美国文学复习资料.doc

Unit3RalphWaldoEmerson拉尔夫-华尔多-爱默生作品1论自然Nature2论美国学者TheAmericanScholar3神学院致辞TheDivinitySchoolAddress4论文集Essays:FirstSeries5论文集：第二辑Essays:SecondSeries6人类代表RepresentativeMen7人生的行为TheConductofLife8英国特征EnglishTraits9诗集Poems10五月节May-DayandotherPiecesUnit4NathanielHawthorne纳撒尼尔-霍桑作品1范肖Fanshawe2故事重述Twice-ToldTales3古宅青苔MossesfromanOldManse4红字TheScarletLetter主人公：白兰（HesterPrynne）齐里沃斯（Chillingworth）狄姆斯台尔（Dimmesdale）5带有七个尖角阁的房子TheHouseoftheSevenGables6福谷传奇TheBlithedaleRomance7玉石雕像TheMarbleFaunUnit5HermanMelville赫尔曼-梅尔维尔作品1泰比Typee2欧穆Omoo3玛地Mardi4雷德本Redburn5白外衣WhiteJacket6白鲸MobyDick主人公：以实玛利（Ishmael）埃哈伯（Ahab）白鲸（MobyDick）7骗子的化妆表演TheConfidenceMan8战士集BattlePieces9克拉瑞尔Clarel10约翰-玛尔和其他水手JohnMarrandOtherSailors11梯摩里昂Timoleon12毕利-伯德BillyBuddUnit7一、EdgarAllanPoe埃德加-爱伦-坡作品1安娜贝尔-李AnnabelLee2乌鸦TheRaven3十四行诗致科学Sonnet-ToScience4致海伦ToHelen二、WaltWhitman沃尔特-惠特曼1草叶集LeavesofGrass2我歌唱自我OnesSelfSing3噢，船长！我的船长！OCaptain!MyCaptain!Unit8MarkTwain马克-吐温原名：萨缪尔-朗荷恩-克莱门SamuelLanghorneClemens作品1卡拉维拉县驰名的跳蛙TheCelebratedJumpingFrogofCalaverasCounty2傻瓜出国记TheInnocentsAbroad3镀金时代TheGildedAge4汤姆-索耶历险记TheAdventuresofTomSawyer5密西西比河上LifeontheMississippi6哈克贝里-费恩历险记TheAdventuresofHuckleberryFinn7亚瑟王朝廷上的康涅狄格州美国佬AConnecticutYankeeinKingArthursCourt8傻瓜威尔逊TheTragedyofPudd nheadWilson9败坏了哈德莱堡的人TheManThatCorruptedHadleyburgUnit9HenryJames亨利-詹姆斯1热衷游历的人APassionatePilgrim2罗德里克-赫德森RoderickHudson3亨利-詹姆斯小说、故事集TheNovelsandTalesofHenryJames4一个美国人TheAmerican5黛西-密勒DaisyMiller6一个女士的画像ThePortraitofaLady7波士顿人TheBostonians8卡萨玛西玛公主ThePrincessofCasamassima9波音敦的珍藏品TheSpoilsofPoynton10螺丝在拧紧TheTurnoftheScrew11未成熟的少年时代TheAwkwardAge12鸽翼TheWingsoftheDove13专使TheAmbassadors14金碗TheGoldenBowl15小说的艺术TheArtofFictionUnit10StephenCrane作品1街头女郎麦姬Maggie:AGirloftheStreets2红色英雄勋章TheRedBadgeofCourage3海上扁舟TheOpenBoat4新娘来到黄天镇TheBrideComestoYellowSky5蓝色旅店TheBlueHotelUnit14F. ScottFitzgerald弗-斯科特-菲茨杰拉德作品1人间天堂ThisSideofParadise2漂亮的冤家3姑娘们与哲学家TheBeautifulandtheDamned4爵士乐时代的故事TalesoftheJazzAge5了不起的盖茨比TheGreatGatsby主人公：盖茨比(JayGatzby)黛西(Daisy)汤姆(Tom)故事叙述人：NickCarraway6夜色温柔TenderistheNight7崩溃TheCrack-UpUnit15WilliamFaulkner威廉-福克纳作品1大理石牧神TheMarbleFaun2士兵的报酬SoldiersPay3蚊群Mosquitoes4喧嚣与骚动TheSoundandtheFury5我弥留之际AsILayDying6八月之光LightinAugust7押沙龙，押沙龙！Absalom，Absalom!8沙多里斯Sartoris9村子TheHamlet10小镇TheTown11大宅TheMansion12烧牲口棚BarnBurning主人公：阿伯纳（Abner）萨蒂（Sarty）哈里斯（Harris）Unit16ErnestHemingway厄内斯特-海明威作品1在我们的时代里InOurTime2太阳照样升起TheSunAlsoRises3永别了，武器AFarewelltoArms主人公：亨利Henry4丧钟为谁而鸣ForWhomtheBellTolls5老人与海TheOldManandtheSea6AClean，Well-LightedPlaceUnit17EzraPound埃兹拉-庞德1狂喜Exultations2人物Personae3中国Cathay4诗章Cantos5意象派诗选DesImagistes6在一个地铁车站InaStationoftheMertoWallaceStevens华莱士-斯蒂文斯1必要的天使TheNecessaryAngel2坛子的轶事AnecdoteoftheJar Unit18EugeneGlastoneONeil尤金-格拉斯通-奥尼尔1东航加的夫BoundEastforCardiff2在这一带IntheZone3漫长的返航TheLongVoyageHome4加勒比的月亮TheMoonoftheCaribees5琼斯皇帝EmperorJones6毛猿TheHairyApe7大神布朗TheGreatGodBrown8奇异的插曲StrangeInterlude9榆树下的欲望DesireUndertheElms10悲悼MourningBecomesElectra11送冰的人来了TheIcemanCometh12诗人的气质ATouchofthePoet13长日终入夜LongDaysJourneyIntoNight14月照不幸人TheMoonfortheMisbegotten15休依Hughie16更庄严的大厦MoreStatelyMansionsUnit21RalphWaldoEllison拉尔夫-华尔多-埃利森作品1看不见的人InvisibleMan2影子与行动ShadowandAct3走向领域GoingtotheTerritory Unit24SaulBellow索尔-贝娄1晃来晃去的人DanglingMan2受害者TheVictim3奥吉-玛琪历险记TheAdventuresofAugieMarch4只争朝夕SeizetheDay5雨王汉德森HendersontheRainKing6赫尔索格Herzog7塞姆勒先生的行星MrSammlersPlanet8洪堡的礼物HumboltsGift9院长的十二月TheDeansDecember10更多人死于悲痛MoreDieofHeartbreak11盗窃TheTheft12真实的TheActual13拉维尔斯坦Ravelstein14奥斯比的回忆及其其他故事MosbysMemoriesandOtherStories15最后的分析TheLastAnalysisUnit25JosephHeller约瑟夫-海勒1第二十二条军规Catch-222我们轰炸了纽黑文WeBombedinNewHaven3出了毛病SomethingHappened4像高尔德那样好GoodAsGold5天晓得GodKnowsUnit26ToniMorrison托尼-莫里森1在黑暗中游戏：白色与文学想象PlayingintheDark:WhitenessandtheLiteraryImagination2最蓝的眼睛TheBluestEye3秀拉Sula4所罗门之歌SongofSolomon5柏油孩子TarBaby6宠儿Beloved7爵士乐Jazz8天堂Paradise9爱Love.Complete the following statements with a proper word or a phrase according to the textbook.1. The arbiter of nineteenth-century literary realism in America was _ ( William Dean Howells )2. _had already pointed towards Mark Twains uneasy acceptance of the values of nineteen-century American society.