辅导11 从句的简化.doc

辅导11 从句的简化一，名词从句的简化（一） 名词从句与动名词1That 引导的主语从句a. It surprised us that John won the marathon. Johns winning the marathon surprised us.b. That he lost the game as a surprise to everybody. His losing the game came as a surprise to everybody.2That 引导的同位语从句a. There was no chance that Davy would come from the battle alive. There was no chance of Davy coming from the battle alive.b. Anyone with half an eye on the unemployment figures knew that the assertion that economic recovery would be just around the corner was untrue. Anyone with half an eye on the unemployment figures knew that the assertion about economic recovery being just around the corner was untrue.c. We were greatly encouraged by the news that China had launched another man-made satellite. We were greatly encouraged by the news of China having launched another man-made satellite.3 That 引导的宾语从句简化：a. I hope that I can drive to work in my own car. I hope to drive to work in my own car. b. I consider that I will emigrate to America in the future. I consider emigrating to America in the future.c. Janes mother insisted that she should go swimming with her brother. Janes mother insisted on her going swimming with her brother.（二）名词从句与不定式a. I dont know what I should do. I dont know what to do.b. Please tell me how I can get to the bus station. Please tell me how to get to the bus station.c. She cant decide whether she should go with him or stay home. She cant decide whether to go with him or (to) stay home.d. I havent decided whether I should vote for Clint. I havent decided whether to vote for Clint. 二定语从句的简化（一）从句中含有be动词a. Do you know the boy who is playing the violin? Do you know the boy playing the violin?b. The man who is standing at the gate is my English teacher. The man standing at the gate is my English teacher.c. Books that are written in English are more expensive. Books written in English are more expensive.d. The car that was repaired yesterday by him is my brothers. The car repaired yesterday by him is my brothers.e. The people who were responsible for the incident were all published. The people responsible for the incident were all punished.（二）从句中没有be动词a. They live in a room that faces the south. They live in a room facing the south.b. Anyone who touches the wire will get an electric shock. Anyone touching the wire will get an electric shock.c. English has an alphabet that consists of 26 letters. English has an alphabet consisting of 26 letters.（三）用不定式替换定语从句a. The only one that understands me The only one to understand meb. The next train that arrives is from New York. The next train to arrive is from New York. c. Clint was the second person that fell into this trap. Clint was the second person to fall into this trap. 三状语从句的简化（一）从句含有be动词a. Metals expand when (they are) heated and contract when (they are) cooled.b. When a student in the university, he read a lot. c. While (he was) waiting, he took out a magazine to read. d. A tiger cant be tamed unless (it is ) caught very young. e. _, Dr. Smith has long been a severe critic of the governments economic policies. A. Although not being an economist himselfB. although not an economist himselfC. Although not having been an economist himselfD. Although being no an economist himself（二）从句没有be 动词a. Since I came to Beijing, I have made many new friends. Since coming to Beijing, I have made many new friends.b. After I finished my homework, I fed the dog. After finishing my homework, I fed the dog. c. After he jumped out of a boat, the man was bitten by a shark. After jumping out of a boat, the man was bitten by a shark.选择题：1 Oceans continually lose by evaporation much of the river water _. A. to constantly flow into them B. is constantly flowing into them C. constantly flows into them D. constantly flowing into them2. Tornadoes, powerful, destructive wind storms, occur most often in the spring when hot winds _ over flat land encounter heavy, cold air. A. which to rise B. that rising C. are rising D. rising3. In 1938 Pearl S. Buck became the first American woman _ the Nobel Prize for Literature.A. receive B. Received C. to receive D. she received4. The first explorer _ California by land was Strong Smith, a trapper who crossed the southwestern deserts of the United States in 1825.A. that he reached B. to reach C. reached D. reaching it 5. _ often found in fruit and vegetables.A. Vitamin C, a trace element that is B. For vitamin C, a trace element to be C. Vitamin C, a trace element, is D. Vitamin C, is that trace element6. The Amazon rain forests, _ the earths lungs, convert carbon dioxide in the atmosphere back into oxygen. A. functioning as B. which functioning asC. functions as D. functioned as7. Through a process _ coalescence, water droplets in clouds grow to a size large enough to fall to earth. A. calls B. to be called C. calling D. called8. Penicillin, _ in the early 20th century, brought in the golden age of chemotherapy.A. to be discovered B. discovering C. discovery was D. discovered9. The mouse, like the keyboard, is a control device _ to a computer.A. connected B. to connect it C. and connect D. that connect10. An amendment to the Constitution _ in Harry Trumans tenure limits the US presidency to two terms.A. passing B. to pass C. passed D. was passed11. A reagent is any chemical that reacts in a predictable way _ with other chemicals.A. when mixed B. when is mixed C. it mixed D. when mixing.12. A beam of light will not bend round corners unless _ to do so with the help of a reflecting device.A. made B. to be made C. being made D. having made13. As a general rule, snakes dont bite unless _.A. offended B. are offendedC. they offended D. offending14. She had said little so far, responding only briefly when _.A. speaking B. spoken C. speaking to D. spoken to15. _, his family moved to America.A. When still a baby B. When a baby stillC. When he was still a baby D. When being still a baby16. _ native to Europe, the daisy has now spread throughout most of North America. A. Although B. If it were C. In spite of D. That it is17. In its pure state antimony（锑） has no importance uses, but _ with other substances, it is an extremely useful metal. A. when combined physically or chemicallyB. combined physically or chemicallyC. the physical and chemical combinationD. It is combined physically and chemically18. Although pure diamond is colorless and transparent, _ with other material it may appear in various colors, ranging from pastels to opaque black.A. but when contaminated B. but when contaminatingC. when contaminated D. when contaminating19. _ classified as a carnivore（肉食动物）, the North American grizz