情态动词的用法.ppt

Modalverbsbyzhanglan 一 情态动词的定义情态动词表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度 二 情态动词的特点1 有一定词义 直接构成否定式和疑问式 2 不受主语人称和数的变化影响 3 与主要动词的原形 或称不带to的不定式 一起构成 Can could 1 表示能力 could主要指过去时间 Twoeyescanseemorethanone 两只眼比一只眼看得清 Couldthegirlreadbeforeshewenttoschool 这女孩上学前能识字吗 2 比较委婉客气地提出问题或陈述看法 Can Could youlendmeahand 帮我一把好吗 I mafraidwecouldn tgiveyouananswertoday 恐怕我们今天不能给你答复 3 表示允许 CanIhavealookatyournewpen Yes youcan may Heaskedwhetherhecouldtakethebookoutofthereading room 例1 CouldIborrowyourdictionary Yes ofcourseyou A mightB willC canD should 析 选C 该句用can的委婉表达式could来征求对方意见 could和might通用 但回答时必须还成can或may 因此该题不选A 4 表 有时候会 Itcanbeverycoldinjinjianginwinter TheWorldWideWebissometimesjokinglycalledtheWorldWideWaitbecauseitcanbeslow 05浙江 Hecanbefriendlyattimes 5 Howcanyoubesocareless 03上海 How yousaythatyoureallyunderstandthewholestoryifyouhavecoveredonlypartofthearticle A canB mustC needD may Canbecouldhavedone 6 表惊异 怀疑 不相信等态度 主要用于否定句 疑问句或感叹句中 Hecan t couldn t beoversixty 他不可能超过六十岁 Howcanyoubesocareless 你怎么这么粗心 Mancannotlivewithoutair CanitbeMrSmith No itcan tbehim Isawhimjustnow itmaybeMrZhang HelookslikeMrSmith Youcouldhavesucceededifyouhadn tbeensocareless Wherecan could theyhavegoneto 他们会去哪儿了呢 thenewsbetrue No it betrue A Can can tB May can tC May maynotD Must mustn t 析 选A 因为前半句是疑问句 后半句为否定句 两空都不能使用may might和must 应而用can和can t 2 理论上的可能性 并不涉及具体某事是否真会发生 主要是说明人和事物的特征 1 Evenexpertdriverscanmakemistakes 2 2003 Aleft luggageofficeisaplacewherebagscanbeleftforashorttime especiallyatarailwaystation 3 Trainingbyyourselfinagymcanbehighlydangerous 4 BirdFlucanbedangerous Makingchoices bedifficult especiallywhenthereisnoonetoturntoforadvice A mightB shouldD must C can C 但是在表达具体某事实际发生的可能性时不可用can 用may might could 1 Hemay might couldbeinthelibrary 2 Asnowstormcanbeexciting buttoomuchsnowcancausetrouble 3 Thisstormmay might couldlastseveraldays 04全国卷II You betired you veonlybeenworkingforanhour A mustnotB won tD maynot 06全国卷I Thereisnolighton They athome B mustn tC needn tD shouldn t C can t A can t C A 06福建 Ifitweren tforthefactthatshe sing Iwouldinvitehertotheparty A couldn tB shouldn tD mightnot 06四川 IsJackondutytoday It behim It shisturntomorrow A mustn tB won tD needn t C can t C can t Couldn t can thavedone Hethoughthissoncouldn thavetakenallthetablets Jenny withhimatthattime forIwashavingdinnerwithherinmyhome A can thavebeenB can tbeC mayhavebeenD maybe A 例2 Thelightinhisroomisstillon sohe tobed A mustn thavegoneB musthavegoneC shouldn thavegoneD can thavegone 析 选D 由于他房间里的灯还亮着推测 他不可能已经上床睡觉了 应填can thavegone Can beableto 1 情态动词can只有两种时态形式 现在式can和过去式could 而beableto有多种时态形式 Marycanplaythepiano Shehasbeenabletoplayitsinceshewas5 玛丽会弹钢琴 她五岁起就会弹了 2 用在过去时中 could经常表示能够做某事 事实上不一定去做 而was wereableto则表示 过去做成了某事 managedtodo succeededindoing HewasabletoreachMountQonolangmain1982 Hedidn tagreewithmeatfirst butI persuadehim AcouldBwasableto B wasableto和could的区别Thefirespreadthroughthehotelveryquickly buteveryonewasabletogetout 强调经过一番努力后成功做到某事 Shecouldsingwhenshewasyoung 一般能力 Can的惯用语1 can t help choose but v 不得不 Ican thelpbutadmireyourbravery 