( The Gilded Age)3. _ (1878) which one American critic described as “an outrage to American girlhood” brought James his first international fame.( Dassy Miller)4. _(1900), which traces the material rise of Carrie Meeber and the tragic decline of G.W.Hurstwood, was Dreisers first novel.( Sister Carrie)5. In the years preceding World War I, nineteenth-century realism and _remained vital forces in American Literature. ( naturalism)6. Writers of the first postwar era self-consciously acknowledged that they were a “_”, devoid of faith and alienated from a civilization.( Lost Generation)7. Early in the 1920s the most prominent of the new American playwrights, _established an international reputation.( Eugene ONeil)8. Jazz music of the American _- the most influential art form to originate in the United States-spread throughout the world.( Negro)9. In London, Frosts first book, _, brought him to the attention of influential critics(A Boys Will)10. Frost employed the plain speech of rural _and preferred the short, traditional forms of lyric and narrative.( New Englanders)11. In his finest novels, The Great Gatsby and_, Fitzgerald had revealed the stridency of an age of glittering innocence.( Tender is the Night)12. _was the first American to be wounded in Italy during World War I.( Hemingway)13. A Farewell to Arms portrayed a farewell both to _and to _ (war; love)14. In 1952, Hemingway portrayed an old fisherman_ in The Old Man and the Sea.( Santiago)15. The only Faulkner novel that had come close to being a best seller in its day was_, a book more famous for its shock value than for its literary quality.( Sanctuary)16. *Oxford was with some fictional modifications, a prototype of Jefferson, in the mythical county of Yoknapatawpha, the setting of _and most of Faulkners subsequent works.( Sartoris)17. Emerson was recognized throughout his life as the leader of_ movement, yet he never applied the term to himself or to his beliefs and ideas.( Transcendentalist)18. Emersons truest disciple, the man who put into practice many of Emersons theories, was_.( H.D Thoreau)19. _deals with the effects of a curse, and though the tale itself is fiction, the germ of the story sprang from the authors family history.( The House of the Seven Gables )20. Hawthornes unique gift was for the creation of strongly _stories which touch the deepest roots of mans moral nature. The finest example is the recreation of Puritan Boston, _.( symbolic; The scarlet letter)21. _ is a tremendous chronicle of a whaling voyage in pursuit of a seemingly supernatural white whale. (Moby-Dick)22. As we have seen, _dominated the Puritan phase of American writing . _was the next great subject to command the attention of the best minds.( theology; Politics)23. From 1732 to 1758 , Franklin wrote and published his famous_, an annual collection of proverbs(Poor Richards Almanac)24. In 1828 the election of the frontier hero _as the seventh President of the United States had brought an effective end to the “Virginia Dynasty” of American Presidents .( Andrew Jackson)25. Washington Irvings _became the first work by an American writer to win financial success on both sides of the Atlantic .( Skwtch Book )26. _was the first great prose stylist of American romanticism , and his familiar style was destined to outlive the formal prose of such contemporaries as Acott and Cooper ,and to provide a model for the prevailing prose narrative for the future .