英语书信作文.doc

1投 诉 信 投诉信又叫抱怨信，其主要目的是表达写信人对某一情况的不满。Task: You live in a room in college which you share with another student. You find it very difficult to work there because your roommate always has friends visiting. He/she has parties in the room and sometimes borrows your things without asking you.Write a letter to the Accommodation Officer at the college and ask for a new room next term. You would prefer a single room. Explain your reasons. 这就是一封典型的投诉信，所有的投诉信都有一个共同点，就是最终是要收信人解决问题，要解决问题就应当提出解决的方案。从解决问题的角度来看，这类信的命题方式有两种，一种是在题目的情景设置里面已经提供了解决的方案，如在上面这道例题中，命题者就已经提供了解决的方案，要求下学期换一间宿舍而且最好是一个单间。另外一种题目的场景中并没有提供解决方案，考生就应当在信中给出自己的解决方案，而且所提出的解决方案应当是与投诉的内容相关，对某一点不满就针对某一点提出解决方案。写作策略： ：首段：说明与收信人的相关性，表明写作意图。 主体段落：写明投诉的原因，要展开说明，可以说具体的理由也可以说问题的具体体现方式。比如说要投诉暖气设备出了问题，就不能只是说暖气坏了，不供暖了，你可以说暖气停止运作后带来了什么样的影响，因为天气太冷既没有办法学习也无法睡觉，同时还患上了 流感。这样展开就使信件的内容显得充实丰满，也符合正常交际的习惯。 结尾段：提出解决方案，不须展开。此段应体现书信的礼貌原则，应当有类似“如你能，我将万分感谢”的话语，这也是投诉信最能体现礼貌原则的地方。 Test Tips：怎么在投诉信的字数方面有所突破? 书信部分常常会出现字数不够的情况，因为书信是根据已知信息写作，而单单表述题目中提供的内容又远达不到字数要求。在投诉信中最易操作和最有效的办法是将题目提供的内容进行拓展，通常是在第二段对具体理由的体现形式进行拓展，仍以上文中的 例题为例，写到同屋的人经常开晚会，就可以在后面多写一点：他她不是两三个月才开一次晚会，他她是每个礼拜就开两三次，而且每次都要到半夜两三点，或者说他她经常未征得我的同意就使用我的东西，可以继续拓展说我找什么都找不到，最后发现全都在他她那里。这样一来不仅在字数方面可以轻松达到题目要求，而且文章也生动起来。 范文解析： 范文 Dear Sir or Madam, I am writing to inform you that I wish to move into a new room next term. I would prefer a single room, as I find the present sharing arrangement inconvenient. I must explain that the reason for my dissatisfaction is my roommates inconsiderate behavior. For one thing, his friends are constantly visiting him; for another, he regularly holds noisy parties. In addition, he sometimes borrows my things without asking me. In these circumstances, I find it difficult to concentrate on my studies, and I am falling behind in my assignments. I am sure you will agree that the only solution is for me to move into a room of my own, where I will be free from such distractions. Therefore, I would be grateful if you could find a single room for me, preferably not in the same building but as near to the college campus as possible. Yours sincerely, Janice Kennedy 解析 文章的第一段说明写信的目的“I am writing to in for you”，这种说话的语气比较客气委婉，并没有直接说要投诉，这就表明交际时对对方的一种尊重。第二段解释要求换房的原 因，其实这里就是把题目所提供的情况用自己的话再陈述一遍，因为书信是要考生根据已知 信息写作，考生必须把题目中所提供的信息全部包括在文章中，同时应当适当地展开。既然是投诉信，最后一定是要解决问题的，在最后一段提出解决的方案，要换一个单间， 而且不要和现在的宿舍在一幢楼上，还要离学校近一些。在最后一段体现出书信的礼貌原 则，“I would be grateful if you could”，这种礼貌性的语言在投诉信中必须出现。同时这句话还是一个复杂句，体现出句型多变的要求。Dear Mr. President, My name is Li Ming. I am a sophomore of the law school. As the school year is drawing to a close, I venture to write a letter to you about the canteen service on campus which has given rise to much complaint among students. The focus of the complaint is the poor quality of the food. The rice is just like bullets and the buns are like hand grenades. They are too hard for us to chew. And the vegetables are so overcooked as to lose their nutrients. The fish and meat are not given full measure. The only thing we are satisfied with is the free soup. However, the price of the food is surprisingly high. If we have 3 meals all in the canteen, at least twenty yuan is gone to keep our body and soul together. As a result, many of us go out to have meals. Honestly speaking, the dining environment