专四语法题纠错.doc

99年42. The three men tried many times to sneak across the border into the neighboring country, _ by the police each time. A. had been captured B. being always captured C. only to be captured D. unfortunately captured 44. Fat cannot change into muscle _ muscle changes into fat. A. any more than B. no less than C. no more than D. much more than An actor can not well play the role without life experience_more than a dancer can make a difference without much practice. A.any B.no C.not D.much选A，用can not.any more than.结构。现在来看看这个句子的结构1）英语比较结构的三种用法之一，表示同一个人或物不同方面的比较高考试题中出过一道类似的试题：教学既是一门科学，也是一门艺术：Teaching is as much an art as it is a science.2）表示不同的人或物不同方面的比较，比如“你的英语和我的汉语讲的一样棒”，You speak English as well as I speak Chinese.如果表示“舞蹈者经过训练才能有作为，同样地，演员有了生活经历才能演好一个角色”，应该这样说：An actor can play the role as much with life experiences as a dancer can make a difference with practice.改成否定句，就是An actor can not well play the role without life experiences any more than(或as much as) a dancer can make a difference without much practice.这里可以用cannot.as much as或cannot.more than，表达的意思一样：舞蹈者如果没有经过训练就不可能有作为，同样地，演员没有生活经历就不可能演好一个角色52. Much as _, I couldnt lend him the money because I simply didn t ha ve that much spare cash. A. I would have liked to B. I would like to have C. 1 should have to like D.1 should have liked to 00年56. This project would _ a huge increase in defense spending. A. result B. assure C. entail D. accomplish entail需要The work entails precision. 这工作需要精确无误。The house was very quiet, as it was on the side of a mountain.A. isolated B. isolating C. being isolated D. having been isolated( not know) _ her way home, the little girl cried.Totally _ (exhaust) by the journey, the boy fell asleep at once.01年46._I sympathize, I cant really do very much to help them out of the difficulties.A. As long asB. AsC. WhileD. Even【参考译文】尽管我对此很同情，但我的确不能做太多的事情来帮他们摆脱困境。【试题分析】本题为语法题，考查对让步状语从句的理解。【详细解答】 while意为“虽然”；as常引导原因状语从句；as long as意为“只要”；even意为“即使”。根据句意，选项C 为正确答案。50.You neednt worry _ regards the cost of the operation.A. withB. whichC. asD. about 50答案：C 【参考译文】你不必担心手术费用【试题分析】本题考查对固定搭配的掌握。【详细解答】在四个选项中，只有as可与regards搭配。as regards意为“关于，在方面，至于”等意思。once _ , this power station will supply all the neighboring towns and villages with electricity.A. it being completed B. it completed C. it was completed D. it completing 03年45. Does Alan like hamburgers? Yes. So much _ that he eats them almost every day. A.for B.as C.to D.so 52. He is quite worn out from years of hard work. He is not the man _ he was twenty years ago. A.which B.that C.who D.whom 04年44._ if I had arrived yesterday without letting you know beforehand?A. Would you be surprised B. Were you surprisedC. Had you been surprised D. Would you have been surprised45.If not _ with the respect he feels due to him, Jack gets very ill-tempered and grumbles all the time.A. being treated B. treatedC. be treated D. having been treated05年54. James has just arrived, but I didnt know he _ until yesterday.A. will come B. was coming C. had been coming D. came56. Because fuel supplies are finite and many people are wasteful, we will have to install _ solar heating device in our home.A. some type of B. some types of aC. some type of a D. some types of65. Children who stay away from school do _ for different reasons.A. them B. / C. it D. theirs63. _ you _ further problems with your printer, contact your dealerfor advice.A. If, had B. Have, had C. Should, have D. Incase, had52. If only I _play the guitar as well as you!A wouldB couldC shouldD mightIf only I were rich.