deflator nor the consumer price index.c. the GDP deflator but not in the consumer price index.d. the consumer price index but not in the GDP deflator.4. The price of DVD players increases dramatically, causing a 1 percent increase in the CPI. The price increase will most likely cause the GDP deflator to increase bya. more than 1 percent.b. less than 1 percent.c. 1 percent.d. None of the above is correct; this particular price increase will not affect the GDP deflator.5. The nominal interest rate isa.the interest rate paid or charged by a bank. b.the interest rate as usually reported without a correction for the effects of inflation. c.a low interest rate. d.all of the abovee.a and b above6. If the nominal interest rate is 8% and rate of inflation is 3%, the real interest rate isa.11%. b.24%. c.5%. d.3.75%.7. If the nominal interest rate is 5% and the rate of inflation is 10%, the real interest rate isa.5%. b.50%. c.15%d.5%.8. The CPI was 120 in 2000 and 132 in 2001. Dorgan borrowed money in 2000 and repaid the loan in 2001. If the nominal interest rate on the loan was 12 percent, then the real interest rate wasa. 2 percent.b. 10 percent.c. 12 percent.d. 22 percent.答案：ACCBECDA解析：2C：GDP平减指数反映的是国内生产的所有物品与劳务的价格；是随时间的推移而变动。CPI 反映的是消费者购买的所有物品与劳务的价格；是固定的一篮子物价。例子：波音公司出售一架飞机的价格上升GDP平减指数上升；CPI不变进口物品（沃尔沃汽车）的价格上升CPI上升；GDP平减指数不变石油价格上升CPI上升的速率比GDP平减指数大得多。第25章 生产与增长1. Proprietary technology is technology that isa.widely used because it is easy to learn.b.widely used because the government subsidizes its use.C.not widely used because people could, but have not, taken the time to learn how to apply it.d.not widely used because it is known or controlled only by the company that discovered it.2.Using the notation and production function in the text, Y/L ductivity.b.output.c.the availability of natural resources.d.the amount of human capital.3. Other things the same, which of the following could explain an increase in productivity?a.either an increase in human capital or an increase in physical capitalb.an increase in human capital but not an increase in physical capitalc.an increase in physical capital but not an increase in human capitald.neither an increase in human capital nor an increase in physical capital4. In the country of Suchnott, the price of silver increased from $30 per ounce to $32 per ounce during a time when the overall price level increased by 5 percent. During this period, the real price of silvera.increased.b.decreased.c.stayed the same.d.might have increased, decreased or stayed the same; more information is needed to be sure.5. An economys production function has the constant-returns-to-scale property. If the economys labor force doubled and all other inputs stayed the same, then real GDP woulda.stay the same.b.increase by exactly 50 percent.c.increase by exactly 100 percent.d.increase, but not necessarily by either 50 percent or 100 percent.答案：DAAAD解析：1. D：proprietary technology专利技术在短期内是私人拥有的，暂时性排他性4 A：银的实际通胀：（32-30）/30=6.7%5 D：生产函数具有一种规模收益不变的特性，所有投入翻一番就会使产出也翻一番，但生产率取决于每个工人的物质资本、每个工人的人力资本以及工人的自然资源，还取决于技术状况。1. In a market economy, we know that a resource has become scarcer whena. its price rises relative to other prices.b. it is non-renewable and some of it is used.c. people search for substitutes.d. All of the above are correct.2. Which of the following is an example of a renewable natural resource?a. fishb. soybeansc. woodd. All of the above are correct.3. If an inexpensive alternative to oil were found, the price of oil adjusted for inflationa.would decline as the alternative would reduce the demand for oil.b.would decline as the alternative would reduce the supply of oil.c.would increase as the alternative would increase the demand for oil.d.would increase as the alternative would increase the supply of oil.4. The relationship between the quantity of output created and the quantity of inputs needed to create it is calledA.the capital accumulation function.B.technological knowledge.C.the production function.D.human capital.5. Thomas Edison received patents on many of his inventions. While the patents existed, his ideas wereA.public goods and proprietary knowledge.B.public goods but not proprietary knowledge.C.private goods and proprietary knowledge.D.private goods but not proprietary knowledge.6. Given that a countrys real output has increased, in which of the following cases can we be sure that its productivity also has increased?A.The total number of hours worked rose.B.The total number of hours worked stayed the same.C.The total number of hours worked fell.D.Both b and c are correct.7. Accumulating capitalA.requires that society sacrifice consumption goods in the present.B.allows society to consume more in the present.C.decreases saving rates.D.involves no tradeoffs.8. If a countrys saving rate declined, then other things the same, in the long run the country would haveA.lower productivity, but not lower real GDP per person.B.lower productivity and lower real GDP per person.C.lower real GDP per person, but not lower productivityD.neither lower productivity nor lower real GDP per person.9. Suppose Japanese-based Sony Corporation builds and operates a new digital camera factory in the United States. Future production from such an investment wouldA.increase U.S. GNP more than it would increase U.S. GDP.B.increase U.S. GDP more than it would increase U.S. GNP.C.not affect U.S. GNP, but would increase U.S. GDP.D.have no affect on U.S. GNP or GDP.10 In the U.S., each additional year of schooling has historically raised a persons wage on average by aboutA.2 percent.B.5 percent.C.10 percent.D.15 percent.11.Which of the following is generally an opportunity cost of investment in human capital?A.future job securityB.forgone present wagesC.increased earning potentialD.All of the above are correct.12. Capital accumulationa.requires that society sacrifice consumption goods in the present.b.allows society to consume more in the present.c.decreases saving rates.d.has no tradeoffs.13. If there are diminishing returns to capital, a.increases in the capital stock eventually decrease output.b.increases in the capital stock increase output by ever smaller amounts.c.capital produces fewer goods as it ages.d.new ideas are not as useful as old ideas.14. Which of the following is human capital?a.breakfasts served in a companys cafeteriab.the exercise equipment in a companys gymc.understanding how to use a companys accounting softwared.All of the above are correct.15. Which of the following is a part of your Economics professors human capital?a.her copy of Mankiws textb.her chalk holderc.the degree she earned from some prestigious universityd.All of the above are correct.16. The catch-up effect refers to the idea thata.rich countries aid relat