考研英语写作夏云辉主讲.doc

Part B 写作部分（主讲：夏云辉）一、思路整理避开模板，避开起承转合，讲解作文实体部分的框架构建。话题：社会问题类培养下一代，赡养父母，网络问题，追星问题；婚姻问题人身价值观自信，奋斗，合作，爱心；积极，乐观，善良，宽容。环境问题全球化问题文化火锅；政治，经济（一）社会问题类文章结构：首段，解释图画；二段，分析原因；三段，提出建议。1.分析原因段（1）思维1）主体：采取了错误的措施，take measures （inappropriate）利用了果实的经验，follow experience（impractical）使用了错误的方法，use solutions（incorrect）付出了没有意义的努力 make efforts （meaningless）2）主体：在做某事的过程中受到了（他人、社会、环境、媒体、政策、风俗、习惯、家庭、宗教、信仰）的（影响impact、误导mislead、限制limited、约束、迷惑confused）3）主体（local government and relative department）（缺乏lack足够的abundant（必要的necessary、充分的sufficient、重要的significant/essential、正确的correct）教育education（认识realization、意识、思考consideration、警惕awareness）4）主体没有分清楚问题的A和B形式和内容(form and content)现象和本质（phenomenon and essence）原因和结果（cause and consequence）偶然和必然（occasion and inevitablity）利和弊（benefit and drawback）2.提出建议段（1）动词1正面：改善improve 促进promote 加深deepen 拓展：widen 夯实：enhance 建立：build construct establish 丰富：enrich 加强：strengthen 鼓励：encourage inspire 开展：start 改变：change 发展：develop 调整:adjust反面：限制 limit restrict 禁止：forbid prohibit 惩罚：punish 延迟：delay 取消：cancel 关闭：close 阻止：prevent（2）思维improve+qualitypromote+career、developmentdeepen+cooperationwiden+outlookstrengthen+managementenhance+basicestablish+systemchange+错误的（incorrect、meaningless、inpratical、inappropriate）+n（如solutions、measures等）adjust +structurelimit+number（amount）punish+错误的（见上）、违法的（illegal）+n（如behavior、activity）（3）大事件主体Government政府 Local当地的Department部门 Relative相关的Association协会 Concerned有关的Organization组织 in charge相关责任e.g.Local government and ralative departments should stengthen management of school safety and establish an eftctive system of enviroment protections.（4）重点形容词重要的：significant crucial remarkable essential impressive critical好的：excellent outstanding significant remarkable extraordinary有效的：useful effective helpful prectical meaningful许多：countless amount of alarge various diverse其他词汇极度的：considerable extreme awfully enormous吸引人的:attractive fascinating impressive方便的：convenient坏的：terrible horrible（5）词汇修饰与变化名词：使用并列成分，使用形容词进行修饰，尽量不要单独出现。（6）写作句子的八个要点并列成分：有名词必写并列，有简单句必写并列使用状语结构：均可加时间和地点状语地点如：学校（primary school、university、college、classroom、campus、library、bookstore等）、工作场合（office、company、firm、department等）、生活（磁city、metropolitan、countryside、societ、Community、family、place、area、downtown等时间如：过去（since1999、duringthe last 20 years、in the past 5years）现在（currently、at present、nowadays、in this days）、未来（in the next 10 years、in the futures、in the distant future、in the not-distant future）定语从句的使用修饰词：形容词、副词的使用合理使用被动结构偶尔使用插入语有效使用引导句，如：Many people（experts、teachers、specialist、authorites） think（consider、suggest） thatThere can be no doubet thatIt is undoubet thatThere is no denying thatIt is widely believed（accepted）thatIt is obvious thatIt is equally true that均可引导任何一个陈述句。合理使用动名词（二）社会现象类1.分析社会现象的几大方向（1）经济方向利（省钱、降低开支、增加收入或者税收、如今经济发展、带来经济利润），弊（费钱、增加开支、减少收入）词汇：economical 节约的，finance 金融财政，crisis危机，storm 风暴，reform 改革 globalization 全球化，inflation 通货膨胀，budget预算，effect 效果，tsunami 海啸，bubble泡沫，stock股票，fund基金，trade贸易，bankrupt破产，shrink缩水，stock exchange 股票交易，goods产品，realestate房地产，financial monopoly金融垄断，profit利润，financial shorAtage财政赤字，invest 投资，collect investment融资，stockholder 股东，debt 债务句型：积极create employment opportunities 创造就业机会promote economic development/growth 促进经济发展optimiz（adjust） economic（industry）structure 优化（调整）经济（产业）结构cut down expenses oflargely 极大地降低了的开支bring income and tax to individual and local government(countray)增加税收和收入improve life quality 提升生活质量promote domestic consumption 拉动内需gain more profits 增加更多利润消极 gap between rich and poor is widening贫富差距在扩大The price of goods is rocketing物价上涨Economic deterioration 经济恶化Push up the expense of 加大的开支Slow down the speed of economic development降低经济发展的速度Inflation is becoming increasing serious and common通货膨胀变得越发严重2.