但愿我很富.56Loudspeakers were fixed in the hall so that everyone_ an opportunity to hear the speech.A ought to have B must have C may have D shouldhave64It was C_ we had hopedA morea success than Ba success more than Cas much ofa success as Da success as much as07年60. He would have finished his college education, but he _C_ to quit and find a job to support his family.A. had had B. has C.had D. would have 53. “You _D_ borrow my notes provided you take care of them.” I told my friend.A.could B.should C.must D. can58.The committee has anticipated the problems that _D_ in the road construction project.A. arise B.will arise C.arose D. have arisen66. The painting he bought at the street market the other day was a _D_ forgery.A.man-made B.natural C.crude D. real70.The medical experts warned the authorities of the danger of disease in the _A_ of the earthquake.A.consequence B.aftermath C.result D. affect Life was much harder in the aftermath of the war.战祸之后，生活艰苦多了。71. This sort of rude behavior in public hardly _B_ a person in your position.A.becomes B.fits C.sopports D. improves78. We stood still, gazing out over the limitless _C_ of the desert.A. space B.expanse C.stretch D. land08年 69. The company has capitalized _ the error of judgment made by its business competitor. A. in B. over C. with D. on Capitalize on sb.s curiosity利用某人的好奇心英译汉中常见的重要短语及典型句型1(1) . not so much. as (but) . 与其说还不如说(2) . not so much that.as (but) that. 与其说还不如说(3) . not so much as. (=not even) 甚至于不，连也不(4) . might as well . as. 与其说还不如说例1：He is not so much a teacher as a scholar.译文：与其说他是老师，还不如说是学者。（注意翻译时动作的对象）例2：It wasnt so much his appearance I liked as his personality.译文：与其说我喜欢他的外表，不如说我喜欢他的品格。例3：Its not so much that I dont want to come but I just havent got the time.译文：倒不是因为我不想来，而是我根本没有时间。例4：He didnt so much as say thank you after all wed done for him.译文：我们为他干了那么多事，他甚至连谢谢都没有说一声。例5：You might as well throw your money into the sea as lend it to him.译文：与其将钱借给他，还不如把钱丢进大海。（注意翻译时动作的对象）注意：more . than . 1) she is more beautiful than her sister. 她比她姐姐漂亮。2) George is more intelligent than aggressive. 与其说乔治言行放肆，不如说他聪颖过人。以上第1)句是more. than结构的一般用法，即在两个不同的事物之间就同一方面作比较；而第2)句是就同一个人的两个不同方面作比较。因此要译成“与其说还不如说”。more.than结构在上述1) 2)两句中的用法也适用于less . than结构，得出相反的含义：例如：1) John is less daring than quick-witted. 与其说约翰胆大，不如说他脑子灵活。2) George was less intelligent than aggressive. 与其说乔治聪颖过人，不如说他言行放肆。2几个不定代词的固定搭配：have none of: 不参加；不准；不接受I will have none of your stupid ideas! 我才不接受你那愚蠢的想法！He was offered a job but he said hed have none of it. 他有一个工作机会，但他说他不接受。none but (=nothing but): 只有 (=only)None but the brave deserves the fair. 只有英雄才配得上美人。She chose none but the best. 她只选最好的。She is nothing but a child. 她只不过是个孩子。none other than: （表示惊讶）不是别人，正是 (= no one else but)Its none other than Tom! We thought you were in Africa.none the +比较级词+ for: 毫不，一点也不He spent 2 weeks in hospital but hes none the better for it.他在医院里待了两个星期，但一点也没好转。My car is none the worse for wear. 