高考英语词汇(相似、同义、近义)词突破.doc

高考英语词汇（相似、同义、近义）词突破精选练习（一）1. We cant _ one to change the habits of a lifetime in a short time. A. hope B. wait C. expect D. imagineexpect期望，盼望，表示认为有很大的客观可能性，例如：I expect the work to be finished by Friday.（我期望这项工作能在星期五前做完。）wait for . to do sth.等待、等待.做.，强调“等”这一动词的本身，如：The audience are waiting eagerly for the performance to begin.(观众正等着演出开始。)本题如改为这样：I waited for him to arrive in time for dinner, but he didnt come.(我等他来赶上晚餐，但他没有来。)由此可见，expect是表示“期待”，而wait for 是表示“等待”，词义完全不同。注意hope后不能接sb. to do sth. imagine being on the moon. 例如：Im sorry, but I cant imagine anyone doing research like that.本题译文：我们不能期望一个人在这样短的时间内改变一辈子养成的习惯。2. The noise was so _ that only those with excellent hearing were aware of it. A. dim B. soft C. faint D. gentlefaint(=weak, indistinct; not clear)“微弱的，模糊的，不清楚的”。Dim(=not bright, not clearly to be seen)不亮的，看不清的；the dim light of a candle(微弱的烛光)。3. His landlady gave him a weeks _ to leave the flat. A. threat B. notice C. advice D. cautionnotice预先通知（尤用雇主、雇员或房东、房客之间）：give ones employee a months notice (通知雇员一个月后离职)。本题译文：他的女房东通知他一周后从套间搬走。4. Even if they are on sale, these refrigerators are equal in price to, if not more expensive than, _ at the other store. A. anyone B. the others C. that D. the ones代词one可以用来替代前面提到过的名词，以避免重复。如果它替代的名词是复数，则用ones。本题中它代替refrigerators；因特指，故用the ones.5. When I took his temperature, it was two degrees above _. A. average B. ordinary C. regular D. normalnormal正常的；ordinary普通的；average平均的；regular有规律的，定期的。6. It is clear that the whole world is passing through a social revolution in which a central _ must be taken by scientists and technologists. A. process B. attention C. measure D. parttake part in参加。本题译文：显然，整个世界正经历着一场社会革命；科学家和技术人员必定是这场革命地主要参加者。7. These plastic flowers look so _ that many people think they are real. A. beautiful B. natural C. artificial D. similar8. When I worked as the general manager of the firm, I sometimes had _ to visit London on business. A. opportunity B. possibility C. occasion D. chanceoccasion 作可数名词时，意为“时机”，作不可数名词时，意为“必要”，本题中occasion意为“必要”。从句语法结构上看，本句中用opportunity(难得的)机会，chance（偶然的）机会均可，但按逻辑意思，应用occasion.9. The most important _ of his speech was that we should all work whole-heartedly for the people. A. element B. spot C. sense D. pointpoint (=chief idea of sth. said, done, or planned)要点；论点，主旨：I dont see your point.(我不明白你的意思。)He said nothing to the point.(他说的不切题。)10. It has always been the _ of our firm to encourage workers to take part in social activities. A. plan B. campaign C. procedure D. policypolicy(尤指政党、政府、大企业、商行等的)政策，方针。campaign(政治或竞选的)运动；（军事的）行动，procedure做事的手续、程序，plan计划，均不合题意。本题译文：本公司的一贯方针是鼓励工人参加社会活动。11. I remember her face but I cannot _ where I met her. A. recall B. remind C. remember D. remarkrecall(=bring back to the mind)想起，回忆起：But I really cant recall your name at his moment.remind sb. of .使.想起：1)The photo reminds me of my late father.(这张照片使我想起已故的父亲。) 2) The sight of the clock reminded me that I was late.remind sb. to sth.提醒.做.；Please remind me to write the letter.12. He has left his book here on _, so that you can read it. A. purpose B. intention C. aim D. meaning on purpose是介词习语，意为“故意地”。如用intention,则应说by intention故意地。13. The open university was started in order to help those who _ having a university education when they were young. A. stopped B. failed C. missed D. ceasedmiss doing sth.