试论农业种植各因素在农业种植结构中的影响.doc

试论农业种植各因素在农业种植结构中的影响摘要：在现阶段下，土壤、肥料、植物营养、栽培等不合理运用产生了一系列的严重的生态环境问题。现代农业要寻求可持续发展的模式以及相关思路，要思考农业种植各因素在农业种植结构中的影响，要考虑到在农业种植结构中，农业种植各因素的有效利用要适应中国有机农业的新技术。要依靠科技，提高栽培农作物的单产量，奠定种植业的调整的物质基础。关键词：农业种植； 各因素； 结构； 影响 农业种植中，土壤、肥料、植物营养、栽培等各因素对植物的生长都有着不同程度的影响。那么，如何在学习总结中国传统农业精髓的基础上，加入现代科学的技术以及欧美发达管理思想的替代农业，是每一个农业种植者都应该认真思考的问题。1 在现阶段下，土壤、肥料、植物营养、栽培等不合理运用产生了一系列的严重的生态环境问题 在现阶段下，由于土壤使用不当，大量使用农药、化肥和除草剂等化学药品，导致了现代农业种植出现了一系列的农业生态问题。主要表现在：大量农药的使用导致土壤板结，而土壤板结导致植物营养不良；肥料的不恰当使用破坏了生态，污染了环境，使生物多样化锐减。这一切都导致农业生产成本进一步上升，而因此使农业种植的经济效益下降。在这种情况下，食品安全以及粮食安全受到了严重的威胁。2 现代农业要寻求可持续发展的模式以及相关思路现代农业的发展中，人们为了改造自然，甚至发展到与自然相对抗的地步。自然界的资源枯竭、生态环境被破坏，生物遭劫、环境进一步恶化，而用来进行现代农业的土壤、农业资源等也被进一步破坏。在这种情况下，现代农业就需要选择寻求可持续性发展的模式，努力发展中国有机农业。有机农业是选择无污染的生产环境，禁止使用有毒有害的肥料污染自然条件。农业种植不单单是施放有毒肥料才能使农作物生长迅速。中国的农业要实施全过程监控，使食品能够洁净生产，让百姓吃得放心。农业种植要在满足所需的生产条件下，充分发挥植物营养的因素，让农作物栽培能够在恢复土地生产力的状态下健康成长。农作物的栽培要能在抗御天气灾害，施放无毒有机肥的基础上，实现优质生产，使农作物好吃不减产。中国农业种植中，要倡导人类、自然的和谐共处，要能在注重土壤保健和植物保健技术的基础上，运用现代化的科学管理技术，施用有机肥，才能确保在不破坏生态环境的情况下，提高农业种植物的产量。在农业种植结构中，农业种植各因素在农业种植中的作用不同。农业种植者要能在依靠自然的恢复力量提高土壤的系统生产力，充分利用土壤、肥料、植物营养、栽培的使用技术充分调动土壤植物本身的潜能，并根据栽培的有效方法利用现代科学技术弥补土壤不足，在这个基础上，提高植物产量和优质性。在农业种植中，现代科学技术在传统农业的基础上解决了高产问题。3 在农业种植结构中，农业种植各因素的有效利用要适应中国有机农业的新技术现阶段的中国农业在大量使用化肥农药以来，虽说产量上去了，但是土壤却搞坏了。植物的营养需求对化肥和植物营养产生了重要依赖，不施化肥庄稼无法长好，而病虫草害没有农药也无法解决。在这种情况下，农业种植的投资越来越大，但是种植的产量却没有得到正增长。农产品品质越来越差，土壤的板结程度也越来越厉害。因此，农业种植要充分发挥各因素在种植结构中的作用，采用有益的新技术。3.1 采用土壤保健技术 现代农业要充分利用植物系统的生产潜力，投入有益的新技术物质提高土壤生产力，这就需要土壤保健技术。土壤保健技术可以不断优化土壤生物性质，使农业物生长需要的土壤调节机能进一步增大，对土壤高产创造优质土壤环境。土壤结构保健技术的核心是培育土壤有机无机胶体复合体，使板结的土壤形成水稳性土壤团粒结构。首先要尽量增加土壤的无机胶体，然后增加土壤的有机胶体，另外还需要施入连接有机、无机胶体形成复合体的搭桥物质。搭桥物质可首选含有两价阳离子的土壤调理剂。为了使以上各种物质得到接触、混合产生相互反应，最后形成土壤团粒结构，还要适当耕翻土壤。土壤的功能保健技术还需要改善土壤技能的动植物和各种有益的微生物，要想使土壤恢复最佳化，要能采用有益的物理化学处理技术。最后，还需要提高土壤的自我净化能力，抗逆能力、调节代谢能力等。3.2 农业植物中也需要采用植物保健技术 在农业种植中，农业种植者要能有效采用植物保健技术。在农作物的种植中，要能使用植物营养开启植物次生代谢途径，使农作物能够获取植物次生代谢所需的各种营养元素，可以抵御各种灾害，增强植物抗逆性，促进农作物优质高产。在给农作物施放植物所必要的营养元素以及农作物参加的植物生物化学的加氢、脱氢、供电子、受电子功能等一系列氧化还原反应中，要能确保释放的农作物植物营养元素能够确保植物新陈代谢正常进行。农作物只有拥有足够的植物免疫物质，才能防控病虫草害，产生丰富的产量、品质、风味物质，实现免除大部分化肥农药的高效、环保的绿色无污染的农作物生长环境。植物保健技术要能使植物能够开启次生代谢途径。除了大自然的途径之外，还可以采用传统的农艺技术措施，如生育期内的中耕、多次收割、育苗移栽、等技术措施的应用等。要想促使农作物的新陈代谢，必须供给农作物必要的营养元素。植物的营养的施放可以促进植物的生长，可以利用微生物豆科和非豆科固氮技术为作物供应有效氮。另外，除去有机化肥，还可以采用腐熟的优质有机肥为作物供应磷肥和部分钾肥以及各种中微量营养元素，来减少氮氧化合物对土壤、植物栽培等严重问题以及各种生态环境的影响。久而久之，不但可以使土壤板结还原成土壤团粒结构，还可以满足农作物对各种营养元素的需要。4 依靠科技，提高栽培农作物的单产量，奠定种植业的调整的物质基础4.1 采用良种良法配套，积极推进单产水平 先进的科学技术可以调整种植结构，从土壤、肥料、植物营养等方面调整种植结构。优质、低耗、高效的农业产业结构需要加强技术创新，从不同途径提高农产品市场竞争力。因此，要最大限度挖掘现有粮食作物的品种遗传潜力。要加强标准化生产，从整地、种植、植物营养、栽培形成配套，让农民看得见，学得来，用生产过程的标准化保证产品质量。同时，粮食标准化的实施需要专家到田间地头搞好技术培训。4.2提高农业抵御自然灾害的能力 要做好节水改造项目、灌区续建项目等处的建设，建成高产稳定农田。以农田建设为重点，提高农作物的保土保水保肥能力。同时，要能在提高土壤肥力的基础上，通过有机肥料，植物营养因素的施放提高农作物的生长环境。要加强农业基础设施的投入，充分利用国家提供的各种农业基础设施加强农业种植物抵御农业抵御自然灾害的能力。总之，农业种植各因素在农业种植结构中产生着不同程度的影响，在不同的土壤环境下，需要施放不同的肥料和植物营养素。只有栽培得当，才能保证高效高产的种植。参考文献1 孙松平. 农药精确施用机械智能决策支持系统研究D. 南京林业大学,2009(03):56-59.2 张福山. 植物保护对中国粮食生产安全影响的研究D. 福建农林大学,2007(07):135-138.Try to talk about agriculture in various factors influence of agricultural planting structure Pick to: in the present stage, the soil, fertilizer, plant nutrition, cultivation and other unreasonable use produced a series of serious ecological environment problems. Model for the sustainable development of modern agriculture to seek and related ideas, to think about agricultural factors influence in the agricultural planting structure, take into account in the agricultural planting structure, agricultural planting the effective use of various factors to adapt to Chinas new technology of organic agriculture. Single production to rely on science and technology, improve the cultivation of crops, planting adjust substance basis. Key words: agricultural planting; Various factors; Structure; impact Agricultural planting, soil, fertilizer, plant nutrition, cultivation and so on various factors on the growth of plants have different degrees of influence. How, then, on the basis of the study summarizes the essence of Chinese traditional agriculture, join the modern science and technology as well as the European and American advanced management thoughts of alternative agriculture, is each agricultural growers should think seriously about the problem. / / / / 1 at this stage, the