高中语法-省略.doc

省略简单句中的省略1、省略主语 祈使句中主语通常省略；其它省略主语多限于少数现成的说法。(1) (I) Thank you for your help.(2) (I) See you tomorrow.(3) (It) Doesnt matter.(4) (I) Beg your pardon2、省略主谓或主谓语的一部分 (1) (There is) No smoking .(2) (Is there) Anything wrong ?(3) (Will you) Have a smoke ?(4) What/How (do you think) about a cup of tea ?(5) Why (do you) not say hello to him ?3、省略作宾语的不定式短语，只保留to，但如果该宾语是动词be或完成时态，则须在之后加上be或have:(1) Are you going there? -Yes, Id like to (go there).(2) He didnt give me the chance, though he had promised to (give me the chance).(3) Are you an engineer? -No, but I want to be.(4) He hasnt finished the task yet. -Well, he ought to have.4、省略表语 (1) Are you thirsty? -Yes, I am (thirsty).(2) His brother isnt lazy, nor is his sister (lazy).5、同时省略几个成分 (1) Lets meet at the same place as (we met) yesterday.(2) -Have you finished your work ? -(I have) Not (finished my work) yet.主从复合句中的省略1、主句中有一些成分被省略(1) ( Im ) Sorry to hear you are ill.(2) ( Its a ) Pity that he missed such a good chance.2、主句中有一些成分被省略(1) Is he coming back tonight? -I think so.(2) She must be busy now? -If so, she cant go with us.(3) Is she feeling better today? -Im afraid not.(4) Do you think he will attend the meeting? -I guess not. 这种用法常见的有：How so? Why so? Is that so? I hope so. He said so.及I suppose/believe/hope not. 并列句中的省略两个并列句中，后一个分句常省略与前一分句中相同的部分。 (1) My father is a doctor and my mother (is) a nurse.(2) I study at college and my sister (studies) at high school.(3) When summer comes, the day is getting longer and longer, and the night (is getting) shorter and shorter.其他省略1、连词的that省略(1)宾语从句中常省略连词that，但也有不能省略的情况。 (2) 在定语从句中，that在从句中作宾语时可省略.另外，凡是进行时态和被动语态的定语从句都可省略关系代词和be 动词。2、在某些状语从句中，从句的主语与主句的主语一致时，可省去“主语+be”部分(1) When (he was) still a boy of 10, he had to work day and night.(2) She tried her best though (she was) rather poor in health.(3) If (you are) asked you may come in.(4) If (it is) necessary Ill explain to you again.3、不定式符号to的省略(1) 并列的不定式可省去后面的 to. I told him to sit down and wait for a moment. (2) help 当“帮助”讲时，后面的宾语或宾补的不定式符号to可带可不带. I will help (to) do it for you. I will help you (to) do it.（3）介词but前若有动词do,后面的不定式不带 to. The boy did nothing but play.(4) 某些使役动词（let, make, have）及感官动词（see, watch, hear, notice, observe, feel, look at, listen to等）后面作宾语补足语的不定式一定要省去 to, 但在被动语态中须将to 复原。 I saw the boy fall from the tree. The boy was seen to fall from the tree. The boss made us work 12 hours a day. We were made to work 12 hours a day.(5) 主语从句中有动词do,后面作表语的不定式的 to可带可不带。 All we can do now is (to) wait.(6) find 当“发现”讲时，后面作宾语补足语的不定式符号to可带可不带。 We found him (to) work very hard at the experiment. 但如果是不定式 to be，则不能省略。 She found him to be dishonest. 4、连词if在部分虚拟条件句中可省略，但后面的语序有变化。(1) Had they time, they would certainly come and help us. (2) Were I you, I would do the work better.(3）Should there be a flood, what should we do?5、主句和从句各有一些成分省略。The sooner (you do it), the better (it will be). 难点磁场1.()John plays football_,if not better than,David.A.as well B.as well asC.so well D.so well as2.()If you go to Xian ,youll find the places there more magnificent than commonly_.A.supposingB.supposedC.to supposeD.suppose3.()What do you think made Mary so upset?_ her bicycle.A.As she lost B.LostC.Losing D.Because of losing4.()I thought her nice and honest_ I met her.A.first time B.for the first timeC.the first time D.by the first time5.()Boris has brains.In fact,I doubt whether anyone in the class has_IQ.(NMET 2002)A.a high B.a higherC.the higher D.the highest6.()You should have thanked her before she left.I meant_,but when I was leaving I couldnt find her anywhere.(2002年上海春季)A.to doB.toC.doingD.doing so案例探究1.Do you think its going to rain over the weekend?