钻孔机的进给单位.doc

外文A FEED UNIT FOR DRILLING MACHINESN. N. Esin and . G. Chernilov UDC 622.233.056 The feed units of drilling machines feed the drill mechanism,drill rod, and bit towards the face during drilling, and also raise and lower the drill rod. 钻孔机的进料单元饲料朝向脸钻头机制，钻杆，和位在钻井过程中，也提高和降低的钻杆。Mechanical feed units with drive from a pneumatic motor 1 are small and can develop large feed thrusts.However,they have certain drawbacks: the feed velocity is low, which increases the time required for auxiliary operations; the apparatus is complicated and insufficiently reliable in use; and the pheumatic motor is noisy. Pneumatic piston feed units 2 are simple in design and reliable in use, and give elasticity of the feed, reducing wear on the bit and permitting an increase in the productivity of drilling. However, they are large, because the thrust developed depends on the area of the pLton which is acted on by compressed air at a comparatively low pressure of 5-6 kg/cm 2. Nevertheless, the full rated feed thrust is quite rarely used (for example, in the last few meters of a deep borehole). 从气动电机的驱动机械的进料单元1是小型和发展大型饲料thrusts.However ，它们有一定的缺点：进料速度是低的，这增加了用于辅助操作所需的时间的装置是复杂的，不够可靠在使用和的pheumatic马达是喧闹的。气动活塞进料单元2 的设计是简单的和可靠的使用中，并且给进料的弹性，对位减少磨损，并允许在钻井的生产率增加。但是，它们是大的，因为开发的推力取决于是在比较低的压力为5-6公斤/厘米2的压缩空气作用在其上的区域上的皮升（pL） 吨。然而，全额定进给推力相当罕见（例如，在过去数米的深钻孔） 。With the aim of improving the operational qualities of drilling machines, we have developed a new type of pneumatic piston feed unit. Its essential feature is that the air pressure in the feed cylinder can be several times greater than that in the air mains. This is achieved by means of a pressure converter consisting of several pistons and cylinders in series. 随着钻孔机的执行性能的改善的目的，我们已经开发了一种新类型的气动活塞进给单元。其基本特点是，在进给气缸的空气压力比空气中的电源可以是大几倍。这是通过由几个串联的活塞和气缸的压力转换器的装置。Figure 1 shows a schematic diagram of the feed unit. The working parts comprise feed cylinder 1 with piston 9 and rod 3. The pressure converter consists of cylinder 4 with freely moving piston 5 and several single cylinders 6 with tappets 7. The rod of each tappet passes through a gland in the end wall and freely bears on the head of the preceding tappet. Air is distributed by piston valve 8. The elements of the system are connected by air ducts, one of which contains back valve 9, and another cut-off valve 10. The feed unit is controlled by means of tap 11. 图1示出了进给单元的示意图。工作部件包括进料缸1与活塞9和杆3 。压力转换器由液压缸4与自由活塞上移， 5和几个单缸6挺杆7 。每个挺杆的杆穿过端壁中的一个腺体，及可自由不承担前述挺杆头部上。空气分配的活塞阀8 。要素的系统中通过空气导管，其中一个包含回阀9，和另一个截止阀10连接。进给单元的控制装置的抽头11 。The system works as follows. Compressed air from the mains passes through inlet tap 11 and valve 9, and arrives in the left-hand cavity of cylinder 1, where it bears on piston 2, creating a thrust. Simultaneously air passes into cylinder 4, and also through valve 10 and annular space a in piston valve 8 into the right-hand cavities of cylinders 4 and 6. The left-hand cavities of cylinders 6 are always in communicaon with the atmosphere. Piston 5 and tappet 7 move to the left, and the forces created by the air pressures on each of them are added together. The air in the left-hand cavity of cylinder 4 is compressed to a pres- sure greater than that in the mains (the maximum pressure in this cavity depends on the number of cylinders 6). The high-pressure air passes through annular space b and reaches feed cylinder 1, increasing the feed thrust. 该系统的工作原理如下。压缩空气从电源通过入口抽头11和阀9 ，和，到达腔的液压缸1的方法，其中它不承担在活塞2中的左手，创建一个推力。