科研经费管理系统开题报告和英文翻译.doc

指导文件5：毕业设计（论文）开题报告计算机科学与信息工程系（院） 届题 目（中文） 科研经费管理系统 （英文） The management system of the research budget 课题类型 软件设计 课题来源 自选 学生姓名 专业班级 指导教师 职 称 填写日期：2008年4月3日一、本课题研究的主要内容、目的和意义科研经费管理的目的：提高经费的使用效益,科学地评价与考核科研经费使用效益是衡量经费科学管理水平的重要依据。科研经费效益评价与考核的基础是客观的财务保障与管理活动,科研经费效益评价与考核必须真实、准确,评估的对象要根据财务保障与管理的需要确定,评估指标体系的设计应科学合理,评估人员的态度和行为应当公正客观。科研经费效益评价与考核指标的设计是一项复杂的系统工程,根据科研经费管理活动的不同内容和方面,可以分为经费计划、经费供应、支出管理、经费结算、财经秩序和经费成果六个指标,运用多级模糊综合指数法求得数值来考评科研经费使用效益。科研经费效益评价与考核的程序就是:明确评估对象;建立指标层次结构;计算指标权重;计算效益评定值。利用这种方法,我们既可以在纵向上对比一个单位不同时期的财务保障与管理效益,又可以在横向上对比不同单位的财务保障与管理效益。综上所述,只有运用合作竞争的科学管理方法,在前期重视科研经费的论证决策,在过程中建立起系统、科学的财务监管模式,在后期对科研经费的使用效益进行评价和考核,才能实现对科研经费的科学化管理。二、文献综述（国内外相关研究现况和发展趋向）根据国外研究机构多年的统计观察,科研项目的早期论证,对提高科研经费使用效益起着相当大的决定作用。其中,在方案探索结束时做出的决策对全周期费用的影响度达70%;到演示试验结束时,影响度达85%;到工程研制结束时,影响度达95%。我国科学研究管理在立项决策阶段较常见的问题是项目前期工作深度不够,可行性研究工作粗糙,内容不充实,数据不准确,甚至弄虚作假。这种立项论证中的先天不足,将会给日后的科学研究造成严重隐患,增加经费投入的风险。因此,加强早期论证的经济可行性分析势在必行。经济分析是科学研究决策过程中运筹研究的三大内容之一,它决不是一项单纯的财务核算和会计工作,而是技术性强、综合性高的分析研究工作。要求对科研全过程各个环节的技术经济问题加以全面考虑,通过数学分析得出定量概念。只有各方面的可行性研究得到妥善的协调、评估和通过,才能进行决策。有关部门在科研项目立项决策时,应按照严格的决策程序,对经济可承受性进行全面审查,成立专门的费用分析和估算机构,独立对项目的费用进行估算和确认,为科学决策提供依据。三、拟采取的研究方法（方案、技术路线等）和实现的可行性论证本系统采用VB+ACCESS开发。VB特点：VB为编程提供了一个集成开发环境。在这个环境中，编程者可设计界面、编写代码、调试程序，直至把应用程序编译成可在Windows中运行的可执行文件，并为它生成安装程序。VB的集成开发环境为编程者提供了方便。VB为编程提供了一个集成开发环境。在这个环境中，编程者可设计界面、编写代码、调试程序，直至把应用程序编译成可在Windows中运行的可执行文件，并为它生成安装程序。VB的集成开发环境为编程者提供了很大的方便。VB利用数据控件可以访问多种数据库，VB 6O提供的ADO控件，不但可以用最少的代码实现数据库操作和控制，也可以取代Data控件和RDO控件。ACCESS特点：1、Access是 Microsoft Office 的一个组件，一个前后台结合的数据库“软件”。 也就是说Access既拥有用户界面(VB可以用来开发用户界面)；也拥有逻辑、流程处理，即VBA语言(VB也可以用来做逻辑处理)；又可以存储数据，即在“表”中存储数据。而所有这些都存储在一个 MDB 格式的文件中(当然，也可以是 MDE 等格式)。2、Access不是一种存储格式，是一种软件。3、ACCESS 这个软件本身就具有开发者使用的界面和适合于“最终用户”的界面，也就是我们通常说的前后台结合。四、预期结果（或预计成果）1、能够在客户机上通过安装。2、各模块间可以相互通信，前台能够方便调用数据库。3、数据库可以安全有效管理前台。4、数据录入和存储正确。五、研究进度安排1、 准备阶段（2月底前）确定课题，搜集有关资料，准备参考资料。2、 系统分析、确定实施方案阶段（3月15日3月31日）通过对课题的论证、分析，所用技术与使用解决办法比较，从多种可能的方案中选择较优的方案。3、 编写程序、进行计算与实验分析阶段（4月1日4月30日）根据设计要求，应用较新的理论知识确定设计原则，计算方法，并写出规范的程序流程图，编制源程序，进行程序调试和实例分析，使之完全达到设计要求。4、 编写毕业设计说明书阶段（4月1日4月30日）参照写作提纲编写规范的毕业设计说明书。5、 准备答辩阶段（5月1日5月20日）6、 毕业设计答辩阶段（5月21日5月30日）参加毕业设计 的学生每周集中一次，由指导老师进行指导或答疑。六、主要参考文献1、 参考文献目录 Visual Basic 数据库系统开发案例精选 高春艳 李俊民 人民邮电出版社 Visual Basic 6.0程序设计教程 罗朝盛 人民邮电出版社 Access 2003使用培训教程 马威 清华大学出版社2、外文参考文献翻译（译文大于5000汉字）见附件“毕业设计（论文）外文参考文献翻译” 七、审核意见指导教师对开题的意见：指导教师签字： 年 月 日系（院）审核意见：审核人签字： 年 月 日说明：1、该表每生一份，系（院）妥善存档；2、课题来源填：“自选”或“教师指定”或“其它”，课题类型填：“理论研究”或“应用研究”或“技术开发”或“实验设计”或“其它”。附件：毕业设计（论文）外文参考文献翻译 计算机科学与信息工程系（院） 2006届题 目（中文） 科研经费管理系统 （英文） The management system of the research budget 学生姓名 专业班 完成日期： 2008年4月6日本页及以下为文献翻译正文，外文文献可1-3篇，译文应大于5000汉字以上。每篇外文参考文献原文后排列其对应译文。正文编排页码，装订时连同其封面、目录一起装订。正文字体、字号自定。） The management system of the research budgetThe purpose of the research budget management:Raise the usage performance of budget, science ground evaluation with investigate research budget to use a performance is measure budget science management level of importance basis.The performance evaluation of the research budget and the foundation for investigating is an objective finance guarantee and manages an activity, research budget performances evaluating and investigating have to be true and accurate, valuation of the object want to guarantee and management according to the finance of need to be made sure, valuation index sign system of design should science reasonable, evaluate the personnels attitude and behavior should be fair and objective.The performance evaluation of the research budget with investigate the design of index sign is a complicated system engineering, according to research budget management activity of different contents and aspect, can is divided into a budget plan, budget a supply, expend management, the budget balance of accounts, finance and economics order and budget result are six index signs, making use of many misty comprehensive the index number method beg