英文书信正文的写法.doc

英文书信的特点与写作方法 一、文体特点英语书信就通信者之间的关系而言，大致可分为两大类：事务信件(Business Letter)和私人信件(Personal Letter)。前者是指机关、团体、单位之间或它们与个人之间因接洽事务而来往的信件；后者是指亲戚、朋友、同事之间来往的信件。其实英语书信根据其作用可分为很多类，除了普通书信外，还有感谢信、邀请信、求职信、交友信等等。现在的书信已倾向于废弃过去的很多陈腐词句和无聊套语，力求通俗、简化，但有些约定俗成的写法和格式用起来简便，所以仍在沿用。英文书信是中学英语应用文体裁的重要题材之一，也是高中书面表达的考试内容之一。掌握了书信的写作方法，对其他应用文，如电子邮件、便条等的写法有很大帮助。二、写作方法掌握书信各个主要部分的写法和格式是很重要的。一般一封英文信主要由以下部分组成：Heading(信头)，Inside Address(信内地址，这部分只应用于正式的商业书信)，Salutation(称呼)，Body of Letter(信的正文)，Complimentary Close(结束语)，Signature(签名)，Enclosure(附件)，Postscript(再启)，Superscription(信封的写法)等。其中其六项为书信的主要部分，不可缺少。后面两项则视情况而定，没有需要，可以不写。书信正文的写法 正文是指一封信的内容。正文紧接着称呼下开始写，通常每段开头往右缩4-5个字母距离。说话用开门见山，一开始就说明写信的目的。内容在保证说清楚问题的前提下要尽量简短明了。如果原来双方已就某事有过信件往来，一般要在正文第一句援引有关信件。如：In reply to your letter of Oct. 26，we等。在商业信件中，信的正文上方正中处往往加一标题(Caption)，表明信中所谈的主要内容，同时在标题前写上“Re：(关于)字样。个人信件开头的第一句常可用这样的句子：Your letter of April 12 arrived this morning.I was glad to have received your latter dated April 12. 写好正文，要做到内容表达清楚，语言简单明了，态度诚恳礼貌。力求避免表面华丽而实则虚浮的词句。在语法方面，要合乎逻辑，层次分明，合情合理。要做到这一点，首先要提高英语水平，勤练习，多实践，先模仿，后创造，则功到自然成。书信结束语的写法 结束语分两个部分：结尾语(The Closing Sentence)和结尾谦称(Complimentary Close)。结尾语一般常用一些客套话表示礼貌。在私人信件中常用的有：With best wishes, 谨祝安好！All the best, 祝一切安好！With kind regards, 谨致问候！With kindest regards, 谨致最良好的问候！With all good wishes，谨祝万事如意！All good wishes，万事如意！Best regards，谨致最好的问候！Wish you every success in the future. 祝你未来一帆风顺。下面的客套话比较新式：Im looking forward to hear from you soon. 我盼望你尽快回信。Please remember me to your family. 请代我向你家人问好。Give my best wishes to your parents. 向你父母亲问好。Any other particulars required I shall be pleased to give you. 其他各项详情，如有所需，我当欣然奉告。We hope that the finished work will prove in every way satisfactory to you. 我们希望此项工作能在各方面使您满意。We shall have the pleasure of welcoming your visiting soon. 倘于近日能欢迎您来访，我们将感到快乐。Wont you let us hear from you promptly？可否即予赐复？Your early reply will be appreciated. 希早复为感。We await your good news. 我们恭候您的好消息。结尾谦称低于正文二、三行，大都从纸的中间写起。第一个词的首字母要大写，末尾用逗号。结束语为写信人对收信人的谦逊。措辞的变化按照不同的关系而定。如：写给机关或不认识的人时，用Yours faithfully(您忠实的)，Yours truly(您非常忠实的), Faithfully yours(您忠实的)，Yours confidentially(您信任的)等。写给年长者、老师或上级用Yours respectfully(您尊敬的)，Very respectfully yours，Yours obediently(您恭顺的)等。写给熟人或好友，一般用Yours sincerely，Very sincerely yours，Yours cordially等。在美国往往只用Sincerely(诚挚的)或Cordially(热诚的)。在我国，同事之间通信，一般常用Comradely yours，Faithfully yours等。在我国对外往来的商业信件中，国外来信结尾一般用Yours faithfully(您忠实的)或Yours truly(您非常忠实的)。我国发往外国的信件一般都用谦称。 只有当结束语要与正文内容密切配合时，才能顺理成章，这在写信时需要特别注意。书信称呼语的写作 称呼低于信内地址一行，顶格写。一般情况用Sir(公函或商业信件中对陌生男子最正式的称呼)，Dear Sir(信件中最普通的称呼)，My dear Sir(信件中较客气而有礼貌的称呼)，Dear Sirs(或Sirs)(致公司、团体等信件中的称呼，通常以Gentlemen代替，特别是在美国)。如果对方是妇女，用Dear Madam(复数用Dear Ladies)。在我国，一般用Dear Comrades或Comrades。对已知名姓的或熟人可用Dear Mr. Milton，Dear Mrs. Smith, Dr. Fitch，Professor Ward，Miss Jones，Dear Comrade Wang等。(要注意的是：Mr.通常只用在姓前或名和姓前，而不能直接用在名前，Sir可用在名前，或名和姓前，或名的开首字母和姓前；Mrs.通常用在丈夫的姓前或名和姓前，一般情况下不直接用在名前，除非跟丈夫的名字并称时。如可再Paul and Mrs. Paul；Miss用在父姓前或名和姓前，不能用在名前。)称呼之后一般用逗号，不用冒号。 高考英语书面表达活动回顾类 It is Sunday today. I didnt get up as early as usual. In the morning after I finished my homework, I did some washing. I called Wu Gang and invited him to see the film Hero. But unfortunately, when we got to the cinema at two oclock in the afternoon, we found all the tickets had been sold out. Then we went back to school to play table tennis. After that when we were about to go home, we saw our English teacher Ms. Liu at the school gate. She told us that we had made great progress in English this term. She suggested that we should do more reading and listening. We promised her that we would take her advice. 