has been improved, with the wall painted and some Chinese calligraphy works posted up. But there are only two canteens on the campus. As the number of students is ever increasing, there is not enough space and seats to allow us to have our meals there. The attitude of the service staff to the students is not hospitable at all. All in all, there is still much room for improvement as far as the canteen service is concerned. I hope we will not suffer for another two years.Best regards.Sincerely Yours Li Ming Dear President, Im LiMing. I venture to write to you and unveil the existing problems of the library under your charge.We exhaust our patience to look for items related to our major on shelves crammed with outdated shabby books. Most of them should be weeded out. The newly published counterparts need to be purchased, displayed and circulated. The library armed with these fresh books enables us to track the newest information concerning scientific discoveries and scholarly accomplishment.Besides, we all suffer the dim light and the absence of air conditioner in the reading room. This intolerably terrible scenario pressing needs improving. The newly introduced library system is to be updated, for its search engine skips some valuable materials.We are waiting for your response to these problems.Best regards. Sincerely yours, Li Ming 2询 问 信 询问信的主要目的是寻求所需的信息. 例：As part of a student social survey project, you are organizing a group to visit a historical exhibition in a small town. Write a letter asking for information regarding such things as the contents of the exhibition, and the dates of its opening and closing, and if there are any discounts available.写作策略： 首段：简述题目场景，表明写作意图，说明写这封信的目的是要寻求什么样的信息。与投诉信不同，询问信的礼貌原则应当体现在第一段。通常的表述是：如果你能提供下面的信息我会十分感激。这句话通常既表明了写作意图又体现了礼貌原则。 主体段落：询问具体问题。如果某个问题较为重要，可以单独占一个段落。 结尾段：表明获取信息的急切心情，提供联系方法以便收信人与你联系，再次对收信人 能提供信息表示感谢，体现礼貌原则。 询问信中还应特别注意句式原则，在询问问题时所使用的疑问句应当与口语中常用的、 疑问句式有明显不同，应使用“Would you please tell me”之类的正式疑问句式。 Test Tips：如何在询问信中解决字数不够的问题? 在询问信中要突破字数这一关，考生可以从询问的具体问题人手。可以问一些与命题 所设置的问题相关的内容，也就是说可以多问题目中并没有提供的问题，但基本的原则是它 们与题目本身要求获取的信息是有相关性的。第二，考生也可以将自己认为重要的问题单 列一段，将其内容脏弛乙第三，考生可以结合虚拟的自身情况提出问题，假设自身的情况并据此提出相关的问题。范文解析：范文Dear Sir, I am organizing a group of students to pay a visit to the historical exhibition in your town. This visit will be part of our schools activities to encourage the students to take part in social surveys. Therefore, I would be grateful if you could supply me with the following information. First of all, what are the dates between which the exhibition will be held, and what are the daily opening hours? Secondly, what is the size of the exhibition, what is its theme and what objects are on display? Thirdly, are there any other activities being held in connection with the exhibition? I must point out that I hope to bring over students to the exhibition. So I would like to inquire if there is any discount available on entrance tickets for students. If so, how much is the discount and what is the minimum number of students necessary to qualify for it? I look forward to your reply. Yours sincerely, George Moore解析 文章在第一段就表明了与收信人的相关性：我要组团去你们镇上参观历史展览，所以要 写信向你询问一些问题。询问信的礼貌原则应当在第一段就体现出来，因此在第一段的末 尾有这样一句话：I would be grateful if you could supply me with the following information.