“雨露计划”的做法与成效.doc

“雨露计划”的做法与成效 The methodsand effectingof Bounty Plan-case studyon the labor migrationin the poverty areas in ChinaThe policiesand regulationsteam of the state council leading group office of poverty alleviation and development1.The backgroundof Bounty Plan1.1Since thereform andopening,with therapid economicdevelopment,the improvingproductivity levelin rural areas;faster industrializationand urbanization,a lotof rural labors enterinto nonagricultural filedfor employment.And this kind oflabor flowhas beeimportant channelfor promotingthe coordinateddevelopment betweenruralareas and urban areas.But,these years,the supplyand demandcondition oflabor haschanged a lot.One hand,there islarge demandin eastareas withdeveloped manufacturingindustry and the enterprisecannot employenough staff.In otherhand,the laborswith loweducation leveland notraining ofcapacity thatlive in the middleor westareas can not findjobs.1.2China RuralPoverty Reductionand DevelopmentProgram(xx-xx)proposed thatto improve the prehensivequality of the massespecial sci-tech qualityis animportant measureto increasethe economicine of poverty populationand abasic approachto enrichthe poverty population.All the government staffshould takethe qualitytraining of farmerssci-tech as the importantwork for the poverty alleviation and development andenlarge laborexport.It is also necessaryto strengthenthe professional skills trainingof the labors livingthe poverty areasandguide the labors flowhealthily andorderly.1.3Aording to the statisticalanalysis,there still13million surplus labors in the poverty areasin China.Besides,there areabout2.5million laborsgenerated every year.It beesurgent andimportant issuefor poverty alleviation and development.1.4.Inxx,seven ministriesincluding Ministry of Agricultureand Ministry of Financeissued nationalpeasants engineeringof training inxxxxtogether.(the SunshineProgram in national rurallabor emigration)Sincexx,the state council leading group office of poverty alleviation and development callsall theskill trainingof poverty households asBounty Planat itscall.2.The theme;subjects andgoals of Bounty Plan2.1The themeThe themeis toimprovethe quality;to enhanceemployment andcapability ofentrepreneurship underthis rule:guided by thegovernmentand participatedby thesociety.The approachcan beposite ofprofessional;education entrepreneurshiptraining and the practicalskills training in order to promoteemigration employmentand helpthe youngadultsfarmers to solve the practical embarrassment.Ultimately,the economicdevelopment in poverty areascan developwell and the ineof povertypopulation canincrease quickly.2.2Subjects There are threetypes of them:the youngadults(16-45age)with archivesand cardin the work of poverty alleviation;the veteransin the poverty householdsincluding technicalsergeant;the villagecadres in the keyvillages of poverty alleviationas well as theable persons2.3Goals In the period of theEleventh-Five-Year Plan(xx-xx),the goalis tohelp about5million youngadults farmersand0.2million veteransin the poverty areas to realize the employmentsuessfully.15thousand villagecadres andable persons can bee the leadingforce of the constructionof newsocialist countryside.At least one personfrom poverty family can master1or2kinds ofagricultural producingtechniques withsci-tech contentthrough agriculturalpractical techniques.3.The mainmethods ofBounty Plan3.1Felting out the basenumber andestablishing theprogram Scincexx,all levelsof poverty reduction departmenthas carried outthework ofconstructing archivesand laborresource survey.They hasfelted outthe conditionsof laborsin povertypopulation.Based on the survey,the planfor labor emigration training in the poverty areas (xx)has beenestablished,which proposedthat atleastonelabor fromevery povertyfamily aeptthe trainning.3.2Enhancing the demonstration and perfect thework The statecouncil leading group office of poverty alleviation and developmenthas cognized30national training bases asthedemonstrationplot in order topromote the labor transferin the poverty areas.Together with2323trainingbasescognized bylocal poverty reduction system,a trainingwork overthe poverty areas hasformed.The basesof thestatecouncilleadinggroup office of poverty alleviation anddevelopmentProvincial basesCounty basestotal Hebei129101131Shanxi176977Inner