没有做某事：I missed seeing the film when it was shown at school.(学校放映那部电影时，我没有能去看。)14. We wont know whether it will be successful. We wont know whether there will be good _. A. ends B. results C. effects D. causesresult意为“由某种活动或某种原因所产生的结果”，如：obtain(=get, attain, gain win, secure)good results（取得好结果），publish the results（公布成绩）。15. Comrade Li Dazhao, _ librarian of Beijing University, was one of the founders of the Chinese Communist Party. A. sometimes B. sometime C. some time D. some timessometime(=former)过去的，以前的：Alice Brown, a sometime pupil of our school, is now a teacher there.16. The patients believe that the doctor knows exactly how to put them _. A. correct B. perfect C. right D. wellput sth. /sb. right 纠正；治好，使恢复健康：Since man has done so much damage, it is up to man to put the matters right. (既然人类已造成了如此巨大的损害，人类有责任纠正这种状况。)又如：This medicine will soon put you right. (这药很快会使你恢复健康。)其他3个选择均不能与put 构成习语，故不能入选。本题译文：病人相信医生清楚地知道怎样治好他的病。17. And you find that youre not to be _ with a position of real responsibility. A. offered B. trusted C. furnished D. retainedtrust sb. with sth. 把某事托付给某人 trust sth to sb ：I cant trust him with my car.(我不能把我的车托付给他。)本题译文：你认为不会把真正有责任的工作托付给你。18. She got married although her parents had not given her their _. A. allowance B. consent C. permit D. appreciationconsent n. 同意，赞成；consent (to) vi.同意，如：consent to a plan(同意一项计划)。allowance津贴。permit执照，许可证 permission n 允许。19. At first Bob was puzzled by Virginia s waving, but then it _ his mind that she was trying to tell him something. A. crossed B. passed C. occurred D. openedcross (enter)ones mind 想起：1)A sudden thought crossed my mind. 2)It never crossed my mind that he might refuse the request. (我从来没有想到他可能会拒绝这个请求。)如用pass through, 例如：When Jane did not come home by midnight, many terrible fears passed through Mothers mind. (=Mother thought of many things that might have happened to Jane.)occur的用法如下：1）That view of the case did not occur to me before. (对这个案件的那种看法以前我没有想到过。)2）It occurred to her that she might adopt a homeless child.(她想到，她可以收养一个无家可归的孩子。)关于想起的以上三种表达法考生务必弄懂熟记。这些词组和句形不仅在词汇测试中经常遇到，而且在短文写作时也可以使用。本题译文：起初鲍玻对弗吉尼亚的挥手致意感到迷惑，但后来他想到，她想告诉他某事。20. When college students _ future employment, they often think of status, income, and prestige. A. demand B. assume C. apply D. anticipate anticipate vt预料，期望，预望：The first question is one the John has anticipated. (第一个问题是约翰已经预料到的.)anticipate +n/anticipate that; anticipate doing sth; I anticipated seeing you soon.21. Alice _ her father that both she and her husband would be happy if he would live with them. A. convinced B. reinforced C. pledged D. required convince sb. +that从句意为使相信，说服。convince sb of sth; I tried to convince them of his innocence. convince sb to do sth; We convinced him to go by car.convinced adj Be convinced of/that; I am convinced of his guilt./I am convinced that he is guilty. convincing adj令人信服的reinforce 加强，增强。pledge发誓，保证.22. I caught a _ of the car before it disappeared around the bend. A. glance B. glimpse C. glare D. starecatch (or get) a glimpse of瞥见(强调行为的结果) I caught a glimpse of her in the crowd. 我在人群中瞥见了他。take a glance (or look) at看一眼(强调行为过程本身)。