soil, fertilizer, plant nutrition, cultivation and other unreasonable use produced a series of serious ecological environment problems At this stage, due to the improper use of soil, heavy use of pesticides, fertilizers and herbicides such as chemicals, led to a series of modern agriculture agricultural ecological problems. Mainly displays in: a large amount of pesticides used in compaction, the compaction result in plant nutrition; Inappropriate use of damaged ecological fertilizer, polluted the environment, biological diversity down sharply. All this lead to agricultural production costs rise further, and thus decrease the economic benefits of farming. In this case, the food safety and food security has received the serious threat. 2 model for the sustainable development of modern agriculture to seek and related ideas The development of modern agriculture, people in order to transform nature, even to the point of confrontation with nature. Natural resource depletion, ecological environment destruction, biological robbed, environment worsen, and used to carry out modern agricultural soils, agricultural resources, etc. Have also been further damage. In this case, the modern agriculture will need to select the mode of seeking sustainable development, efforts to develop organic agriculture in China. Organic agriculture is to choose the pollution-free production environment, to ban the use of poisonous and harmful fertilizer pollution in natural conditions. Agriculture is not just cast poisonous fertilizers to make crops grow quickly. Chinas agriculture should implement the whole process of monitoring, make food to clean production, let people eat at ease. Agriculture to meet the required production conditions, give full play to the factors of plant nutrition, let the crop cultivation to restore healthy growth under the condition of land productivity. Cultivation of crops to resist the weather disasters, cast non-toxic organic fertilizer, on the basis of realizing high quality production, reduce crop delicious not production. China agricultural planting, to advocate the harmonious coexistence of human and natural, to be in pay attention to soil health and plant health technology, on the basis of the use of modern scientific management technique, organic fertilizer, can ensure that in the case of does not destroy the ecological environment, improve agricultural output of the plant. In the agricultural planting structure, agricultural planting various factors in the role of agriculture is different. Agricultural growers need to be able to rely on natural recovery force improve soil ecosystem productivity, make full use of soil, fertilizer, plant nutrition, use of cultivation technology to fully mobilize the potential of soil plant itself, and use modern science and technology according to the cultivation of the effective methods to make up for a lack of soil, and on this basis, increase plant yield and quality. In agriculture, modern science and technology on the basis of traditional agriculture can solve the problem of high yield. 3 in the agricultural planting structure, agricultural planting the effective use of various factors to adapt to Chinas new technology of organic agriculture Since at this stage of Chinas agriculture in the extensive use of chemical fertilizers, while yields up, but the soil is screwed up. Requirements for fertilizer and plant nutrition in plants produced important dependence, not fertilizer crops cannot long good, Chinese caterpillar fungus and disease to harm without pesticides also cannot solve. In this case, the agricultural investment is more and more big, but planting production has not been positive. Agricultural products quality is worse and worse, the harden degree of soil is becoming more and more severe. Agriculture, therefore, to give full play to the various factors in the role of planting structure, adopt useful new technology. 