2 can thelpdoing 区别 can thelp to do 3 can thelpit Whyareyoucrying Ijustcan thelpit 4 can t couldn t与too enough连用 Youcan tbetoocareful 再 也不过分Ican tthankyoutoomuch May might 1 表允许 might可以指过去时间 也可指现在时间 语气更委婉MayItakethisbookout Yes youcan No youcan t mustn t YoumaytakewhateveryoulikeMay Might Iaskforaphotoofyourbaby May mightaswell不妨 Youmightaswellstayathome asitissowindytonight May表猜测 用于肯定句 否定句中 Hemaybeathome 他可能在家 Shemaynotknowaboutit 她可能不知道这件事 Hewasafraidtheymightnotagreewithhim 他担心他们可能不同意他的意见 Theymightbehavingameeting butI mnotsure 他们有可能在开会 不过我不肯定 AreyoucomingtoJeff sparty I mnotsure I gototheconcertinstead NMET2000 A mustB wouldC shouldD might 析 选D I mnotsure 的语境表明把握性不大 当然我去参加音乐演奏会的可能性就比较小了 故不用must应用might May mighthavedone Hemayhaverealizedit butIamnotsure 用于祈使句表示祝愿 Mayyousucceed Mayyouhavemanymoredaysashappyasthisone Must haveto must表示主观意志 而haveto表示由于客观因素不得不做某事 Wehaveneitheranumbrellanoraraincoat sowe wait Theplayisnotinteresting Ireally gonow Must表示义务 Wemustdoeverythingstepbystep 我们一切都必须循序渐进地做 Mustwehandinourexercise booksnow Yes youmust No youneedn t No youdon thaveto MustIstartatonce No you A needn tB mustn tC can tD won t 析 A 由语境可知该答句表示 不必 而mustn t表示 不准 禁止 不符合语境 显然应使用needn t表示 不必 但肯定句回答继续用must Must表 偏偏 Whymustyoufindfaultwithme 2005全国 John lookatthetime Mustyouplaythepianoatsuchalatehour 2004天津 Whoisthegirlstandingoverthere Well ifyoumustknow hernameisMarry 06浙江 CanIhaveawordwithyou mum Oh dear ifyou A canC mayD should 06山东 MayIsmokehere Ifyou chooseaseatinthesmokingsection A shouldB couldC may B must D must B D Why youalwaysleaveyourdirtyclothesinthebedroom A needB canC may D must D Mustn t表禁止 Youmustn ttalktoherlikethat Childrenmustn tplaywithfire Must表示揣测 意为 想必 准是 一定 等 只用于肯定句 Mustbemusthavedonemustbedoing Hemustbeill Helookssopale She swearingadiamondnecklace Shemusthavealotofmoney It stwelveo clock Theymustbehavinglunch Theymustbediscussingthisproblem Theroadiswet Itmusthaverainedlastnight Thereisnobodyhere Theymusthaveallgonehome Youmustbeawriter aren tyou YoumusthaveseenthemovieTitanic haven tyou Youmusthavedoneyourhomeworkyesterdayevening didn tyou Thechildrenmusthavewateredthetomatoesyesterday they TheministermusthavearrivedinShanghai hehe didn t hasn t Youcan tbeserious you are 拓展 shall 1 表征询意见 用于第一 第三人称疑问句 ShallIgetyousometea Shalltheboywaitoutside Whatshallwedothisevening shall 2 表说话人的意愿 有 命令 允诺 警告 决心 征求对方意见 等意思 用于第二 第三人称陈述句 YoushalldoasIsay 命令 Youshallhavemyanswertomorrow 允诺 Heshallbesorryforitoneday Itellyou 警告 Nothingshallstopusfromcarryingouttheplan 决心 Youshallanswerforitifyougoonbehavinglikethat Ifyouworkwell youshallhavearise HeshallbepunishedNobodyshallthrowawayrubbisheverywhere Wewantsomeonetodesignthenewartmuseum theyoungfellowhaveatry AmayBshallCwillDneed 3 用在法律 条约 规定时 02上海 Ithasbeenannouncedthatcandidatesshallremainintheirseatsuntilallthepapershavebeencollected 04重庆 Theinterestshallbedividedintofiveparts accordingtotheagreementmadebybothsides declaredthejudge Thesignsaysallpaymentsshallbemadeincash ChurchillwarnedHitler IfyoudaretoinvadeBritain youshallpayforitwithgreatloss 04湖南 Excuseme