Take a glance at the Tv programs 瞄一下电视节目23. The car salesman took the customer for a driver in the new model in order to _ its improved features. A. advocate B. demonstrate C. exhibit D. revealdemonstrate(=show clearly by giving proof or example)以实物说明，示范，展示 The salesman demonstrated the new personal computer. advocate拥护,提倡。exhibit展览,陈列。reveal揭示,暴露。24. After dinner the minister made a short _ to the guests. A. delivery B. pronunciation C. conversation D. speechmake a speech to sb.(向某人做演讲)。make conversation with sb.(和某人闲谈conversation常与下列动词搭配:get (enter) into conversation with(和.攀谈起来),have a conversation with(与.谈话),interr upt (break off) conversation(中断谈话),turn the conversation to other matters(把话题转到其他问题上)delivery常指(演讲等的)说话方式,口才,如: His report was good, but his delivery was poor.( 他的报告内容很好,但他的口才太差)。25. The old man got into the _ of storing money under the bed. A. tradition B. habit C. use D. custom get into the habit of doing sth.意为养成了做.的习惯。habit指个人的习惯,而custom则指社会的风俗习惯。tradition传统26. One-room schoolhouses can still be found in _ areas where there are no other schools for many miles. A. disposed B. deserted C. isolated D. abandonedisolated 孤立的。Deserted被遗弃的；空无一人的a deserted house 空无一人的房屋；abandoned丢弃的，如；abandoned cars(因报废而丢弃的汽车)。Dispose of sth. 处理掉某物：He disposed of his old car .（他把旧的汽车处理掉了。）意为卖掉或扔掉等。27. Its bad _ for a man to smoke in the public places where smoking is not allowed. A. behaviorB. actionC. mannerD. movementbehavior意思为举止，行为；action 动作；manner方式； movement 运动，行动。答案A。28. Before the final examination, many students have shown _ of tension. Some have trouble in sleeping while others have lost their appetite. A. anxietyB. marksC. signsD. remarksanxiety与 tension 同义，意思为紧张；mark记号，痕迹； sign迹象，现象，标记； remark评论。根据句意，应为show signs of tension表现出紧张的样子。答案C。29. When you do exercises, your heart works better. It is able to_ more blood while beating more slowly. A. produceB. pumpC. increaseD. bumppump“泵入更多的血”。produce“产生”；increase“增加”；bump“碰，撞”。30.Yang Yang carried off the first winter Olympic _ medal for China.Great! What _ she won for our motherland! A. golden; honourB. gold; honorC. golden; honorsD. gold; honors根据句意可以知道，第一空金牌意思为含金之物，应用gold作定语，而golden 为比喻性形容词，意思为金色的。例如golden rice金黄色的稻子；第二空 honor 在此意思为荣誉，光荣，是不可 数名词。31. The problem is not _ so easy as you think. Its far from being settled. A. hardlyB. almostC. nearlyD. scarcelyhardly和scarcely 意思均为几乎不，与题干中的not 构成双重否定，不符合句子意思；almost与not连用时，almost 常置于not前面，意思为几乎不；只有 not nearly为正确结构，意思为相差很远。32. Ill_ him off this time but next time hell be punished. A. leave B. let C. put D. setlet off 饶恕。 Set off 出发、动身; leave off 停止、不再穿；put off 推迟。33. Who on earth could it be? It was _ other than Peter. A. none B. nothing C. not D. nobodynone other than （表示惊讶）不是别人，不是别的；就是，正是 Its none other than Tom! We thought you were in Africa! 是汤姆！我们以为你还在非洲！34. In the of proof , the police could not take action against the man .Alack Bshortage Cabsence Dfailure in the absence of 缺少 shortage 缺乏, 无此搭配。In the developed countries, theres a great shortage of labour / work force. 发达国家劳动力非常缺乏。35. He proved himself a true gentleman and the beauty of his _ was seen at its best when he worked with others.A. temperB. appearanceC. talentD. characterthe beauty of his character人格的魅力36. Nowadays sending e-mails to each other is a way many a student _ what they think. A. conveys B. delivers C. express D. accountconvey 表达Words cant convey my feelings.