我的车子一点也没有损耗。none the wiser: 不知情If we take only one piece of cake, mother will be none the wiser.如果我们只拿一小块蛋糕，母亲是不会知道的。none too: (在形容词或副词前) 不太；一点都不The service in this restaurant is none too fast. 这家旅馆的服务一点效率都没有。anything but: 除-之外什么都（此处的but等于except）决不(=not at all)I eat anything but (except) fish. 除了鱼，我什么都吃。She is anything but a good cook. 她决不是个好厨师。(即：除了好厨师，她什么都是。)anything of: （疑问句/条件句）一点点；（否定句）一点也（没有）Is he anything of a poet? 他有一点点诗人的样子吗？I havent seen anything of him lately. 最近我没有见过他。for anything: (否定句)（给什么都）不，决不I wont go there for anything. 我决不去那里。or anything: （意味着还有其他的可能性）If Bernard wants to call me or anything, Ill be here all day. 如果伯纳德要找我或什么的，我整天都会在这儿。if anything: 若有任何不同的话If anything, my new job is harder than my old one. 要说有什么不同的话，我的新工作反而比旧工作要难些。or something: 或什么的（表示说话者不能肯定）She is a stewardess or something. 她是空姐或什么的。something like: 有点像，大约An airship is shaped something like a cigar. 飞船的形状有点像雪茄。something of a.: 多少有点，有几分像，略懂hes something of a book collector. 他有几分像书籍收藏家。something to / in: （叙述等）有些道理Theres something to / in what you say; Ill take your advice. 你说的有些道理，我会接受你的建议have / be something to do with: 与有关I think Guy Fawkes had / was something to do with a plan to blow up the bridge.我想盖佛克跟图谋炸毁桥梁有关。nothing but (= none but = only): 仅仅，只不过We could see nothing but fog. 除了雾之外我们什么也看不见。for nothing: 免费的； 徒劳的； 无缘无故的She got the ticket for nothing. 她免费得到那张票。All our preparation for nothing! No ones even come to the party. 我们为宴会所作的准备都白费了! 连一个人都没来。They quarreled for nothing. 他们无缘无故地争吵。make nothing of: (常和can一起用)不理解；不重视,轻视 (= think nothing of)I could make nothing of the passage. 我不理解这篇文章。He makes / thinks nothing of working ten hours a day. 他不在乎一天工作十小时。to say nothing of: 更不用说（= not to mention / without mentioning）Three people were badly hurt, to say nothing of damage to the building. 三个人受了重伤，建筑物的损害更不用说了。have nothing to do with: 与无关I have nothing to do with the accident. 我与这场事故无关。nothing if not: 格外地；非常地 (= very / much / extremely)He was nothing if not clever. (= He was very clever.) 他格外聪明。nothing of: 无的部分；无的气质There was nothing of the lady in her behavior. 她的举止根本没有淑女的气质。区别：all but 几乎，差一点，除以外其余都是but for要不是but that+从句：若不是例1：She all but fainted when she heard the news.译文：她听到这一消息时几乎晕倒了。注：此句中a11 but意为nearly，almost。试对比：All but the little children thought that the trip was exciting译文：除了小孩，大家都认为这次旅行是激动人心的。此句中all but意为a11 except。例2：But for the rain we should have a pleasant journey.译文：要不是下雨，我们的旅行本来是愉快的。例3：He would have helped us but that he was short of money at the time.译文：若不是他那时缺钱，他是会帮助我们的。注1)but that引导的从句中谓语用陈述语气。2)but that有灵活的译法。如：Nothing would satisfy that child but that I place her on my lap(那孩子什么都不要，只要我把她抱在怀里。)3“名词+or+名词”结构中or后的名词是同位语，应译为“即；或者称”例1：Moreover, technology includes techniques, or ways to do things, as well as the machines that may or may not be necessary to apply them.译文：再者，除机器外技术还包括技艺，即制作方法，而动用这些技艺并不一定都需要机器。 4“only + to do”意为“，结果却”，即表示与句子谓语动作的目的相反的结果。例1: They dont have to pay for expensive seats at the theatre, the cinema or the opera, onlyto discover, perhaps, that the show is disappointing. 译文：他们不必花钱去戏院、电影院或歌剧院买价格很贵的票，（如果去了，）结果却可能发现，所演的节目令人失望。 例2: They hurried there only to find the meeting canceled. 译文：他们匆匆忙忙赶到那儿，结果却发现会议被取消了。