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DesignofHighlyEfficientPt SnO2HydrogenationNanocatalystsusingPt SnCore ShellNanoparticles Characterization synthesis 1 2 Characterization XRD 01 TEM 02 XPS 03 TPO 04 DRIFT IR 05 XRDpatternsshowing a PtNPs b Pt SnNPs and c Pt SnO2NPsobtainedbycalcinationofPt SnNPsat500 for3h AsshowninFigure1b nearlypurePtdiffractionswereobservedandSndiffractionswereinvisibleforPt SnNPs TheclearPtandSnO2diffractionsforPt SnO2NPsinFigure1careconsistentwiththepresenceofSninthePt SnNPs althoughtheSndiffractionswerenotobservedinFigure1b XRDpatternsofindividualPt assynthesizedPt Sn andPt SnO2NPsobtainedbycalcinationofPt SnNPs TEMstudiesofPtNPs Pt SnNPs Pt Al2O3 andPtSnO2 Al2O3 SmallpercentagesofSn andPt2 areobservedforPt SnNPsandPt2 Pt4 areobservedforPt SnO2NPspresumablyduetotheexposureofNPstoair Thebindingenergiesat486 6 494 9eVinFigurebcanbeassignedto3d5 2 3d3 2ofSn4 whichisconsistentwiththeXPSdatabaseofSnO2andtheirXRDpatterns XPSspectrashowing a as synthesizedPt Snand b Pt SnO2 ThehigherSn PtratioforPt SnbyXPSisconsistentwithPt Sncore shellstructuresThePt oxidizedPtratioof27 68 72 32forPt SnO2indicatesthatmoresurfacePtatomsareoxidizedbycalcinationSn Ptratioof2 79 1 00byXPSsuggestsheteroaggregatenanostructureswithadistributionofSnO2onPtsurfaces TPOstudyofPt Sn Al2O3 furthercon rmsthecompleteoxidationofSnofPt Snbelow300 DRIFT IRspectrawithCOprobes OnlyCObandsonPtareobserved sinceCOisnotadsorbedontin linearCOonPtstepandkinksites thesurfacesmainlyconsistofSnandthemajorityofPtisinthecores linearCOonPtstepandkinksites linearCOonPtterracesites CatalyticPerformance Pt SnO2 Al2O3withaPt Snratioof1 1hasthehighestcatalyticactivityandexcellentcatalyticselectivity CatalyticPerformance Pt SnO2 Al2O3nanocatalystshadhigheractivityandselectivitythanPt Al2O3nanocatalysts withtheexceptionthattheselectivityofcatalyticm CNBhydrogenationoverPt SnO2 Al2O3islowerthanthatoverPt Al2O3 CatalyticPerformance Pt SnO2 Al2O3nanocatalystshadhigheractivitythanPt Al2O3nanocatalysts whiletheselectivitiesoverPt SnO2 Al2O3andPt Al2O3arethesame 100 CatalyticPerformance thecatalyticactivitiesandselectivitiesforhydrogenationofnitrobenzaldehydeandnitroacetophenoneoverPt SnO2 Al2O3arehigherthanthoseoverPt Al2O3exceptthatthecatalyticactivitiesforp NAPhydrogenationoverPt SnO2 Al2O3andPt Al2O3arethesame 100 CatalyticStabilityofPt SnO2 Al2O3 Withinthe rst vecycles thecatalyticactivityofPt SnO2 Al2O3wasstable andthecatalyticselectivityslightlyincreased suggestingagoodstructuralstabilityofPt SnO2heteroaggregatenanocatalysts theoreticalcalculations usingDET thepartialcoverageofPt 111 surfaceswithSnO2slightlypromotestheHadsorptiononPt 111 surfaces thePt SnO2nanostructurescanslightlyfacilitatetheadsorptionofo CNB thecooperativePt SnO2interactioncandesorptproductseasier resultinginmorecatalyticsurfacebeingavailableandafastreactionratetheenhancedcatalyticperformanceofPt SnO2 Al2O3nanocatalystsoriginatesfromthecooperativeinteractionbetweenPtandSnO2insidetheheteroaggregatenanostructures Conclusion 1 DRIFT IRwithCOprobes HRTEM andXPSstudiescon rmedPt SnO2heteroaggregatenanostructures whereSnO2partiallycoveredthePtnanoparticlesurface 2 IncomparisontothecontrolPtnanocatalysts thePt SnO2nanocatalystsexhibitedhighercatalyticactivityan
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