言语无法表达我的心情.37. How do you to her unkindly behavior?Only silence.Which of the following is wrong?AreactBanswerCreplyDrespondreact/ reply/ respond to sb./ sth. answer sb./ sth.38. Some friends tried to settle the quarrel between Mr. and Mrs. Brown without hurting the feeling of , but failed.Anone Beither Cboth Dneither either指两者中的任何一个. 不愿意伤害他们两个当中的任何一个。39. Does this car give you good _for your money ? A. value B. price C. worth D. costgood value for money 值得花那么多的钱40. Where Chongqing do you decide to build the factory ? Nobody our manager knows .Aexcept; besides Bbut; besides Cbut ; but Dexcept; besides but表示除外。主要和疑问副词、不定代词连用。除了重庆以外，你们公司将在什么地方建工厂？除了经理没人知道。 41. It seemed that Ivy was in no_ this evening to listen to my jokes. A. mindB. moodC. feelingD. emotionbe in no mood to do sth“没有做某事的心情”。42. Sensible people dont think it is_ to buy things which are not needed even at a low price. A. worthB. worthyC. worthlessD. worthwhileIt is worthwhile to do sth“值得做某事”。it is worth doing sthit is worthy to be doneIt is worthy of being done43. When you arrive at the hotel, youll_ notice the friendly staff, who will make your holiday a wonderful dream. A. sensitivelyB. scarcelyC. immediately D. obviouslyimmediately“立即”; sensitively“敏感地”；scarcely“几乎不，将近”；obviously“明显地”。44. As they havent a child of their own, theyre going to _ a little girl. A. acceptB. receiveC. adaptD. adoptadopt“领养”; accept“接受”；receive“收到”；adapt“适应”。45. After careful research, it was decided that the spaceship should reenter the Earths_. A. surfaceB. airC. environmentD. atmosphereadmosphere“大气”; surface“表面”；air“空气”；environment“环境”。46. David paused to consult his notes, then_ with his speech. A. proceededB. pursedC. pronouncedD. proposedproceed“继续进行”，为不及物动词，常和介词with连用; purse “追逐，继续，从事”，为及物动词，后不能接介词；pronounce“发音”；propose“提议，建议”。47. That way of living is_ to people in this small part of the country. A. specificB. availableC. peculiarD. particularbe peculiar to“特有的”，为固定词组。本句句意为：那种生活方式是这个国家那一小部分的人们所特有的。48. The headmaster is to give a formal_ at the annual ceremony. A. addressB. argumentC. debateD. remarkaddress“演讲”; argument “争论”；debate “辩论”；remark “话语，评论”。49. He had a talent for music and was_ conductor of Shanghai Symphony Orchestra at the age of 30. A. assignedB. appointedC. namedD. honoredappoint“任命”; assign “布置”；name “命名”；honor“给荣誉”。50. Psychologists say that_ our emotions will make us feel better and there is nothing to be ashamed of. A. relievingB. relaxingC. releasingD. removingreleasing“释放”; relieve “减轻”；relax “放松”；remove “清除”。51. After many years waiting, Chinese people_ realized their dream to hold the Olympic Games. A. constantlyB. eventuallyC. lastlyD. generallyeventually “最终地”; constantly “经常地”；lastly “最后地”; generally “通常地”。52. Such noble deeds of the doctors and nurses cant be only_ with money. A. rewardedB. awardedC. praisedD. valuedreward “回报”，常用于reward sb.with sth.结构; award “授予(奖品等)”，常用于award sb. sth;praise “表扬”；value “评价，重视”。53. Shanghai is so full of_, it seems as if things never stop. A. strengthB. spiritC. forceD. energyenergy “精力，活力”; strength “力气”；spirit “精神”；force “力量，武力”。