Mongolia124238263Liaoning11819Jilin112830Heilongjiang17879JiangsuxxZhejiang16245252Anhui135108144Fujian11Jiangxi1264471Shandong178Henan134281316Hubei1106980Hunan15118124Guangdong11011Guangxi146065Hainan111820Chongqing1333872Sichuan281140223Guizhou155965Yunnan18485Tibet11Shaanxi14344Gansu1207192Qinghai12223Ningxia110516Xinjiang178Total30600169323233.3Increase inputand reinforcethe managementGovernment at all levelsshould increaseinput oflabor emigration trainingin the poverty areas.We requirethe fundused in the labor emigration trainingachieve more than10%of thepovertyalleviationfund fromcentral government.Inxx,the fundused in the labor emigration trainingin poverty areas achievednearly1billion.Other inputapproaches such as loanfund and social fundhave beendeveloped as well asthe financialinput.The trainingmode:loan for training andget-rich throughemployment Theexisted subsidyfor all the costof poverty laborstraining is not enoughbecause of the limitedfinancial subsidy.In ordertosolvethis problem,Yichang city in Hubei province as wellasChengde city in Hebeiprovince hasdeveloped the training model:loan for training andget-rich throughemployment.The leadinggroup office ofpovertyalleviation anddevelopment togetherwith financialdepartment and banks inYichang cityhas establishedthe measureson loanfor labor emigration trainingfor thepurpose ofoffer morechances for thepoverty labors.Sincexx,the financialdepartments at city levelsupply800thousand Yuanasthe guarantee fundsfor the loan oflabor training.And thenthe training schools extendloan to200poverty trainees and theloan periodlast twoyears withinterest subsidyoffered bythe leadinggroupofficeofpovertyalleviationanddevelopment.After the contract betweentrainees andschool,the school will callin theloan fromtraineeswages.The lostof thisloan witha recoverybelow93%will beafforded bythe training school.The lostof thisloan witha recoverylager than93%will beafforded bytheguaranteefunds.Besides,for thepurpose ofincreasing therecovery,the training schoolwillget bountyfrom governmentandbankwhen therecovery islager than95%.The concretemethods of training loanhas solvedthree problemsexisted in theloanfor laboremigration training.The firstone is the problemthat povertycannot affordthe costof training.The secondone is that the trainingschoolcannotfind studentsource.And thethird one is that thepoverty reduction loanwith subsidyinterest cannotfind relevantproject andcannot callin.This kind of training model isweled byschool;banks and povertyhouseholdsdeeply.It obtainedhigh evaluation from theprimary levelcadre andmass.To someextent,the formationand extensionof this kind of training modelpromoted theinnovation ofpoverty reductiontraining systemand theinnovation ofpoverty reductionproject managementregulations.But itneeds tobe deepened;perfected anddeveloped in the practicalcourse althoughit hasextension anddemonstration functionsnow.3.4Set upstrict systemand regulatemangement We should establishstrict systemand regulatemanagement allthrough thewhole courseof enrolment;training;employment;fund management and subsidy.The laboremigration trainingincludes fiveprocedures:enrolment;training;employment;subsequent managementand fund appropriation.The arealotof participatorsin thiscourse includingtrainees;poverty reduction deparment atall levels;township goverment;training orgnizationsand the enterprises.The traineetake partinthe training aording to theenrolment requirementand thenthe training organizations arrangethe employment of them.The poverty reductiondeparmenttake responsibility of theestablishment oftraining plan;enrolment;fundappropriationand monitoringtraining organization.The training organizations arein charge oftraining;employmentoftranees and the subsequentmanagement.The enterprisesemploy the trainees through training organizations.Determine the training subjectsWe shouldinsist onthepovertytargeting mechanism.The povertyreduction departmentsatalllevels togetherwith basicgovernments aremainly responsiblefor enrollment.The povertyreduction departmentsat cityand countylevel take responsibilityofconcrete trainingwork.Usually,thepovertyreduction departmentatcitylevel willmake planfortraining and enrollmentand PovertyAlleviation andDevelopment Officein countywill propagandizeaording tothe indexand generalregulations ofenrollment.The indexand generalregulations ofenrollment willbe madeknown tolower levelssuch asTownship governmentand villagersmittee throughadvertisement onTV;post andtelephone andso on.Besides,theworkof signingup,interview andentering schoolfor enrollmentis alsoa partof PovertyAlleviation andDevelopment Offices