butIwanttouseyourcomputertotypeareport Youshan thavemycomputerifyoudon ttakecareofit Should oughtto 1 表义务 意为 应该 某件事宜于做 用于各种人称Youshouldbepolitetoyourteachers Youshouldn twasteanytime 2 表推测 意为 想必一定 照说应该 估计 等Thefilmshouldbeverygoodasitisstarringfirst classactors 这部新电影是一流演员主演的 估计拍得很好 Theyshouldbehomebynow 照说他们现在应当已经到家了 Should据经验或事实来表达合理的推断 1 Marytookdancingclassesforyears sheshouldbeanexcellentdancer 2 It snearlyseveno clock Jackshouldbehereatanymoment 3 It ssaidthatthereareplentyofhotelsinthattown Thereshouldnotbeanydifficultyforyoutofindsomewheretostay 3 表惊讶 惋惜 不满等情绪 常译为 竟然 01上海 Youcan timaginethatawell behavedgentlemanshouldbesorude I msurprisedthatyoushouldhavedonesuchathing Neverdidheexpectthattheconditionsshouldbesoterrible Itisstrangethatheshouldbesorude 4 Shouldhavedoneshouldn thavedone Littlelilydidn tcometothepartyyesterday Ishouldhavetelephonedhimlastnight ButIwastoobusy 5 Should 动词原形表虚拟 可省略 在表建议 要求 命令 主张等动词的宾语从句中 常见的动词有 insist order command suggest advice propose demand request require andaskandsoon 例如 Mikeinsistedthatshedidn tstealanythingand should notbescolded 用于Itissuggested proposed desired strange necessary important essential natural apity等的主语从句中 用于表示建议 命令 主张 愿望 目的等名词后的表语从句和同位语从句中 如advice suggestion proposal order request requirement wish desire idea aim等 例如 06江苏 IthinkI llgiveBobaring You Youhaven tbeenintouchwithhimforages A willB mayC haveto D should D 04全国 Mr White at8 30forthemeeting buthedidn tshowup B shouldarriveC shouldhadarrivedD shouldbearriving 04福建 I lltellMarryabouthernewjobtomorrow You herlastweek A oughttotellB couldhavetoldC musttell A shouldhavearrived D shouldhavetold A D Will would usedto 1 表意愿 用于各种人称陈述句 Iwilldoanythingforyou 我愿为你做任何事 Noneissoblindasthosewhowon tsee 不愿看的人眼最瞎 Ifyouwillreadthebook I lllendittoyou 如果你愿意读这本书 我会把它借给你 2 表请求 建议Willyouclosethewindow It sabitcold wouldyoupassmethebook Yes Iwill Wouldyoupleasedomeafavor Won tyousitdown 3 表示某种倾向或习惯性动作 Fishwilldieoutofwater 鱼离开水就不能活 Thedoorwon topen 这门打不开 Theboywillsittherehourafterhourslookingatthetrafficgoby Boyswillbeboys 4 表估计和猜想Itwouldbeabout10whenhelefthome Ithoughthewouldhavetoldyouallaboutit 5 表让步Comewhatwill tryyourbest 6 坚决拒绝 Iwon tlistentoyournonsense Thedogwouldn tstopbarking 表临时的决定 Youforgottopostmyletter Sorry Iwillpostit NevertouchmycomputerwhileIamaway I Ifhe cometomybirthdayparty I llbeveryhappy AwillBshouldCmustDoughtto Would usedto 表过去反复发生的动作或过去的一种倾向 Everytimeshewasintrouble shewouldgotohimforhelp 表示过去的习惯动作或状态 现在不复发生或存在 疑问式和否定式有两种 Heusedtoliveinthecountryside butnowhelivesinthecity Thereusedtobeabuildingatthestreetcorner butithasbeenpulleddown Iusedn t didn tuse tosmoke 我过去不抽烟 Usedyou Didyouuse togotoschoolonfoot 你过去常步行去学校吗 Dare need 1 用作情态动词 NeedIcome Yes youmust Youneedn ttelephonehimnow Idon tthinkyouneedworry Shedarenotgooutaloneatnight HowdareyousayI munfair Notoneofthemdaredmentionthis dareandneed NeedIhandinmyexercisebookatonce Yes you A mustB needC canD will 析 选A 根据规定need用于一般疑问句作肯定回答应换成must 而作否定回答时 使用need的否定式needn t 2 用作实义动词Youdon tneedtodoityourself Weneedtotellthemthenews Thetableneedspainting tobepainte