5not more / -er than 与 no more / -er than 结构比较：John is not better than Tom.John is no better than Tom.前一句表示“约翰不比汤姆好”，属于普通的比较结构；后一例用了no 情况就不同了。no better than 相当于as bad as，含义是两人一样坏。这里，“no + 形容词或副词比较级 + than”所表示的可以说是该形容词或副词的反意。例如： no richer than = as poor as 和一样穷no bigger than = as small as 和一样小no later than = as early as 和一样早同样地：I have not taken more than six courses this semester.I have taken no more than six courses this semester.前一句的含义是本学期选的课不多于六门；后一句的含义是只选了六门。强调“少”。上述结构与表示前后都否定的no more.than (= not.any more than)又有所不同：例：A whale is no more a fish than a horse is.（鲸和马同样不是鱼。）另外，在某些结构中，单独使用more than 也能表示否定概念：例1：That is more than I can tell. 我简直不能说。例2：My trip to Beijing is more than sightseeing. 我去北京不仅仅是旅游观光而已。6no more.than. (= not.any more than) 和样都不(表示前后都否定)例1：The heart is no more intelligent than the stomach, for they are both controlled by the brain. 心脏和胃一样都无智力可言，因为它们都是由大脑控制的。例2：There is no reason they should limit how much vitamin you take, any more than they can limit how much water you drink 译文：他们没有理由限制你服用多少维他命，就像他们不能限制你喝多少水一样。例3：More and more Afro-Americans see him as a tricky enemy who has no more love for them than he has for the Congolese译文：越来越多的美国黑人认识到他是个诡计多端的敌人。他仇视美国黑人，正像他仇视刚果人民一样。(直译：，他不爱美国黑人，正像他不爱刚果人一样。)注释：not.any more than是no more.than的一种强调形式。例如：1) Jack is no more intelligent than John. (=Jack is not intelligent any more than John.)杰克与约翰一样都不聪明。2) A man can no more fly than a bird can speak. (=A man cannot fly any more than a bird can speak.) 人不会飞翔，就像鸟不会说话一样。3) As a nation, the French are no more eager to 1earn about their wartime failings than are the Japanese. (=As a nation，the French are not eager to learn about their wartime failings any more than are the Japanese.) 作为一个国家，法国正如日本一样不积极地从他们的战争失败中吸取教训。 上述例句表明，no more.than并不表示比较，而是表示比喻，含有比喻意义的比较级用于否定时，than后面的从句不用否定式，但译成汉语时要用否定式。而与上述句型意义相反的是：no less.than，意为：“和同样是”。例如：Human is no less an animal than a monkey is. 人和猴都是动物。 而no less than 的意思为：“简直是，实在是”，例如：1) It is no less than blackmail to ask such a high price. 如此索要高价，简直是敲诈。2) It is no less than a scandal. 这实在是一件丑闻。7not nearly (=by no means，far from) 远不例1: The food supply will not increase nearly enough to match this, which means that we are heading into a crisis in the matter of producing and marketing food. 译文：食品供应将远远赶不上人口的增长，这就意味着我们在粮食的生产和购销方面正面临危机。 注：1) this是指上面提到的“到21世纪初世界人口将增加到60亿或70亿”。2) 又如：There are not nearly enough people here to do the job(这里的人手远远不够承担这项工作。)8“更不用说”的表示法：much lessstill less以上两短语引导的词组或从句，表示一种追加的否定，less是由little的比较级，所以这两个词组只能用于否定句中，可译为“更不用说，更不必 99年53 My cousin likes eating very much, but he isnt very _ about the f ood he e ats. A. special B. peculiar C. particular D. specific A locution or pronunciation peculiar to the southern US. 美国南方特有的发音或者语言风格。be particular about 对于很认真,一点也不马虎You shall not be so particular about what you wear. 你不该对穿着这么讲究。62. The local authorities realized the need to make _for elderly people in their housing programmes. A. preparation B. requirement C. specification D. provision 00年42. This is an illness that can result in total blindness _ left untreated. A. after B. if C. since D.unless 49. All of us would have enjoyed the party much more if there_ quite such a crowd of people there. A. werent B. hasnt been C. hadnt been D. wouldnt be 50. Firms that use computers have found that the number of staff _ that is in need of quality control can be substantially reduced. A.whose B.as C.what D.that 63. You must let me have the annual report without _ by ten ocl ock tomorrow morning. A. failure B. hesitation C. trouble D. fail without fail 必定, 一定I will give you a present on your birthday without fail.