美国教育.ppt

AmericanEducation 1 HowmanyworldfamousuniversitiesinAmericadoyouknow 2 WhyAmericaissosuccessfulineducation 3 WhatarethedifferencesbetweenAmericanandChineseeducation 4 WhatcanwelearnfromAmerica Questionsforthinking HarvardUniversity Motto Veritas Truth Established 1636Location Cambridge Massachusetts U S Type Private Motto Veritas Truth Established 1636Location Cambridge Massachusetts U S Type Private Motto Veritas Truth Established 1636Location Cambridge Massachusetts U S Type Private BriefIntroduction HarvardistheoldestinstitutionofhigherlearningintheUnitedStates Harvard shistory influence andwealthhavemadeitoneofthemostprestigiousuniversitiesintheworld Harvard smission toadvancenewideasandpromoteenduringknowledge haskepttheuniversityyoung AchievementsofHarvardUniversity EightU S presidents graduates 75NobelLaureates students faculty orstaffaffiliates TheHarvardUniversityLibrary thelargestacademiclibraryinAmerica oneofthelargestintheworld Motto LuxetVeritas LightandTruth Established 1701Type PrivateLocation NewHaven Connecticut UnitedStates YaleUniversity YaleUniversity Achievements Itisoneoftheworld smostdistinguishedcentersoflearningandresearch Theuniversityisthethird oldestinstitutionofhighereducationintheUnitedStates 49NobelLaureates students faculty andstaff notablealumni fiveU S Presidents 19U S SupremeCourtJustices andseveralforeignheadsofstate StanfordUniversity PrincetonUniversity BackgroundInformation ReligionplayedanimportantruleindevelopinganeducationalsystemintheUnitedStates ThePuritansbelievedthateducationwasnecessaryinordertoreadtheBibletoreceivesalvation AmericanEducation IntheUnitedStates educationisregardedasbothanindividualbenefitandasocialnecessity ItisageneralviewthateveryAmericanhastherightandobligationtobecomeeducated Americansbelievethat througheducation anindividualacquirestheknowledge skills attitudesandabilitieswhichenablethemtofitintosocietyandimprovetheirsocialstatus ImportanceofEducation helpstoshapethesocietyanddevelopthenationalstrength isthecauseofpersonalandnationalsuccess thecureofsocialandeconomicills thefutureofthenationdependslargelyoneducation CharacteristicsofAmericanEducation FormaleducationintheUnitedStatesconsistsofelementary secondaryandhighereducation Publiceducation elementaryandsecondaryeducationisfreeandcompulsory Elementaryandsecondaryeducation SchoolingiscompulsoryforallchildrenintheUnitedStates buttheagerangeforwhichschoolattendanceisrequiredvariesfromstatetostate Mostchildrenbeginelementaryeducationwithkindergarten usuallyfivetosixyearsold andfinishsecondaryeducationwithtwelfthgrade usuallyeighteenyearsold Accordingtogovernmentdata one tenthofstudentsareenrolledinprivateschools Approximately85 ofstudentsenterthepublicschools largelybecausetheyaretax subsidized Moststatesrequirethattheirschooldistrictswithinthestateteachfor180daysayear Parentsmayalsochoosetoeducatetheirownchildrenathome 1 7 ofchildrenareeducatedinthismanner HigherEducation HighereducationintheUnitedStatesbeganwiththefoundingofHarvardCollegein1636 In2008 36 ofenrolledstudentsgraduatedfromcollegeinfouryears 57 completedtheirundergraduaterequirementsinsixyears atthesamecollegetheyfirstenrolledin TheU S ranks10thamongindustrialcountriesforpercentageofadultswithcollegedegrees PublicSchoolsvs PrivateSchools Publicschools 1 Largerinsize 2 Arecreated financiallysupportedandgovernedbystatesorcommunities Privateschools Arecreated financiallysupportedbyreligiousgroups ornonreligiousprivateorganizationsorindividuals AnoutstandingcharacteristicofAmericaneducation Diversity Thediversitybehavesin Type size controlofinstitutions educationalpoliciesandpractices Reason Statesestablishespoliciesforeducationwithinitsboundary TheFederalgovernmenthasnopowertomakelawsinthefieldofeducation Itcangivefinancialhelpbutnotothers Eachstatehasaneducationaladministrationandisfullyresponsiblewithinitsownterritory 10biggestdifferencesbetweenAmericanandChineseeducation 一 StudyforWhom 为谁而学 A Studyisstudents ownthing Studentsareactive flexibleandpleasant C toomuchrestraintsinstudy Studyisparents andteachers things Regardstudyasutility 二 GoalsofEducatingPeople 育人目标 A attachimportancetothedevelopmentofstudents creativity lowscoresbuthighabilities C emphasizetraininginbasicskills highscoresbutlowabilities 三 Class 课堂 A enlightenstudents enablethemtoputforwardnewquestions humanrightsarevalued C givestudentsaconclusion havingnoquestionsafteraclassisgood disciplineisimportant 四 Therelationshipbetweenteachersandstudents 师生关系 A notadmitauthority Teachersarefondofchattingwithchildren Theyaregoodfriends C worshipteachersblindly Teachersarealwaysright Teacherstendtobeserious 五 Examinationsystem 考试制度 A open bookexaminationsarecommonexaminationsaimathelpingstudentsfindtheirshortagesandimprovethemselves C examinationdisciplineisstrictandtheatmosphereisnervous themaingoalofexaminationistoeliminatenotsoqualifiedstudents 六 TheNumberofStudentsinaClass 班级人数 A Numberofstudentsinaclassisnotmorethan30 C forschoolsinvillagesandtowns thenumberis60onaverage 七 Time 时间 A about1000hoursforschooleducation childrenhavemoretimeandfreedomtodowhattheyareinterestedin studentscanlearntohowtoarrangetheirtime C Inayear thetimeformiddleschoolstudentstolearnis8months Ittakesthemabout11hourstostayatschool 八 SchoolReportCard 成绩单 A Gradesofstudentsbelongtotheirprivacy teacherswon tannouncethegradesofthewholeclass C Teachers evaluationvaluesstudents enrollmentrate excellencerate Theadministrationwilltryvariousdevicestopublishschoolachievements 九 TeachingMaterial 教材 A Teachingmaterialsareeasytoreadandunderstand hasnostrictrequirementsforchildren Payattentiontothecultivationofpracticalandinnovationability C putemphasisontampingstudents