这句话在询问信中一定要出现。 在询问信中一定要将题目所提到的所有问题全部问到，绝不要漏掉任何一个问题，否则会失分，这一点要特别注意。文章的第二段除了询问题目规定的问题即开放的日期和时间外，还问了其他一些相关的问题，这是在询问信中突破字数要求的一个有效策略。同时第二段中还用了衔接手段，显得条理清楚。 接下来在第三段询问是否有折扣，但在问之前先提供背景：我会组织一百多名学生来参观，这样就很自然地过渡到问门票对学生是否有折扣，要多少人才会有折扣。 询问信的最后一段一定要对收信人表明会期待他的回信，因为询问必须得到反馈才能获取所需的信息。 在询问信中还要注意问问题的方式，不能一直用同一种句式。在这里要体现书信的句式原则，要记一些常用的疑问句句型。 3请 求 信 请求信是对收信人提出请求，希望对方满足该请求。请求信和询问信有一点相似，就是两者都要向对方提出某种要求并请对方给予答复。而两者的不同则在于询问信的核心是要询问信息，重点要写清楚询问的内容，收信人要提供信息则大多是自身职责所在，应当为咨询者提供所需的信息；请求信的核心却是请求他人做某事的原因，重点是要写清楚为什么要请求他人做某事，大多数情况下写信人是无中生有，为收信人制造一些麻烦。写作策略： 首段：说明写作意图，要提出什么样的请求。 主体段落：说明请求的原因，应具体展开。结尾段：表示希望对方回复，并在此处体现礼貌原则，常用句式：“I am sorry for any inconveniences I have caused by this change in plans”例：You find that your study load is too heavy. Write a letter to your college teacher explaining why you need to withdraw from two courses. Ask if it is possible to obtain a refund.范文解析：范文Dear Prof. James,I am writing to formally request to withdraw from two courses: Introduction to Elementary Education (EDU 602) and Teaching Methods (EDU 619).The main reason for reducing my course load is that I am finding it extremely difficult to manage six courses. In the beginning of the term, I was perhaps overly optimistic about juggling both my full-time studies and my part-time job (20 hours/week). Because I really must work part time, I have no other choice but to decrease my course load. I am planning on taking the two courses during the summer semester, if they are available, so that I will be able to complete all the courses for the degree program by the following year.I would also like to request a tuition refund, and hope I am not too late to receive the full reimbursement. I am sorry for any inconveniences I have caused by this change in plans. This decision was not taken lightly, and I do appreciate the kind consideration you have shown to me.Thank you for your attention to these requests. If you have any questions, please feel free to contact me at 277-9144. I look forward to hearing from you soon.Sincerely yours,Jane Carter解析 首先文章采用齐头式的格式，给人清新整齐、层次分明的感觉。范文中写了收信人的地址，在正式的考试中是无须写的。 首段说明写作意图：I am writing to formally request withdraw from two courses，我是写信来请求正式撤消两门课程的，下面具体说是哪两门课。 第二段说明撤消课程的理由，下面对具体的理由具体展开。 第三段提出如果时间允许，希望能够退款。到此题目要求的写作任务已全部完成，但紧 接着后面就说I am sorry for any inconveniences I have caused b this change in plans(对于这一计划上的变动引起的任何不方便，我感到很抱歉)，这体现出书信的礼貌原则。第四段再次体现礼貌原则，并留下联系的方式，以便对方回复。 4道 歉 信 道歉信的目的是向收信人表明歉意，请求对方对自己的某种过失表示谅解。 写作策略： 首段：表明写作意图，对某事表示歉意。 主体段落：说明道歉的具体原因，应展开。 结尾段：再次表明歉意，请求收信人的谅解。在结尾段还可以建议对自己的过失采取何 种补救措施。 题目 One of your pen pals will shortly be visiting your city. For some reasons, you can not manage to meet him at the airport on time.Write a letter asking him to wait for you at the airport and tell him how to identify you.范文解析：范文Dear Mary, I am very much looking forward to your visit to my city. Just think: after all these years of writing to each other, we will finally have the chance to meet! However, I regret to inform you that I will not be able to meet you at the airport as soon as you arrive. The reason is that your flight will arrive early in the morning, and the quickest I can get to the airport will be about an hour after you land. Please wait for me in the arrival lounge. You should be able to have breakfast there while you wait. By the way, as we have never met I must tell you how to recognize me: I am of medium height and have a small mustache. In addition, I will be carrying a copy of the morning newspaper tucked under my left arm. Looking forward to our first meeting. Yours sincerely, Harry 解析 这篇文章将引入一个核心概念，前面所讲的书信全部是写给团体组织或其负责人的，因 此都属于正式文体，而这封道歉信是写给个人的，采用的是半正式的文体。