3.1 the soil health care technology of modern agriculture to make full use of the productive potential of the plant system, material to improve soil productivity into useful new technology, which requires the soil health care technology. Soil health technology can optimize soil biological properties, make the agricultural growth needs further increase soil regulating function, creating a good soil environment for high yield of soil. Soil structure health care technology is the core of cultivating the soil organic and inorganic colloidal complex, make harden soil formation water stability of soil aggregate structure. Try to increase soil inorganic colloid first, and then increase soil organic colloid, you also need to give the connection bypass material of organic, inorganic colloid formation complex. Bypass material can be preferred contains two valence cation soil conditioner. Get contact to make the above all kinds of material, mixture of mutual reaction, and finally form the soil granular structure, but also appropriate ploughing up the soil. Soil function of health care technology also needs to improve the skills of plants and animals and a variety of beneficial microbes, to restore soil to optimization, to adopt the beneficial physical and chemical treatment technology. In the end, you also need to improve self purification capacity of soil, resilience, regulate metabolism, etc. 3.2 agricultural plants also need to use plant care technology in agriculture, agricultural growers need to be able to effectively adopt plant care technology. In crop cultivation, plant nutrients need to be able to use on plant secondary metabolic pathways, allows crops to obtain various nutrient elements needed by the plant secondary metabolism, can resist all kinds of disasters, enhance plant resistance, and promote high quality and high yield crops. For casting plants crops the necessary nutrition element and crops to plant biochemistry, hydrogenation, dehydrogenation, used for electron, the electronic function and a series of REDOX reaction, to ensure that the release of crop plant nutrition elements to ensure normal metabolism of plants. Crops only enough plant immune substances, disease prevention and control of Chinese caterpillar fungus, produce rich yield, quality and flavor substances, most implementation from chemical fertilizers pesticides of high efficiency, environmental protection of green pollution-free crop growth environment. Plant health care technology to enable plants to open secondary metabolic pathways. In addition to natures way, also can be used in a traditional agricultural technical measures, such as reproductive period of cultivating, harvesting, seedling transplanting, technology measures such as application, etc. Supply is a must to make the metabolism of crops, crop the necessary nutrient elements. Plant nutrition of casting can promote plant growth, can take advantage of microbial leguminous and non leguminous crops nitrogen fixation technique for effective nitrogen supply. In addition, the removal of organic fertilizer, also can use rotten supply of high quality organic fertilizer for the crop in the part phosphate and potash as well as a variety of trace nutrition elements, to reduce nitrogen oxides of serious problems such as soil, plant cultivation and the influence of all kinds of ecological environment. Over time, not only can make the soil harden back into the soil granular structure, can meet the needs of the crop for a variety of nutrition elements. Single output 4, relying on science and technology, improve the cultivation of crops, planting adjust substance basis 4.1 USES the good law, actively promote yield level to advanced science and technology can adjust the planting structure, from the soil, fertilizer and plant nutrition adjusting planting structure. High quality, low consumption, high efficiency of the agricultural industry structure need to strengthen technical innovation, improve the market competitiveness of agricultural products from different ways. Therefore, to dig the existing maximum the variety of food crops genetic potential. To strengthen standardization production, from the soil preparation, planting, plant nutrition, cultivation form, let farmers see, learn, with the standardization of production process to ensure product quality. At the same time, the standardization