同时空气进入气缸4，并且通过阀10和环形空间a的活塞阀8的气缸4和6到右侧空腔。气缸6的左手的空腔是总是在通信与大气。活塞5和挺杆7移动到左边，和他们每个人的空气压力所产生的力被加在一起。左手腔的液压缸4中的空气被压缩到压力大于在电源（该空腔中的最大压力取决于气缸6的数目） 。的高压空气通过环形空间b ，并到达进给气缸1，增加饲料的推力。Approaching its extreme leftward position, piston 5 opens a port to control duct c into which air at mains pressure comes from the right-hand cavity of cylinder 4. The air bears on the right-hand face of piston valve 8, the left-hand end of which is at this time freed from load owing to escape of air via a small hole k (the control ductd is now covered by piston 5). The piston valve moves to the left.接近极端向左的位置，活塞打开一个端口控制管C到空气总管压力来自右手的4缸腔。的空气不承担面对活塞阀8上的右手，左手端是在这个时候脱离负载由于k（下控制ductd现在覆盖由活塞5 ）通过一个小的孔的空气逸出。活塞阀移动到左侧。Institute of Mining, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Novosibirsk. Translated from Hziko-Tekhnicheskie Problemy Razrabotki Poleznykh Iskopaemykh,No.4,pp.115-117,Iuly-August,1970.Original article submitted April 3, 1970.When the piston valve is in its leftward position, feed cylinder 1 is disconnected from the pressure converter. The right-hand cavities of cylinders 4 and 6 are connected to the exhaust via annular space e. Air from the mains passes through annular space a and arrives in the left-hand cavity of cylinder 4, causing piston 5 and tappet 7 to move to the right. Wen piston 5 reaches its extreme right-hand position, it opens duct d and mains-pressure air enters the left-hand end of piston valve 8. At this time duet c is covered and the right-hand end of the piston valve is released from pressure. The piston valve moves to the right, and then the cycle is repeated until the pressure in feed cylinder 1 reaches its maximum value. 9 The operation of the converter is then automatically stopped, and is recommenced as the air pressure in the feeder fails owing to forward movement of piston 9 and increase in the volume of the working cavity of the feed cylinder. Thus the system operates at high feed pressures. 当活塞阀是在其向左的位置，进料缸1从压力转换器被断开。的气缸4和6在右侧的腔连接到排气通过环形空间e 。从电源的空气穿过环形空间和到达在左手腔的液压缸4 ，使活塞5与挺杆7移动到右边。闻活塞5到达其极端的右侧的位置时，它打开管道d和电源的高压空气进入活塞阀8的左手端。此时二重唱c被覆盖，并在右侧端部的活塞阀的压力释放。活塞阀移动到右边，然后重复该循环，直到进给气缸1中的压力达到其最大值。 9的转换器的操作，然后自动停止，并重新开始供纸器中的空气压力发生故障，由于运动的活塞9和进料缸的工作腔的体积的增加转发。因此，该系统工作在高进给压力。If the resistance offered to rod 3 is small, the piston moves in the cylinder at low pressures. Then the pres-sure of the air passing via duet f to piston valve 10 cannot overcome the force of the spring and air from the mains is cut off from the converter. On the other hand, if the resistance offered to the rod increases so much that direct feed via valve 9 cannot effect operation of the feeder, then the pressure in the working cavity increases to mains pressure and will be sufficient to move valve 10 to the right, so that it admits air to the converter. 如果杆3提供的阻力小，所述活塞移动，在低压力的汽缸。然后空气压力为通过对唱f传递到活塞阀10从转换器的弹簧的力和空气从主电源被切断，不能克服。另一方面，如果提供给所述杆的阻力增加这样多，直接进料通过阀9可以不影响供纸器的操作，那么在工作腔增加至总管压力和中的压力将是足够来移动阀10的右侧，因此，它承认空气转换器。The presence of direct feed (via the back valve) and of the piston valve,which cuts off the pressure converter, permits drilling to be effected in most eases without the converter; increased pressure is used only at the end of a deep borehole. By adding successive interchangeable cylinders with tappets, it is possible to build up the feed unit to any maximum feed thrust required by the drilling conditions. 的存在下，直接进料（通过背部阀）和活塞阀，切断的压力转换器，允许钻井所要产生在大多数例未经转换器;使用增加的压力只是在结束的深孔。通过添加与挺杆连续可互换气缸，它是可以建立任何最大进给推力钻井条件所要求的进料单元。In principle, the feed unit wit