半正式的文体应 该使用什么样的语言?这篇范文给我们提供了很好的示例。 这篇文章的题目要求已不是单纯的道歉，同时它还要求考生告诉收信人如何在机场找 到对方，这表明雅思考试的题目要求已开始向多功能过渡。 首先来看文章的称呼语，尽管这封信是写给一个从未见过面的笔友，但两人的关系是朋 友，在称呼时就应当直呼其名，如果用全名Dear Mary Smith就会拉开收信人与写信人的 距离。称呼的远近亲疏同样也表明两个人的关系的亲密程度，这是一个细节问题，应引起注意。 第一段有这样一个短语Just think“想象一下”，在写给团体组织或机构的信中绝不会使用这种带有情感色彩的表达方式，这句话结尾为表示激动的心情还使用了感叹号，这在正 式的文体中也不会出现。第一段对不能赶去机场表示歉意。 第二段解释原因：你的航班到得很早，而我最快也要在你到达大约一小时后才能到机 场，因此你最好在休息大厅等我，最好自己先吃早饭。接下来文章在第三段又出现一个非正式的语言标志。By the way“顺便说一下”，这个表达法本身比较不正式，“顺便说一下你怎么找到我”。文章的最后一段只有一句话Looking forward to our first meeting.这句话是省略句，在写给团体组织的信中是不会使用这种说法的。 为什么雅思考试中要考生采用半正式(semi-formal)的文体，而不直接采用非正式的文体呢?因为在这种情况下，雅思考试的意图是测试考生是否对正式和非正式两种文体都比较熟悉，文章主体上应当是正式的，其中有几个地方表明文章的非正式性就可以了。这篇文章中就使用jus tthink，by the way和looking forward to our first meeting这几个非正式的表达在正式的文体中加以点缀，使其变成了半正式文体。一般来说一封信中有三到五个非正式的语言表达就可以使正式文体转变成半正式文体，如果超过的话就会变成非正式文体，文体的选择就会出现错误。这时考生要注意把握。 5感 谢 信 感谢信是对收信人的某一行为表示感谢。写作策略： 感谢信带有浓厚的感情色彩，具有比较浓的人情味，因此可操作性不是太强。考生即便学习了一篇范文，但对另外一道此类题目也有可能不知该从何人手。实际上感谢信(还包括表扬信)从内容上恰恰与投诉信相反，因此可以直接套用投诉信的写法，只须将投诉信主体段落对投诉理由的具体说明改为对感谢或表扬理由的具体说明即可。雅思考试曾经有两道考题正好可以说明感谢信的写作策略。一道题目说你在一个旅馆住了一段时间，但方方面面都不尽人意，回家后你和家人都闹肚子，请你写一封投诉信。而另外一道题则是说你在一家旅馆住了一段时间，在那里度过了一段美好的时光，请你写一封感谢信。这两封信在主体段落上都可以从几个方面对该旅馆进行投诉或感谢，都可以从服务、饮食卫生、客房环境等几个方面来说明投诉或感谢的理由，只须将投诉信的不满改为感谢信的满意即可。由此可知，只要掌握了投诉信的写法，感谢信也应当是手到擒来。例：After being involved in an accident, you were looked after by another person. Write a specialletter to express your thanks.范文解析：范文Dear John, I am writing to express my heartfelt gratitude. I am referring to that unfortunate accident the other day, when I was knocked off my bike by a taxi. If it had not been for yourtimely assistance in giving me first aid and taking me to a nearby hospital, I fear that the consequences might have been much more serious. The doctor says that my broken leg is healing well, and the bruises and cuts I suffered will soon be completely better. In addition, the taxi company has agreed to pay my hospital bills. Everyone agrees that it was your quick-witted response in that emergency that has led to this satisfactory outcome. Although nowadays many people talk about the need to be unselfish and to help others, we see very few people practicing what they preach. But you showed by your selfless action that you are an exception. If there were more people like you, this world would be a much nicer place. Yours sincerely, Ted解析 首先从称呼语来说感谢信是不能够写Dear Sir or Madam，因为如果别人照顾过你，你却连他的名字都不知道，这显然是不合逻辑的。 第一段表明写作目的，并对事故的情景做具体描述。第二段说明感谢的具体原因。最后一段发表自己的议论。 感谢信一般带有浓厚的情感色彩，有着比较浓的人情味，因此从语言角度不是很容易把握。迄今为止感谢信在中国只考过一次。考生在学习此篇范文时应着重学习它的语言。 6建 议 信 建议信是对收信人就某一问题提出建议和衷告。写作策略： 首段：表明与收信人的相关性，表明写作意图。 主体段落：针对情况提出具体建议或衷告。 结尾段：总结建议。这类题考生应特别注意，虽然只考过一次，但是这一类题却十分容易写跑题。因为这一类题的内容与第二道题即议论文写作题的内容很相似，稍不留意就有可能写成“我认为一二三，所以要如何如何”。应当时刻记住书信是一种交际手段，要时刻考虑到收信人读这封信时的感受，在雅思考试中就是要时时考虑考官在阅卷时的感受。特别是在给对方建议的时候应当时时说到I和you，要让阅卷人时刻感觉到这是一种交流。具体如何达到这一效果，在下面的范文解析中会详细说明。