work.In someplaces,Township governmentand villagersmittee alsotake partin enrolmentto supplythe relevantevident documentsuch aspoverty proofandso on.Choose the training organization.Weshouldinsist onmultiplex choicemechanism.The trainingorganization shouldbe identified.The basicrules areas follows: （1）The organizationshould owna excellentleadinggroup,which isthe basicassurance for the transfertraining. （2）The organizationshould ownindependent corporativequalifications andthequalityoftraining. （3）The organizationshould ownits ownplace andteaching facilitiesand teacherquality. （4）The organizationshould ownstable capabilityand channelfor jobintroduction. （5）The organizationshould ownperfect managementmechanism forlabors transfer. （6）The organizationshould owngood socialcredit.The povertyreduction departmentsactualize dynamicmanagement totraining organizations,crystallize responsibilityand fulfillduty andtime limit.They willcancel itsquality if the trainingorganization worksbadly oracts againstrelevant policyand regulation.Determine the training contents.We willinsist onthelabordemand-based mechanism.Most of the training organizations willdesign thetraining contentsaording tothe actualdemand of employment marketand enterprises,and thenactualize ordertrainings.House keeping;restaurant service;security;building service;garden landscaping;manufacture andelectric assemblyare importantfield of skill trainingat present.In themean while,the lawknowledge;behavior regulationsand rights and interestsensuring andso onshould alsobe partof thetraining contents.The trainingperiod willde determinedaording tothetrainingcontent,which lastfrom3to6months;not longerthan1year.Arrange the traineesemployment.Therearetwo channelsfor thepoverty laborsfor jobsafter training.The firstone isvia theintroduction ofthe graduatedstudents.The secondoneisto useInter to get connectionwith relevantenterprises.The thirdone mayneed to get intouch with the intermediaryagency andrecruitment meetingto lookforthe employers.Besides,some enterpriseswill employthe traineesinthetraining organizationsdirectly.The rightsand interestsprotection.Usually,the subsequentmanagement ofpovertylabors trained bythetrainingorganization isinthechargeoftraining organizations.The subsequentmanagement includesmaking surethey canfind stablejobs fora while;protecting thelegal rightsand interestsifthetrainees aretreated unfairlyin employmentand followup withthem andinvestigate the employment conditionof trainees.Fund managementand appropriationThe specialfunds arrangedby centraland provicialgovernment ismainly subsidyfortrainingof traineesaording torelevant regulationsof nationalpovertyreductionfund management methods,and they cannot beused tobuild infrastructureand buylarge teachingequipments.The standardof subsidyis dependentontheperiodoftraining.The trainningorganizations can get thesubsidy fromfinace deparmentwhen theyhave makethe employmentdestination oftrainees includingtheenterprise;adress;telephone andfamily connectionmode knowntotheofficeofpovertyalleviationanddevelopment.3.4Integrate resourceand formresultand forceTaking theexisted trainingorganizations asmain channel,we shoulduse variousresources abundantlyto mobilizeenthusiasm oftrainingorganizations;theemployersandpovertyloabors.As aresult,allthestakeholders willcarry outvarious trainingdemanded inthe transferingof laborsinpoverty areas throughvarious channelsand levelsand patterns.The trainingmode of school and enterprises jointeffort Yinggemahuman resourcepany,built upinxxin Suzhoucity,isa kindofan enterprisewhich suppliesblue-collar workersand wholescheme forthe foreigncapital enterprises inChina.During thedevelopment,they findthat the enterprisesindeveloped areashope toemploy abundantworkers,but the labors from povertyareasnearly haveno petitiveness.The labors frompovertyareas withoutprofessionalskilland higheducation haveto dothe jobs with lowwages andbad environmentcondition.Under thesupport andguide ofofficeofpovertyalleviationanddevelopmentin Hubei province andYichang city,Yinggema ResourceCompany togetherwith Qinghua professional trainingschool launchedYinggema EducationGroup inxx.More than8000personscanlive inthe baseatthesame time.The enrolment;training;employment;rights protectionand subsequentmanagement areconnected organically.The traineescontracted withpanies,and then they weresent tothe enterpriseswork aftertraininginQinghuaprofessionaltrainingschool.For theenterprise,thiskindof modelmeans that