number to examine the usage performance of the research budget.The procedure of performance evaluation and investigate of the research budget be:explicit valuation object;Build up index sign layer structure;Compute index sign power heavy;Computing the performance assesses a value.Make use of this kind of method, we since can at lengthways up contrast a finance guarantee with not contemporaneous unit and management performance, again can at horizontal up contrast the finance of different unit a guarantee and manage a performance.Total of to say,only have an usage cooperation science of the competition a management a method, fore expect to value the argument decision of research budget, start to build up the finance of system, science to take charge of mode in the process, at after expect to carry on evaluation and investigate to the usage performance of research budget, then can carry out the scientific management toward the research budget.Domestic and international related research current conditions and development incline to:According to statistics an observation for foreign think factory several years, the earlier period argument of research item, to raise the usage performance of the research budget contain very big decision function.Be the influence of the decision upon the whole period expenses of to reach to 70% when the project investigate be over among them;While arriving to play to show to experiment be over, the influence reaches to 85%;When arriving the engineering developed be over, the influence reached to 95%.Our country science research the management is signing a problem with more familiar decision stage to expect to work before ising an item the depth isnt enough, possibility research work rough, contents not substantial, the data prohibits indeed, even making to forge falsely.This kind of sign an argument in of inborn shortage, will give in the days to come of the science research result in the serious suffer from, increasing the risk ofwith budget devotion.Therefore strengthen the economic viability assessment power ofwith argument of earlier period Be going necessarily.Economy analysis is three inner palaces that science studies decision the strategy in the process to study to permit it a, it will never be a pure of the finance check with the accountancy work, but the technique is strong, the comprehensive is high of analytical research work.Requesting the economic problem of the technique to each link of the research whole processeses to take into considers completely, passing mathematics analysis to get metered concept.Only the possibility research of everyones noodles get appropriate coordination, valuation and pass, then can carry on decision.Department concerned when the research item sign a decision, should according to strict decision procedure, can bear sex to carry on to investigate completely to the economy, establish specialized expenses analysis and estimate organization, carry on estimating to the expenses of item with confirmation independently, provide for science decision basis.Study the possibility argument ofwith method and realizationThe this system adoption VB ACCESS develops VB characteristics:VB for wove a distance to provide an integration a development environment.In this environment, the plait distance can design interface, write a code and adjust to try procedure, keeping to edit and translate application procedure can circulate in the Windows of can carry out a document, and is it born install procedure.The VB integrated development environment provided convenience for the one who weave distance.VB for wove a distance to provide an integration a development environment.In this environment, the plait distance can design interface, write a code and adjust to try procedure, keeping to edit and translate application procedure can circulate in