英美国家概况1.ppt

LectureoneGeneralInformationontheUK Q1 WhereistheUK TheUKissituatednorth westoftheEuropeancontinentbetweentheAtlanticOceanandtheNorthSea Ithasatotallandareaof244 100squarekilometers ofwhichnearly99 islandandtheremainderinlandwater Fromnorthtosouthitisabout1 000kilometerslong TheUKpartofEuropeandisamemberoftheEuropeanUnion EU Q2 WhatistheofficialnameoftheUK TheofficialnameoftheUKisthe UnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland Q3 WhyisEnglandortheUKsometimescalledBritain England issometimes wrongly usedinreferencetothewholeUnitedKingdom theentireislandofGreatBritain orsimplyBritain orindeedtheBritishIsles ThisisnotonlyincorrectbutcancauseoffencetopeoplefromotherpartsoftheUK England Scotland Wales GreatBritainrefertodifferentpartsoftheUK TheBritishIslesincludesmanyislandsnotevenpartoftheUK Q4 WhatcountriesmakeuptheUK Thenamereferstotheunionofwhatwereoncefourseparatenations England Scotland WalesandIreland thoughmostofIrelandisnowindependent OnlyNorthernIrelandispartoftheUKnow TheUnitedKingdomismadeupof England ThecapitalisLondon Scotland ThecapitalisEdinburgh Wales ThecapitalisCardiff NorthernIreland ThecapitalisBelfast England ScotlandandWalestogetherformGreatBritain GreatBritainandNorthernIrelandtogetherformthe UnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland UK HistoryofthemakingoftheUK1536 ActofUnionjoinsEnglandandWales1707 ActofUnionunitesScotlandandEngland togetherwithWalestoformtheKingdomofGreatBritain 1801 TheIrishParliamentvotedtojointheUnion ThethenKingdomofGreatBritainbecomestheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandIreland 1922 NamechangedtoUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland whenmostoftheSoutherncountiesinIrelandchooseindependence England Englandisinnorth westEuropeandisinthesouthernpartofGreatBritain ItisanislandcountryandalsopartoftheUnitedKingdom UK EnglandisthelargestcountryinGreatBritainandtheUK Nearly84 ofthepopulationoftheUKlivesinEngland mainlyinthemajorcitiesandmetropolitanareas Scotland Scotlandisinnorth westEuropeandispartofGreatBritain anislandcountryandtheUnitedKingdom UK ScotlandisamountainouscountryinthenorthoftheislandofGreatBritainandsharesalandbordertothesouthwithEnglandandisboundedbytheNorthSeaontheeastandtheAtlanticOceanonthewest ItscapitalcityisEdinburgh Scotlandhassome790islands 130inhabited ScotlandisFamousfor Itsfreshwaterlochs lakes thereareover600squaremilesofthem OneofthemostfamousisLochNesswhereamysteriousmonsterissaidtolurkinthedepthsofthewater Itisalsofamousforitsclans kilts medievalcastles aswellaspoetryandsongsofRobertBurns TheatreloversfromaroundtheworldcometoEdinburghforitsfamoustheatresfestival Wales Walesisinnorth westEuropeandispartofGreatBritainWalesisamountainouscountryonthewesternsideofGreatBritain ThenationalgameofWalesisRugbyTechnically Walesisaprincipality Thismeansthatitisruledbyaprince TraditionallythePrinceofWalesistheeldestsonoftheEnglishmonarch theUnionFlag TheUnionFlag popularlyknownasthe UnionJack isthenationalflagoftheUnitedKingdom ItistheBritishflag TheCurrentNationalAnthem GodSavetheQueen Britain sNationalEmblemsEngland St GeorgeandtheRoseThenationalflowerofEnglandistherose TheflowerhasbeenadoptedasEngland semblemsincethetimeoftheWarsoftheRoses civilwars 