_.A.I dont believe B.I dont believe itC.I believe not so D.I believe not命题意图：此题考查not在宾语从句中的“替代性”省略。此题属四星级题。知识依托：“so”可代替某些动词后的宾语从句，但绝不能用it或that。这些常用的动词有：believe,be afraid,expect,hope,imagine,suppose等。例：Is she going to the party tonight?I think so./I hope so.其否定有两种：动词用否定结构。用not代替so。又如：Do you think he will pass the exam?I dont think so./I think not.前者更常用。错解分析：A项应为I dont believe so。C项否定也应否定谓语。解题方法与技巧：根据具体语言环境，正确运用表达观点的方法。答案：D2._ for the free ticket,I would not have gone to the films so often.A.If it is not B.Were it notC.Had it not been D.If there were to命题意图：旨在考查虚拟条件中if的省略。此题属五星级题。知识依托：跟过去事实相反的虚拟条件句结构为If+主语+had+过去分词，主语+would/could/might do当if省略时，将had提主句首，即Had+主语+过去分词，主语+would/could/might do错解分析：A项不是虚拟语气结构。B项是跟现在事实相反的虚拟条件句。D项是跟将来事实相反的虚拟条件句。解题方法与技巧：从题干的后一句话入手，可看出I would not have gone to是跟过去事实相反的虚拟条件句，故答案为C。译为：要不是因为票是免费的，我也就不会经常去看电影了。答案：C3.You ought to have given them some advice._,but who cared what I asked?A.So it was B.So I ought to haveC.So I did D.So I ought to命题意图：考查ought to后作宾语的不定式的省略。此题属五星级题。知识依托：ought to, want, hope等动词后可省略作宾语的不定式短语，但该宾语若是be动词或动词的完成时，则需在to后加be或have。Are you a soldier?No,but,wish to be(a soldier).答案：B4.The research is so designed that once_ nothing can be done to change it.(NMET 2002)A.beginsB.having begunC.beginningD.begun命题意图：此题考查省略在状语从句中的应用。此题属四星级题。知识依托：当主句的主语和状语从句主句一致（或从句主语为it),且从句中含be,可把从句的主语和be一起省略，例：I wonder why he didnt do as(he was) told to.错解分析：A、B、C项都为主动，而research应是由人启动的，应用被动。解题方法与技巧：此类词，应分清主、被动关系。答案：D锦囊妙计掌握好省略句，应注意以下几条：1.感官动词或使役动词（如：notice,hear,let,make)等后接不定式作宾补时省略to,被动时to不能省略。2.在prefer to do rather than,cannot help butdo, nothing but等句型中常省略to。3.为避免重复，作某些动词（hope,want)等宾语或（tell,order,ask)的宾补时，省略不定式短语，只保留不定式符号to。4.应注意状语从句、定语从句中的省略。状语从句中，如果谓语含动词be,主语又与主句主语一致或主语是it,从句中主语和be一齐省略。5.注意not ,so ,neither, nor的“替代性”省略。歼灭难点训练1.()Tom fell down from the ladder.I think his right leg is broken.Oh,I_.A.hope not to B.hope notC.hope not so D.dont hope2.()If_ the same treatment again,hes sure to get well.A.givingB.giveC.givenD.being given3.()Arent you the manager？No,and I_.A.dont want to B.dont want to beC.dont want be D.dont want4.()While_ for the bus,I met an old friend of mine.A.waitedB.waitingC.waitD.to wait5.()I dont like the way_ he speaks to his mother.A.whichB.in thatC.D.on which6.()They had nothing to do but_.A.to waitB.waitingC.waitedD.wait7.()Children must be taught to act with good manners when_.A.speaking to B.spoken toC.are speaking D.spoken of8.()Have you cleaned the room?No,but_.A.Im B.I amC.Im just going D.Im just going to9.()Do you mind my taking this seat?_.A.Yes,sit down please B.No,of course notC.Yes,take it please D.No,you cant take it10.()_ green,the door might look more beautiful.A.You painted B.If paintedC.To paint D.Have it painted11.()Is the boy very sick?Im afraid_.A.itB.thisC.soD.that12.()They knew her very well.They had seen him_ up from childhood.A.growB.grewC.was growingD.to grow13.()Rather than_ on a crowded bus,he always prefers _ a bicycle.A.ride;ride B.riding;rideC.ride;to ride D.to ride;riding14.()_ it rain tomorrow,we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge.A.WereB.ShouldC.WouldD.Will15.()Though_ money,his parents managed to send him to university.A.lackedB.lacking ofC.lackingD.lacked in多变的省略句难点磁场1.B 此句是John plays football as well as David,if he doesnt play better than David.的省略句，译为“如果John足球踢得不比David 好，也和他一样好。”D项so well as应用在否定句中。2.B supposed前省略了（they are)。3.C 此对话的完整答语应是Losing her bicycle made Mary upset。4.C 四个选项中只有C项可充当连词，连接句子且time引导定语从句，其后的关系词可省略。5.B 此句是In fact,I doubt whether anyone in the class has a higher IQ than Boris。6.B I meant to后省略了thank her而只保留了不定式的符号。