高考英语书面表达（叙事夹思类） At supper time this evening，when my whole family were having dinner at the table，my neighbor, a three-year-old boy, Wei Wei, came as usual. To my surprise, he insisted on having his meal all by himself instead of being fed as before. Of course, he drooped a lot of rice on the floor. When my grandmother saw this, she came over to Wei Wei and said, “Wei Wei, dont waste rice. Dont drop the rice on the floor. It is not easy for the peasants to grow the rice.” On hearing this，my face turned red at once, because I myself sometimes waste rice. I am determined I will never waste any food. 附大意：今天晚上，全家人都正在桌子边吃饭，就在这时，我的邻居，一个三岁的男孩，威威，像往常一样来了。使我感动惊奇的是，他坚持要自己吃饭，而不像以前那样要别人喂他。当然，他把许多饭洒落在地上。我奶奶看见了，走过来说：“威威，别浪费饭了。别把饭掉在地上。农民种粮食不容易。”一听到这话，我的脸就变红了，因为我有时候也浪费粮食。我决心决不浪费粮食了。高考英语书面表达（叙景夹情类） The Summer Rain The summer has come. It is getting hotter and hotter. Suddenly the black clouds gathered in the sky and the storm began with lightning and thunder. Some birds hurried to the woods, hiding themselves under trees while swallows were busily flying up and down in the rain. Many peasants went out to look after their crops with tools. After the rain, the grass on the ground got greener while some flowers in the garden fell off. I was really moved by the brave and felt a bit pity for the weak. 英语议论文的写作技巧 一、文体特点议论文是以议论说理为主要表达方式对某个问题或某件事进行分析、评论，表明作者的观点、立场、态度、看法、主张的文体。通常要具备论点、论据和论证三个要素。论点的基本要求是：观点正确，见解新鲜；概括全面，有实际意义；要恰当地综合运用各种论证方法。论据的基本要求是：真实可靠，充分典型。论证的基本要求是：推理必须合乎逻辑，论证要讲究顺序，要符合正确的推理形式。二、写作技巧议论文的写作是一个创造性的完整过程。它大体上可以分为摄取、构思、表达和修改四个阶段。构思是把客体材料转变为作者主观认识的转化阶段，表达是通过遣词造句将作者的思想“物化为文章”的实施阶段，修改是最后完善提高文章的过程。在对这四个阶段的具体运作过程中，一定要进行恰当地分析，提高自觉性。在具体的写作过程中，要注意以下几点：1. 把握三个要素，即论点、论据和论证。论点要新，要有鲜明的时代特征，能体现时代脉搏。认识问题和分析问题时，应当褒扬新思想，针砭时弊，体现时代的精神风貌。同时要把握事物的本质特征，揭示事物的发展规律，给人以厚重感。论据要为论点服务，注重摆事实，讲道理。在写作时要充分利用事实论据和道理论据，灵活采用多种论证方法，如例证法、引证法、对比论证法、比喻论证法等让文章更具说服力与雄辩性，让读者心服口服。2. 把握三性，即准确性、鲜明性和主动性。在写作时要善于提出问题，主动地运用准确的论据和恰当的论证方法来分析问题，水到渠成地引出自己鲜明的观点。3. 语言运用时务必准确、言简意赅，行文时要注重条理性和层次性。三、佳作欣赏Keep Water CleanIt is known to all of us that there is not enough water on the earth. In some parts of the world, such as in Africa, people even have not enough water to drink. They are living a hard life because of lack of water. At the same time, water is being polluted in some other countries. Many rivers, lakes and seas have been polluted by waste poured by factories. Fishes in the polluted waters are not safe to eat any longer. and some people died of diseases caused by the dirty water.It is very important to protect water. Waste water should be cleaned before pouring into rivers and lakes. Laws should be made to prevent factories from polluting water.We hope that everyone will protect water and keep water clean because we only have one earth.【评析】本文紧扣题目，先写水资源的短缺，再写有限水源的污染及其导致的结果，层层深入，结尾处自然地得出结论：我们要珍惜水资源。高考英语书面表达原创模拟中学生留学 近年来，越来越多的中学生选择出国留学，有人赞同也有人反对。请根据下表提供的内容，写出你自己的观点。赞成反对1. 与中国教育相比，国外的教育更加注重对学生各种能力的培养；2. 开拓视野，体验不同的文化生活，同时也传播了本国文化；3. 学习国外先进的技术。1. 中学生年纪太小，生活上不能完全自理；2. 在国外缺少家长的监督，容易学坏；3. 出国费用很高，给家长带来经济压力。写作注意1.你要么赞成，要么反对，只能选择其一；2.词数120左右。 