1455 1485 betweentheroyalhouseofLancaster whoseemblemwasaredrose andtheroyalhouseofYork whoseemblemwasawhiterose Scotland St Andrew theThistleandScottishBluebellThenationalflowerofScotlandisthethistle aprickly leavedpurpleflowerwhichwasfirstusedinthe15thcenturyasasymbolofdefense TheScottishBluebellisalsoseenastheflowerofScotland Wales St DavidandtheDaffodilThenationalflowerofWalesisthedaffodil whichistraditionallywornonSt David sDay ThevegetablecalledleekisalsoconsideredtobeatraditionalemblemofWales NorthernIreland St PatrickandtheShamrockThenationalflowerofNorthernIrelandistheshamrock athree leavedplantsimilartoclover AnIrishtaletellsofhowPatrickusedthethree leafedshamrocktoexplaintheTrinity HeuseditinhissermonstorepresenthowtheFather theSon andtheHolySpiritcouldallexistasseparateelementsofthesameentity Hisfollowersadoptedthecustomofwearingashamrockonhisfeastday DoyoureallyknowwhattheEnglisharelike EnglishStereotypes NotBritish Q Whatarethefirstthreethingswhichcomeintoyourmindwhenyouhearthewords England or theEnglish A Minearefishandchips rollinghillsandsarcasm ThemostcommonimagepeoplehaveofatypicalEnglishmanisamanwearingabowlerhatandreadingtheTimesnewspaper Menwearingbowlerhats apinstripedsuit anewspaperunderthearmandcarryingalongunopenedumbrella PopulationBritainisarelativelydenselypopulatedcountry Englandmoreorlessconstantlymakesup84 ofthetotalpopulation Walesaround5 Scotlandroughly8 5 andNorthernIreland since1921 lessthan3 ClimateContrarytopopularbelief itDOESNOTraineverydayinEnglandorintherestoftheUK However itisalwaysadvisabletobringsometypeofwaterproofclothingandkeepyourselfpsychologicallyprepared TemperateClimate TheoverallclimateinEnglandiscalledtemperatemaritime Thismeansthatitismildwithtemperaturesnotmuchlowerthan0 Cinwinterandnotmuchhigherthan32 Cinsummer Italsomeansthatitisdampandissubjecttofrequentchanges WarmestandcoldestmonthsJulyandAugustarenormallythewarmestmonthinEngland Aroundthecoasts Februaryisnormallythecoldestmonth butinlandthereislittletochoosebetweenJanuaryandFebruaryasthecoldestmonth BestmonthstotraveltoEnglandProbablythebestmonthstotravelinEnglandareMay June SeptemberandOctober Thesemonthsgenerallyhavethemostpleasanttemperaturesandlessrain JulyandAugustarethewarmestmonths buttheyarealsothewettest ThesunniestpartsoftheBritainarealongthesouthcoastofEngland EconomyinBritainTheUKisthefourthlargesteconomyintheworld withagrossdomesticproduct GDP ofUS 1 93trillion IthasthesecondlargesteconomyinEurope afterGermany Thecapital London isoneofthetwolargestfinancialcentersintheworld alongwithNewYorkCity Themainindustriestodayarebankingandfinance steel transportequipment oilandgas andtourism TheBritishcurrencyisthepoundsterling ThesignforthepoundisGBP GreatBritishPoundThepound ismadeupof100pence p exactlylikethedollarissplitinto100cents Thesingularofpenceis penny Thesymbolforthepennyis p henceanamountsuchas50pisoftenpronounced fiftypee ratherthan fiftypence Wehavebothcoinsandbanknotes Currentcoinsare 1penny 2pence 5pence 10pence 20pence 50pence 1pound and2pounds Currentbanknotesare the5poundnote the10poundnote the20poundnoteandthe50poundnote Q5 WhatReligionsarethereintheBritain TheofficialreligionofEnglandisChristianity aspracticedbytheChurchofEngland Anglican TheChurchinWa