54. My knowledge of Hong Kong came only from some movies: a_ of criminals are pursued by the police in the narrow streets and then they have a fight. A. groupB. teamC. classD. ganggang “一伙”; group “组”；team “队”；class “种类，等级”。55. When we finally arrived, a lady gave us a _ introduction of the university. A. clearB. briefC. mainD. abstractbrief “简要的”; clear “清晰的”；main “主要的”；abstract “抽象的”。56. A(n)_ is a person who understand peoples characters. A. photographerB. psychologistC. physicianD. physicistpsychologist “心理学家”。; photographer “摄影师”；physician “内科医生”；physicist “物理学家”。57. If you build a house with good_ , it will last long. A. foundationB. floorC. basisD. groundfoundation “基础”，此处指地下的基础; floor “地板，楼层”；basis “基础，根据”，主要用于比喻方面，具有抽象意义；ground “地面”。58. Although I had read the book assigned by the professor several times, it didnt make any_ to me. A. meaningB. importanceC. senseD. significancemake sense“有意义”。句意为：虽然我把教授布置的书读了好几遍，但是我仍看不懂它。59.Burning all the lights in the classroom will be a great_ on electric power. A. wasteB. lackC. drainD. damagedrain “消耗”，常与介词on连用; waste “浪费”，为不可数名词；lack “缺少”；damage “损坏，损害”。60. As civilization_, more and more people have realized the importance of preserving rare animals from extinction. A. stretchesB. spreadsC. extendsD. expandsspread “传播，扩散”; stretch “伸展”；extend “延长”；expand “膨胀，扩大”。精选练习（二）1. In this factory, suggestions often have to wait for months before they are fully _. A. admitted B. acknowledged C. absorbed D. considered considered 考虑; admit 承认; absorb 吸收。 注意acknowledge 1) (=agree or admit the truth of; confess) 承认, 供认; A. He acknowledged his mistake. (他承认了他的错误。) B. 接动名词 He acknowledged having been beaten. (他承认被打败了。) 2) (express thanks for) 致谢; A. Mary acknowledged the gift with a pleasant letter. (玛丽致函感谢馈赠的礼物。) B. His long service with the company was acknowledged with a present. (向他赠送礼品以感谢他长期来对公司的服务。)2. American women were _ the right to vote until 1920 after many years of hard struggle. A. ignored B. refused C. neglected D. denieddeny 1)否认： A. He didnt deny the facts. B. They couldnt deny that it was a serious blow to them. C. He denied having ever there.(他否认曾到过那里。) 2)(=say no to a request; refuse to give sth. asked for or needed)不给予；Lots of people were denied the right to vote.(许多人被剥夺了选举权。)He denies his wife nothing.(他对他的妻子有求必应。)3. The lost car of the Lees was found _ in the woods off the highway. A. vanished B. abandoned C. scattered D. rejectedabandoned (=give up completely) 放弃, 抛弃; 1) The scientist abandoned his research for lack of fund. 2) The sailors abandoned the burning ship.注意abandon 暗指某人对其所抛弃的人或物将会发生什么事情不感兴趣, 如把撞坏的汽车抛弃在路旁。vanish (=suddenly disappear; go out of existence) vi.消失, 绝迹; 1) The airplane vanished into the clouds.2) Many kinds of animals have vanished form the earth. (许多种类的动物以在地球上绝迹。) scatter (=send, go in different direction) 驱使, 使分散; The police scattered the crowed. (警察驱散人群。) (=throw or put in various directions) 撒, 到处放; He scattered his clothes all over the room. reject (=refuse to accept) 拒绝接受; She rejected my suggestion.4. Henrys news report covering the conference was so _ that nothing had been omitted. A. understanding B. comprehensible C. comprehensive D. understandablecomprehensive 完全的无所不包的; comprehensible 能懂的, 可以理解的; understandable 可以理解的, 主要用来指人的行为。understanding 用来指人时, 表示善于理解别人或别人问题的 (人) 。注意下面的搭配：a comprehensive map (街区详图) ; a comprehensibl