你生日时我一定送你一份礼物。01年42.Even as a girl, _to be her life, and theater audiences were tobe her best teacher.A. performing by Melissa wereB. it was known that Melissas performances wereC. knowing that Melissas performances wereD. Melissa knew that performing was 47.The patients progress was very encouraging as he could _ get out of bed without help.A. nearlyB. hardlyC. merelyD. barely56.Being colour-blind, Sally cant make a _between red and green.A. differenceB. distinctionC. comparisonD. division 58. In order to raise money,Aunt Nicola had to _with some of her most treasured possessions.A. divide B. separate C. part D. abandon.part with 失去, 卖掉付出; 与分开The miser doesnt like to part with his money.守财奴舍不得花他的钱。63. Although he has become rich, he is still very _ of his money.A. economic B. thrifty C. frugal D. careful 64. As the manager was away on a business trip, I was asked to _the weekly staff meeting.A. preside B. introduce C. chair D. dominate 63答案：C【参考译文】尽管富裕了，他还是很节俭。【试题分析】本题为形容词词义及用法辨析题。【详细解答】 economic意为“经济的”，常用作定语，直接修饰中心词，不与介词搭配；thrifty意为“节俭的；节省的”，常与with搭配；frugal意为“节约的；俭朴的”，既可做前置定语，也可作表语，后与of搭配；careful意为“小心的”。故选项C为正确答案。64答案：C【参考译文】由于经理出差，我受命主持每周的职工大会。【试题分析】本题为动词词义及用法辨析题。【详细解答】 preside和chair都可作“主持会议”讲，但preside需与介词at或over搭配使用，chair则可直接跟会议；introduce意为“介绍”；dominate意为“支配，控制”。根据句意，选项C为正确答案.02年47. She managed to save_she could out of her wages to help her brother. A. how little money B. so little money C. such little money D. what little money 57. The party s reduced vote was _ of lack of support for its policies.A. indicative B. positive C. revealing D. evident 58. There has been a_ lack of communication between the union and the management.A. regretful B. regrettable C. regretting D. regretted Felt regretful over his vanished youth; regretful over mistakes she had made. 为他逝去的青春感到遗憾；为她所犯的错误感到后悔。It is regrettable that he doesnt follow your instruction. 很可惜，他没有按照你的指示办。61. The new colleague_to have worked in several big corporations before he joined our company.A. confesses B. declares C claims D. confirms confirm vt.证实, 证明; 肯定, 确认We have confirmed the report.我们证实了那则报道。confess vt. & vi.承认, 供认The criminal soon confessed.罪犯很快就供认了。declare vt.宣布, 宣告; 声明He declared that the meeting has been postponed.他宣布会议已延期了。confirmHe claimed that he had done the work without help.他声称没有得到帮助而完成了这项工作。65. Scientific research results can now be quickly_ to factory production.A. used B. applied C tried D. practiced 03年42. Jack _from home for two days now, and I am beginning to worry about his safety.A.has been missing B.has been missedC.had been missing D.was missed 44. Who_ was coming to see me in my office this afternoon? A.you said B.did you say C.did you say that D.you did say 48. Time _, the celebration will be held as scheduled. A.permit B.permitting C.permitted D.permits If time permits, the celebration will be held as scheduled.49. _ I like economics,