they onlyneed topay somemanagement feeaordingtothe contractioninordertogetstable staffresource withoutrecruitment;trainingandmanagementandso on.And forthetrainees,theycan get moreassurance forjob andrights protectionand laborprotection.Yinggema hashelped3500labors frompovertyareasfind stablejobswithaverage wagemore than1200Yuan suessfullyin theseyears.The fundstheir hometowngets fromthe emigratedlabor aremorethan10million Yuanevery year.Thus,it hascreated goodeconomic andsocial benefitsand realizedthe goal:one personget training,one familyget rich.The trainingmode ofschool andenterprises jointeffort hasfullfilled therecruitment demandof enterprisesinthedeveloped areasas wellas transferredlaborsfrompovertyareassueffully.It gainsauthorization fromgoverments;society;schools andtrainees.Thestatecouncilleadinggroupofficeofpovertyalleviationanddevelopment heldexperience exchangeconference forlaboremigration traininginpovertyareas to extendthiskindof mode.Yu zhengsheng,the mitteemanoftheCCP PoliticalBureau;the provincialparty mitteesecretary inHubei province,pointed outfor threetimes that thetrainingmode ofYinggema andQinghua shouldbe extended.Inxx,based onthe suessfulcooperation withHubeiprovince,Yinggema togetherwiththetraining centerof Chongqingofficeofpovertyalleviationanddevelopmentlaunched twoYinggema professionaltraining schools.They recruited2000students frompovertyfamilyfree ofcharge.After6monthstraining,thetraineeswere allsent towork inSuzhou andthe rateofemploymentwas100%.As aresult,Yinggema professionaltrainingschoolgained goodevaluationfromstudents andparents forits newteaching modeand martialmanagement.It gotaward foradvanced enterpriseinnationaltraining systemforthetransfer ofrural laborerscognized bycentral youthleague andMinistryofagriculture andsoon.4The effect ofthe BountyPlanMore than3million povertylabors haveaept trainingand10million povertypopulation have been ledtoget rich duringthe three-year implementationofBountyPlan.The samplingsurvey indicate thatthe labors whoaepted theskill trainningcanget300-400more Yuanevery monthpared withthe laborswho didnot aeptthetraining.the monitoringofpovertystatistics inxxindicatethatthe inefrom outgopart timejob ownsnearly50%proportion inthe increaseoftheaverage ineper farmer.4.1Compared withother methodsofpovertyreduction,the outputofthelaboremigration training is more obvious.The analysison trendof financialpovertyreductionfund fromMinistryoffinance showus thatthe supportedpovertypopulationis1.34per10thousand Yuanpovertyreductionfund averagelyfrom1998toxx.The laboremigrationtrainingproject with1000Yuan trainingfee perperson cantrain10povertylaborsper10thousand Yuan,which canleading40persons togetrich.So theeffectofpovertyreductionis30times ofthe former.4.2The povertylaborstrainedinthe BountyPlangot morestable andprotective jobspared withspontaneous employmentvia introduction of families or friends.From theangle ofreducing ruraland agriculturalpopulation,thelaboremigrationtraining isthe real method of laborstransfer notlike othermethods whichare justexport.Nowadays,the mainmethodofrurallaborexport isspontaneous viaintroductionoffamiliesorfriends.The laborsare exportedbytheorganizations afterthelaboremigrationtraining.Yuhailong,a malevillager livingin Baimiaovillage MaluTownship Yilongcounty NanchongcityinSichuan province is24years old.Now,he isworking inFulideng Plastic&Electronic co.,LTD inHangzhou cityin Zhejiangprovince.He hasworked in Guangzhou forthree yearsbefore trainingintheFarmer TrainingCenter inQuzhou cityin Zhejiangprovince in11th May,xx.When workinginGuangzhou,the jobisnotso stable and someenterprises onlyoperate forseveral monthseveryyear.And hemust sufferwage arrearsand bullying.So itis hardto finda newjob.The wagehe mostgot isonly1500Yuan permonth.After theelectric&information training,though hecan onlyget600Yuan permonth atthe beginningbut hefeels well.He neednot worryabout the wage arrearsand bullying.He hopesthat hecanmasterakindofskilland stayin thisenterprise fora longtime inthe future.The alikesurvey showus thatthere existedseveral advantagesas follows: （1）The employmentis stronglynormal throughtrainingorganizations.Compared withspontaneous outgopart timejobs,the enterprisesis morecanonical;the workingcircumstance ismore fortable;the jobismorestableandthewageand welfarecan beprotected wellespecially whentheemploymentdispute happening.The trainingorganization willtakeresponsibilityof coordinationand solution. （2）Nearly alloftheski