人身生理词汇：physical 生理的 health 健康 disease 疾病 cancer 癌症 recover 恢复Headache 头痛 stomachache 胃痛 eye disease 眼疾 radiation 辐射 tired 累的Exhausted 精疲力竭的 bored 乏味的 regular 规律的句型：sth is harmful（beneficial）to our health.Sth can lead to serious disease or cancer.3.心理状态喜cheerful elated glad怒angry indignant raging wrathful哀sorrowful mournful doleful grieved忧depressed stressful anxious annoyed gloomy恐afraid fearsome desperate思 consider deliberate惊astonish shocked surprised amazed moved4.人际关系和社会关系Interpersonal relationship人际关系 communication 交流 respect 尊重Understanding 理解 trust 信任 reputation 名声 fame 名声 mutual benefit 双边利益5.自然环境Damage 破坏 garbage 垃圾 plastic bags 塑料袋 white pullution 白色污染recycl 循环 keep ecology balanced 保持生态平衡 sustainable development 可持续发展 low-carbon 低碳（三）人生价值观自信、奋斗、合作、爱心、善良、乐观、勇敢、诚实1.框架首段描述图画二段罗列各种好处三段举例证明此价值观2.关于二段罗列好处生存-安全-情感-自尊-自我实现学习-工作-生活三大方向经济-生理-心理-人文-自然五大范畴E.g.善良：有利于和别人相处，有更好的人际关系，可以得到更多人的尊重，可以找到更好的工作等等。列举一个具体的人物能体现这种人生价值观步骤：身份介绍，主要事迹Sb is an outstanding（excellent、essential、fascinating、remarkable、charming、attractive、successful 、diligent、emotional and humorous ）teacher（philosophy、dancer、singer expert、musicians）in China（special field、his age、his life、his career、society、in most peoples eyes、in community、in teenagersmind ，in recent 50 years、for many years）Sb who is加上一段话，表示成就。Sbs achievements （accomplishments、respect、success、glory、performance）can be attributed to sbs XXX人生价值观（如 confidence）或者the spirit illustrated in the picture.令人瞩目的 significant，巨大的enormous ，无法忘记的unforgettable，重要的 essential，独一无二的 exceptional，无法置信的 unbelievableEg：三段：自信Liu xiang,who is an outstanding and excellent racer in his special field,won countless games.Many experts consider thatHis significant achievement can be partly attributed to his confidence.举例之前的引导句：A:Example of this spirit can be found easily in our life.B:There are many famous person illustrating this spirit vividly in our life.C:Example to illustrate this spirit are countless.二段拍马屁方法：A is impossible without B. 没B，A不可能。B plays an important role in doing STh. B在做某事中扮演着重要的角色。Nothing is more important than B in doing STh.In doing STh,B is the best solution,choice,essence,option,prescription,medicine,method,weapon.B is your last option in front of(difficult,adversity(逆境),life,pain.)Cooperation is beneficial to your interpersonal relationship.Cooperation can promote your study.-成品:people are willing to communicate with you if you are honest.Gain more respect,understanding,fame,income,appreciation,gratitude,support-You can gain morewith STh. Eg:You can gain more opportunity and support with confidence.In gaining support,cooperation is the best choice.用各种不同句型和各种骂屁组合加上八大方法二段前部分（16页）原因、建设如何组合成段（结合第一节课）take incorrect measure.1.原因从哪儿来通过阅读大量文章，过滤出一些常见的万能原因和一些英语形式（注第一节课笔记）通过五大方向：经济、环境、社会、身体、心理（参考利弊分析类文章和高频词笔记）-原因分析段：Careful deliberation of this problem has given me several ideas as to why this should be so.To begin with,whats more,last but not least,(中间原因参照第一节)2.建设从哪儿来有原因就对应有什么建设（参考笔记中的高频建议词）如何组织句法写出原因的反义词先写出建设动词，围绕它构造主语和宾语（四大万能主语：政府、协会、部门、组织；宾语（万能）：参照笔记）-It is imperative for us to improve this situation.For one thing,For another,图话题首段：1.首句:描述主要对象的主要信息（占得比例最大；处于中心位置；通常是人或拟人的物体）神情 五官 动作 服饰 手持物品神情：七大心理词汇动作：stand straight站直、run rapidly/slouly跑 walk rapidly/slowly走 sit坐 squat蹲 lie躺 creep 爬 leap 跳 curl up 蜷 stretch 伸(out/straight ) kic