the Windows of can carry out a document, and is it born install procedure.The VB integrated development environment provided very great convenience for the one who weave distance.VB exploitation datas controling a piece can visit various databases, VB 6.the O provide of the ADO control a piece, can carry out database operation and control with the minimal code not only, can also replace Data to control piece and RDO to control a piece.ACCESS characteristics:1, the Access is a module of Microsoft Office, 1 in front and back the pedestal combine of the databasesoftware.Is also say Access since own customer interface;(the VB can use to develop customer interface)Also own logic, process processing, then the VBA language can also use to do a logic processing);And then can save a data, save a data inform.And all these are all saving in a document of MDB format.(certainly can be a MDE etc. format)2, the Access isnt a kind of saving format, is a kind of software.3, ACCESS this software have the interface of developer usage with the interface of suitable forend customer, is also we usually say in front and back a pedestal to combine.Expectation result1, can at customer on board pass gearing2, each mold piece can correspond by letter mutually, the stage can be convenient to adjust to use a database.3, the database can be safe to manage stage effectively.4, the data record go into with save exactitude.Expectation resultDevelop process and the problem involved and resolve a methodThe system designs analysisThis system is applicable to a school, its function is mainly divided into six major type:Customer management:Used for increasing customer, endow with in the different legal power and to the modification and the search of customer.Finance processing:Used for the importation, modification toward the result.Support an item database:Used for to record to debt and income go into and modification.Help an information:The concrete operation which useds for to this system carries on a detailed solution.The research budget managesResearch budget management completion year budget of draw up, the year budget plans of draw up, examine and approve, descend to reach, the stage allocate funds plan and grind budget to approve officially towards planning surgery.The year budget managesManage the budget index sign of the budget receipt and expenditure of year, include budget index sign to draw up, assign, examine, gather, grant etc.Include to develop a fee, circulate a fee, usher in a fee, pay superior, income up, the knot turned last year etc., expended budget index sign to include to develop a fee(direct fee and technique foundation budget) and circulated fee etc.Concretely include:The year plans a managementManage each section, various purpose budget the year plan, planning of the main contents have item, stage or sub- system, expenses type, the budget needed etc. index sign.According to need to carry on appropriate adjustment to the plan, in time do a reaction to the variety of policy, market.Concretely include:Fill to report various each factory of eyeses of the appropriation node plan form;Gather various each factory of eyeses of the appropriation node plan form, become the draft program of year;1 First trial year draft program;2 Examine and approve the draft program of year, become a year to plan;3 Descending the year of hair plans.The funds manages everydayManage the object, time, use, amount of money of actual budget appropriation(stir to go into and stir), explain, examine and approve, appropriation information etc.1 The budget stirs to go intoManaging the research budget stirs into the circumstance.Concretely include:Recording the research budget stirs into the circumstance;Searching the research budget stirs into the circumstance;Checking the research budget stirs into the circumstance.2 Allocate funds