【参考范文】 (1)In recent years, studying abroad has become more and more popular among teenagers. In my opinion, it is good to send them to study in foreign countries.In the first place, compared with the education at home, education in foreign countries pays more attention to cultivate the students ability and offer better studying conditions. Second, living and studying in a society totally different from their own country, the students will learn more after class by experiencing a different culture and living independently. Meanwhile, they help spread their own culture to a foreign country. Above all things, the students can learn advanced technology from foreign countries and make contribution to our motherland.(2)Nowadays, more and more teenagers choose to study abroad. As I see it, it is no good to send middle school students abroad to study. First, they are too young to look after themselves, especially in a foreign country which is totally strange to them. They have to spend a lot of time and energy getting used to their new life, which is unnecessary if they are at home. Whats more, they are still not mature mentally. Without their parents guidance, it is easier for them to ignore their study and even learn to do ill. Besides, studying abroad costs a lot, it is a heavy burden upon their parents.高考英语书面表达原创模拟网上购物 随着电脑和因特网的普及，网上购物也进入了人们的日常生活，有人支持网上购物，也有人对其持保留态度，你的看法是什么？根据下表写一篇文章。支持者反对者1. 节省时间、精力，对忙碌的人、老年人或一些不方便的人更是如此2. 网上有大量的商品信息，可以买到当地没有的东西1. 网上所见的商品有可能与实物不一致，质量难以保证2. 网上欺诈造成投诉困难 你的看法？写作注意1.不要逐条翻译；2.词数120左右。参考词汇投诉complain v. / complaint n.【参考范文】Online shopping is common in our daily life now. There are two kinds of opinion about it.Some people think that online shopping has a lot of advantages. The most important one is its convenience. People dont have to waste their time and energy to go from one shop to another to buy commodities they like. This is especially useful to the busy people, the aged and the disable people who cant go to shops in person. Besides, on the Internet there is enough information of all kinds of commodities, and people are able to buy things from a distant place. But other people object to online shopping. They think that the real goods may be different from what the consumers have seen on the Net, thus the quality of commodities bought online may not be ensured. Whats worse, once cheated online, one may find it difficult to make a complaint.In my opinion, it is better for all to be careful when shopping online.高考英语书面表达原创模拟交通安全 道路交通安全是大家很关心的一个话题。据报道，很多的交通事故都是由于人们违反交通规则而造成的；为了维护大家的交通安全，我们要牢记交通规则。请根据提示用英语写一篇文章介绍基本的交通规则。1. 过马路要走人行横道、地下通道、或人行天桥。2. 骑车要靠右行；红灯停，绿灯行。3. 转弯或停车时要打手势。4. 要教育小孩子不要在马路上玩耍、打闹。5. 要帮助老人和小孩过马路。写作注意1. 不要逐条翻译；2. 词数120左右。参考词汇人行横道crosswalk，地下通道underground passage，人行天桥pedestrian overpass高考英语书面表达原创模拟零花钱使用调查 下面是一个关于中学生怎样使用零用钱的调查结果，请根据表格提示写一篇文章。 零用钱的使用现状 1. 购买书籍、学习资料，约占55%；2. 饮食方面，约占27%；3. 娱乐方面（上网、玩游戏等），约占18%。 零用钱的使用建议 1. 购买学习用品；2. 把零用钱积攒起来，帮助需要帮助的人；3. 你的看法。 写作注意1. 文章要涵盖表格内的所有内容；2. 词数120左右。参考词汇零花钱pocket money 【参考范文】Recently, a survey has been done on how middle school students spend their pocket money. according to the results, 55% of the students spend their pocket money on their study, such as buying reference books. About 27% use their money for food and drink. While the rest spend their money on entertainment, for example, surfing the Internet and playing PC games. Since students are consumers, not producers, they s