英语词语用法(二).doc

英语词语用法一、口语中常用的十类感叹词1.oh表示惊讶、指责、痛苦、称赞、懊恼等，可译为“哦、哎呀、噢、啊、呀”等。如：（1）“Oh, who was that? ”Mr. Black asked. “哦，是谁？”布莱克先生问。 （2）Oh, learned judge! Oh, wise young man! 噢，博学的法官！噢，聪明的年轻人！ 2.ah表示惊奇、高兴、讨厌、懊恼、藐视、威胁等，可译为“呀、啊”等。如：（1）Ah, how pitiful! 呀，多可惜！ （2）Ah, here is the thing I am after! 哎呀，我找的东西在这呢。3.come表示鼓励、不耐烦、引起注意、安慰等，可译为“喂、好吧、说吧、得啦”等。如： （1）Come, come! Get him his change. Tom, get him his change. 好吧，好吧，快把钱找给他。汤姆，快把钱找给他。（2）Come, we must hurry.喂，我们得赶紧啦！4.dear表示后悔、难过、怜悯、同情、吃惊、盼望等，可译为“哎呀、天哪”等。如： （1）Dear me! What awful weather! 哎呀！多糟的天气！（2）Oh, dear, dear! Where can Harry be? 天哪，天哪，亨利在哪？5.well表示快慰、让步、期望、讥讽、解释、责备、犹豫等，可译为“好吧、不过、好啦、嗯”等。如：（1）Are you sure? Well, perhaps you are right.你能肯定吗？嗯，也许你说得对。（2）Well, you must come to have lunch tomorrow.不过，你明天一定要来吃午饭。6.now 表示警告、命令、请求、说明、安慰等，可译为“喂、喏、好了”等，有时也可不必译出。如： （1）Now, now, you two；dont fight again.喂，喂，你们俩，别再打了。 （2）Now ,lets play basketball.喏，咱咱们打篮球吧！7.there表示得意、鼓励、同情、悲哀、不耐烦、失望、安慰、挑衅、引起注意等，可译为“哟、瞧、好啦、得啦”等。如： （1）There! There! Never mind. Youll soon feel better.好啦，好啦，不要紧，你马上就会好的。（2）There, there, you said too much.得啦，得啦，你说得太多了。8.man 表示兴奋、轻蔑、不耐烦、引起注意，可译为“啊、嗨”等。如：（1）Hurry up, man.嗨，快点。（2）We have won the match, man! 啊，我们胜利了！9.body表示高兴、兴奋、惊奇等，可译为“嘿、哇、哼、怎么样”等。如： （1）Boy, oh, boy! Our teams going to win! How fantastic! 哇，怎么样！我们队要赢了！真是太好了！ （2）Boy! This soup is good，Mom! 嘿，妈妈，这汤不错！10.此外还有： ha (惊奇、疑惑、鄙视) 如： Ha! Proud as these nobles are, he is afraid to see me.哈！他尽管像这些贵族那样傲慢，却害怕见到我。 aha (得意、惊奇、嘲弄、满意) 如： The trousers are all right；now the waistcoat；aha, right again.裤子合身；再请穿上背心试试；啊哈，也很合身。 hey（喜悦、打招呼） 如： Hey! I didnt expect to meet you here.嗨！我没想到在这遇到你。 sh (制止、引起注意) 如： They were about to go down. When Tom suddenly whispered, “Sh! Keep still. Dont move! ” 他们正想再下去，这时汤姆突然低声道： “嘘，安静，别动！” why (吃惊、抗议) 如： Why, whats the harm? 咳，这有什么害处呢？ nonsense (胡说) “Nonsense,” the king shouted. “My cook is the best cook in the world.”“胡说！”那国王喊道，“我的厨师是世界上最好的厨师。” good heavens (惊异、不高兴) “Good heavens! Listen to that silly child,” said the father. “天哪！听那傻孩子在瞎说什么！”孩子的父亲说。二、关于“我了解”的十种表达方式 1. I see. 我了解。 2. I got you. 我知道了。 3. You got that right. 你说得对。 4. I can tell you from the top of my head. 我想都不用想就能告诉你。 5. I can tell you by heart. 我可以凭印象告诉你。 6. Its a piece of cake. 太容易了。 7. Thats a no-brainer. 这件事太简单了。8. Ill figure it out later. 我一会儿就能想通。9. I can pretty much understand what you are talking about. 我非常能理解你在说些什么。10. There you go! 你说得对！三、表达“睡不着”的十句话 1. I couldnt fall asleep last night.我昨晚睡不着。 2. I passed a wakeful night. 我彻夜未眠。 3. I was up all night.我一整晚都没睡。 4. I had a sleepless night worrying about my exams. 我因为担心考试一整晚没睡。 5. Ive been suffering from insomnia.我近来饱受失眠之苦。 