( Washington Irving)II. Define the literary terms listed below.1. *American Naturalism American naturalism was a new and harsher realism. It had been shaped by the war and by the social upheavals that undermined the comforting faith of an earlier age. Americas literary naturalists dismissed the validity of comforting moral truths. They attempted to achieve extreme objectivity and frankness, presenting characters of low social and economic classes. In presenting the extremes of life, the naturalists sometimes displayed an affinity to the sensationalism of early romanticism, but the naturalists emphasized that the world was amoral, that men and women had no free will, that lives were controlled by heredity and environment, that the destiny of humanity was misery in life and oblivion in death. Although naturalist literature described the world with brutal realism, it also aimed at bettering the world through social reform.2. *Local Colorism Local Colorism or Regionalism as a trend first exist in the late 1860s and early 1870s in America. It may be defined as the careful attegogoms in speech, dress or behavior especially in a geographical locality. The ultimate aim of the local colorists is to create the illusion of an indigenous little world with qualities which tells it apart from the world outside. The social and intellectual climate of the country provided a stimulating milieu for the growth of local color fiction in America. Local colorists concerned themselves with presenting and interpreting the local character of their regions. They tended to idealize and glorify, but they never forgot to keep an eye on the truthful color of local life. They formed an important part of the realistic movement. Although it lost its momentum toward the end of the 19th century, the local spirit continued to inspire and fertilize the imagination of author.3. *Lost GenerationLost Generation or the Sad Young Men, which was created by F.S. Fitzgerald in his book All the Sad Young Men. It refers to the post-World War I generation, but a group of US writers who experienced the war established their reputation in the 1920s. It stems from a remark made by Gertrude Stein to Ernest Hemingway, “You are all a lost generation.” Hemingway used it as an epigraph to The Sun Also Rises, a novel that expressed the attitudes of a hard-drinking, fast living set of disillusioned young expatriates in postwar Paris. The generation was “lost” in the sense and its inherited values were no longer relevant in the postwar world and because of its spiritual alienation from US, they seemed hopelessly provincial, materialistic, and emotionally barren. The term includes Hemingway, Fitzgerald, Dos Passos, E.E. Cummings and so on.4. *ImagismImagism is a poetic movement of England and the U.S. flourished from 1909 to 1917.The movement insists on the creation of images in poetry by “the direct treatment of the thing” and the economy of wording. The leaders of this movement were Ezra Pound and Amy Lowell.5. *Hemingway Heroes“Hemingway Heroes “refer to some protagonists in Hemingways works. Such a hero is an average man of masculine tastes, sensitive and intelligent .And usually he is a man of action and of few words .He is such an individualist, alone even when with other people, somewhat an outsider, keeping emotions under control, stoic and self-disciplined in a dreadful place where one can not get happiness .The Hemingway heroes stand for a whole generation. It must end in defeat, no matter how hard he strives. This is the essence of a code of honor in which all of Hemingways heroes believe ,whether he is Nick Adams, Jake Barnes, Frederic Henry .But surely they differ some from others in their view of the world .The difference which comes gradually in view is an index to the subtle change which Hemingways outlook has undergone.6. *The Jazz AgeWorld War1 was a tragic failure of old values, of old politics, of old ideas .The social mood was often one of confusion and despair. But during the 1920s American did not seem desperate, Instead, they entered a decade of prosperity and exhibitionism that prohibition, the legal ban against alcoholic beverages more to encourage than to curb. Fashions were extravagant; more land more automobiles crowded the roads, advertising flourished, and nearly every American home had a radio in it .Fads swept the nation. This was the Jazz Age, when New Orleans musicians moved “up the river” to Chicago, and the theatre of New Yorks Harlem pulsed with the music that had become a symbol of the times . The roaring of the decade served to mask a quiet pain, the sense of loss that Gertrude Stein had observed in Paris. F. Scott.Fitzgerald portrays the Jazz Age as a generation of “the beautiful and damned”, drowning in their pleasures. 