例：You have a friend who is about to enter university, and he wants you to advise him on which subject to specialize in-history, in which he is very interested, or computer science, which offers better job prospects.范文解析：范文Dear John, You have asked me or my advice concerning whether you should study history or computer science at university, and I will try to make some useful suggestions. You must keep in mind that, above all, your university training is a preparation for your future career. Therefore, your first consideration should be to study a subject which will best equip you to earn a living. There is no doubt that the field of computers offers far wider job opportunities than history. Besides, we are now in the age of the high-technology revolution. For the foreseeable future, not only will it be necessary for everyone to be computer-literate, it will also be necessary for them to be equipped with computer skills merely to earn a living! History, Im afraid, however fascinating it may be, offers few career prospects. Of course, you dont have to devote all your time at university to studying computers and nothing else. On the contrary, I would recommend that you keep up your reading of history in your spare time. That way, you will find that your leisure hours are enriched while you prepare yourself for a worthwhile career in computers. Yours sincerely, James 建议信也比较特殊，因为只要将题目稍加变动就可以变为另外一道题目。例如我们将范文的题目做这样的改动：一些人认为应当选择自己感兴趣的学科，另一些人则认为应选择能找到工作的学科，你怎么看待这个问题，这显然是一篇典型小议论文，也就是雅思作文的Task2。那么这篇范文如何避开将书信写成小议论文的误区呢? 范文第一段说明写信人与收信人的相关性和写作意图：因为与收信人是朋友，所以称呼是Dear John，因为you have asked me(你曾经问过我)，所以才会写这封信给你提些建议。 第二段开头说you must keep in mind that(你应当记住)，如果把这句话删去，再把本段中所有的代词your换成ones，这一段就变成了Task 2中的一段，因此我们说在写建议信时应当始终提到对方，让读信的人(即考官)感觉到仿佛是在与他进行一次面对面的交流。这一段是说大学教育是为未来事业做准备，因此要选一个最适合谋生的职业，而计算机的就业机会大大超过历史专业。 第三段从另一个角度说明计算机专业的优势。这一段中的Im afraid(我恐怕)这一插入语是非正式文体的语言标志。第四段中的You dont have to这一句也采用了缩略形式。 写建议信时一定要注意不要按Task 2的写法来写，要始终让对方感觉到他的存在，感 觉到这是一场双方的交流。 7求 职 信 求职信是写信人就某一职位向收信人提出请求。 写作策略： 首段：说明写作意图。 主体段落：介绍相关工作经历及本人个性，以表明你可以胜任这个职位。 结尾段：表示感谢和期待。求职信比较容易把握，而且也非常实用，所以考生应当熟练掌握。例：You want to apply for the following job. Write a letter to Mr. Moore describing your previousexperience and explaining why you would be suitable for the job.范文解析：范文Dear Mr. Moore, Re: Waitress positionI am writing to express my interest in your recently advertised position for a waitress. Enclosed with this letter is my resume, which further details my previous work experience and qualifications.Not only do my qualifications and work experience make me a perfect candidate for the job, my personality is well suited to working as a waitress. I am a very friendly person who can quickly establish rapport with people of all ages. In my last waitressing job, I had over a dozen repeat customers each day. And, the fast-paced environment of waiting on tables suits me well, because I thrive on working under pressure. In fact, my former boss was surprised at both my incredible stamina and efficiency in dealing with customers orders.I would like to meet with you at your earliest convenience, to discuss the possibility of working at your restaurant. I can be reached at 463 - 9234 during the days and 924 6868 after 6 p. m.Thank you for your consideration of my application. I look forward to meeting y