解析几何中的英文单词和短语.docx

解析几何中的英文单词和短语解析几何Analytic Geometry 第一章 矢量与坐标Chapter 1 Vectors and Coordinates标量scalar矢量vector坐标coordinate空间space系统system代数algebra量quantity计算calculation力学mechanics物理学physics解solution概念concept长度length面积area体积volume唯一displacement大小magnitude方向direction线段line segment又向线段line segment始点initial point终点terminal point模module等于equal to 零zero平行四边形parallelogram邻边adjacent side折线broken line法则rule共线collinear共面coplanar加法运算additive operation三角形triangle对角线diagonal平移translation交换律law of commutation结合律law of association分配率law of distribution乘法multiplication分解decomposition系数coefficient基底base等式equality三棱形triangular prism六面体hexahedron平分线bisector连线connecting line线性相关linear dependence线性无关linear independence线性组合linear combination标架frame直角right angle仿射affine左旋/手标架left-handed frame右旋/手标架right-handed frame空间矢量space vector笛卡尔坐标系cartesian coordinate system第一象限first quadrant分母denominator分子molecular仿射坐标系affine coordinate system坐标平面coordinate plane坐标轴coordinate axis定点vertex重心barycenter中点median point中线median line射影projection射影矢量projective vector射线ray垂直perpendicularity夹角included angle余弦cosine方向余弦direction cosine正弦sine反交换anti-commutative反矢量inverse vector垂足pedal两倍two-fold混合积mixed product数性积/内积inner product绝对值absolute value单位矢量unit vector零矢量zero vector平方square平方和sum of squares高height高线altitude距离distance分量component左手系left-handed system右手系right-handed system棱/边edge正数positive number复数complex number符号symbol初等几何elementary geometry四面体tetrahedron矢量积cross product三重向量基triple vector product实数域real number field克拉默法则Cramer rule拉格朗日恒等式Lagrange identity第二章 轨迹与方程Chapter 2 Loci and Equations轨迹locus方程equation平面plane实数real number对应correspondence曲线curve曲面surface直线straight line充要条件（当且仅当）if and only if图/图标graph圆circle半径radius公式formula原点origin圆心center of circle反比proportion by inversion参数parameter区间interval对称的symmetric定点fixed point准方程quasi-equation一次方程linear equation法矢量normal vector重合coincidence交角intersection angle交点intersection point坐标系coordinate system轴axis有向角directed angle旋轮线/摆线cycloid拱形arch尖点cusp切线tangent line切点/触点tangent point渐进切线asymptotic tangent渐伸线/切展线involvent星形线asteroid初等函数elementary function椭圆ellipse斜率slope等价equivalence抛物线parabola心形线cardioid抛物柱面parabolic cylinder虚曲面imaginary surface二次方程quadratic equation一元二次方程quadratic equation with one variable配方complete square球/球面sphere圆柱面cylinder椭圆柱面elliptic cylinder双曲柱面hyperbolic cylinder母线generators / generatrix准线directrix质点particle角速度angular velocity维维安尼曲线viviani curve螺旋线spiral螺旋面spiral surface射影柱面projective cylinder右手坐标系right-handed coordinate system圆锥cone圆锥面cone surface因式/因子factor因式分解factoring联立方程simultaneous equations第三章 平面与空间直线Chapter 3 Planes and Straight Lines in Space方位azimuth截距式intercept form常数constant垂线vertical line径矢radius of vector异号opposite sign对边opposite side方向矢量direction vector离差dispersion相交intersection不等式inequality二面角interfacial angle相关correlate标准方程standard equation方向数direction number射影平面projective plane公垂线common perpendicular直线束pencil of lines平面束plane pencil / pencil of planes平行平面束pencil of parallel planes平行平面parallel planes平行切线parallel tangents平行移动parallel translation第四章 柱面、锥面、旋转曲面与二次曲面Chapter 4 Cylinders,Cone Surfaces,Rotation Surfaces and Quadratic Surfaces二次曲面quadratic surface旋转曲面rotation surface齐次方程homogeneous equation直线族family of straight lines二次锥面quadratic cone虚锥面imaginary cone实轴real axis虚轴imaginary axis环面torus椭球面ellipsoid旋转椭球面ellipsoid of revolution旋转抛物面paraboloid of revolution单叶univalent旋转轴rotation axis定直线fixed line主平面principal plane主轴principal axis对称平面symmetry plane长半轴semi-major axis短半轴semi-minor axis虚半轴imaginary semi-axis长方体cuboid长轴major axis短轴minor axis端口/线/面section主截线/面principal section分割/切断segmentation截割cutting曲面图形surface chart双曲面hyperboloid单叶双曲面hyperboloid of one sheet双曲线hyperbola单叶旋转双曲面hyperboloid of one sheet of revolution双叶双曲面hyperboloid of two sheets旋转双叶双曲面hyperboloid of two sheets of revolution双曲抛物面hyperbolic paraboloid马鞍曲面anticlastic surface无心二次曲面quadratic surface without center中心center对称中心symmetric center对称轴symmetric axis焦点focus矩形rectangle弧arc直纹曲面ruled surface第五章 二次曲线的一般理论Chapter 5 General Theory of Quadratic Curves二次曲线quadratic curve虚数imaginary number虚元素imaginary element虚点imaginary point共轭虚点conjugate imaginary points共轭虚数conjugate imaginary number虚矢量imaginary line虚系数imaginary coefficient偏导数partial derivative复点complex point复矢量complex vector对角元素diagonal element行列式determinant行row列column弦chord椭圆型elliptic type抛物型parbolic type双曲型hyperbolic type渐进方向asymptotic direction虚方向imaginary dirction中心直线central line中心二次曲线quadratic curve with center无心二次曲线quadratic curve without center中心曲线central curve无心曲线noncentral curve正常点proper point切线方程tangential equation恒等式identity奇异点/奇点singular point中心轨迹midpoint chords主方向principal direction主直径principal diameter共轭方向conjugate direction共轭直径conjugate diameter共轭弦conjugate chord特征方程characteristic equation特征根characteristic value坐标变换transformation of coordinates判别式discriminant旋转轴rotation axis虚圆imaginary ellipse二次项quadratic element旋转角angle of rotation可逆变换inverse transformation余切cotangent成比例proportional增广矩阵augmented matrix共轭虚直线conjugate imaginary line不变量invariant多项式polynomial三角函数trigonometric function柯西-施瓦茨不等式Cauchy-Schwarz ineq