7.American Transcendentalism American Transcendentalism is more of a tendency, an attitude, than the philosophy. To “transcend” something is to rise above it, to pass beyond its limits. Transcendentalists took their ideas from the romantic literature of Europe, fromnew-Platoism, from German idealistic philosophy, and from the revelations ofOriental-mysticism. They spoke for cultural rejuvenation and against the materialismof American society. Features:1、they placed emphasis on spirit as the most important thing in the Universe.2、they stressed the importance of the individual.3、they offered a fresh perception of nature as symbolic of the Spirit or God. 8. SymbolismSymbolism is the writing technique of using symbols. A symbol conveys two kinds of meaning; it is simply itself, and it stands for something other than itself. In other words, a symbol is both literal and figurative. People, places, things and even events can be used symbolically. A symbol is a way of telling a story and a way of conveying meaning. The best symbols are those that are believable in the lives of the characters and also convincing as they convey a meaning beyond the literal level of the story. Hawthorn and Melville were the two masters of symbolism. For example, the scarlet letter “A” on Hesters breast can give you symbolic meanings. If the symbol is obscure, then the very obscurity may also be part of the meaning of the story. Answer the following questions.III. Answer the following questions1. *What does Huck Finn reflect?Huck Finn is a veritable recreation of living models. Huck and his father, Jim, the swindlers, Colonel Sherburn and the drunkard Boggsall these characters had prototypes in real life. The portrayal of individual incidents and characters achieved intense verisimilitude of detail. Serious problems are being discussed through the narration of a little illiterate boy. The fact of the wilderness juxtaposed with civilization, the people half wild and half civilized, many of whom are coarse, vulgar, and brutal; and the fact of brutal slavery an of human beingsBlacksbeing sold in the market places like animals. All these and many other incidents are depicted in true-to-life detail as the background against which Huck Finns awareness of good and evil develops. Though a local and particular book, it touches upon the human situation in a general, indeed “universal” way: Humanitarianism ultimately triumphs.2. *What is Mark Twains contribution to American Literature? One of Mark Twains significant contributions to American literature lies in the fact that he made colloquial speech an accepted, respectable literary medium in the literary history of the country. The style has swept American literature and made books before Huck Finn and after it quite different. Its influence is clearly visible in twentieth-century American literature. It is continued in both prose and poetry. Among the number of American authors who acknowledged their indebtedness to Mark Twain are Sherwood Anderson, Ernest Hemingway, T.S.Eliot, William Faulkner, and contemporary authors such as J.D.Salinger, E.A.Robinson, Robert Frost, Carl Sandburg, William Carlos Williams, E.E.Cummings and even Ezra Pound. The importance of the style in American literature cannot be overrated.3. *What are the major features in American Realism? Realism is the theory of writing in which familiar aspects of contemporary life and everyday life scenes are represe