6. I didnt close my eyes until early morning. 我一直到凌晨才入睡。7. I tossed and turned in bed all night. /I tossed about in bed all night.我一整夜辗转难眠。 8. Sleeping pills somehow didnt work for me last night. 昨晚不知怎么搞的，安眠药对我没起作用。 9. I was counting sheep all night. 我整晚一直在数羊。 10. I guess I drank too much coffee. I was wide awake all night.我想我可能是咖啡喝得太多了，一整晚都很清醒。四、五官“如是说” Ear a person who has a good ear for music 有音乐鉴赏能力的人 be up to ones ears in sth 深陷于，埋头于，忙于 have itching ears 爱好新奇的事物 go in one ear and out at the other 左耳进右耳出 over head and ears in debt 负债累累，债台高筑 play it by ear 见机行事，随机应变 pleasant to the ear 悦耳 prick up ones ears 倾听 smile from ear to ear 眉开眼笑，笑得合不拢嘴 to be all ears 多听 Nose have your nose in sth 专心致志于某事 keep ones nose clean 循规蹈矩 keep ones nose out of sth 避免插手（他人的事），尽力不卷入或介入某事 led by the nose 被牵着鼻子走 nose into others affairs 喜欢打听别人的秘密或干涉别人的私事 turn ones nose up at sth 鼻子朝天（自视甚高，看轻别人），拒绝 Eye an eye for an eye 以眼还眼，以牙还牙 an eyesore 刺眼的、让人不愉快的事 be up to ones eyes in sth 深陷于，埋头于，忙于 close/shut ones eyes to sth 对视而不见，熟视无睹 give sb the eye 向某人送秋波，向某人抛媚眼 keep an eye on sb/sth 注意，留心，仔细查找 make eyes at sb 向某人送秋波，向某人抛媚眼 see eye to eye with sb 完全同意某人的看法 to be all eyes 多看 with ones eyes open 心中有数，明知事情有问题 with ones eyes closed/shut 轻而易举，毫不费力 Mouth down in the mouth 闷闷不乐，沮丧 going from mouth to mouth 口口相传 keep ones mouth to mouth 守口如瓶，保持缄默 live from hand to mouth 收入仅够糊口 open ones mouth 口无遮拦 putting words into sbs mouth 硬说某人说过某些话 take the words right out of sbs mouth 说出某人想要说的话Tongueget ones tongue around/round sth 正确发出的音set tongues wagging 使议论纷纷，给人以说闲话的口实slip off the tongue 顺口，容易说with（your）tongue in (your) check 说说而已，半开玩笑地五、water 用复数形式的几种情况 1.当water表示江河湖海等“水域”或“水体”时，习惯上用复数。如： They will cross the waters tomorrow.他们明天要渡海。 The waters of the lake flow out over a large waterfall.这个湖里的水流出后形成了一个大瀑布。 2.当water表示某国的“近海”、“海域”或“领海”时，习惯上用复数。如： British territorial waters 英国的海域 The number of fish in coastal waters has decreased.沿海的鱼量已经减少了。 3.当water表示“矿泉水”、“泉水”或“喷泉水花”时，习惯上用复数。如： We drink table waters.我们喝瓶装矿泉水。 A great poem is a fountain forever overflowing with the waters of wisdom and delight.一首伟大的诗篇犹如一座喷泉，永远能喷出智慧和欢乐的火花。 注意：take/drink the waters 为习语，指“喝矿泉水治疗或到矿泉胜地疗养”。如：He went abroad to drink the waters.他出国去进行矿泉治疗。 4.当water表示“洪水”等大量的水时，习惯上用复数。如： The flood waters are going down.洪水渐退。 The dam was not strong enough to hold back the flood waters.水坝不太坚固，挡不住洪水。 5.当water表示几条不同河流或海域的水时，习惯上用复数。如： The waters of the two rivers mingled(together) to form one river here.两条河在此处汇合成一条。 6.当water在某些固定表达中时，习惯上用复数。如： in smooth water(s) 进展顺利，一帆风顺 pour oil on troubled waters 平息风波，调停争端 fish in muddy waters 趁火打劫，浑水摸鱼 fish in troubled waters 浑水摸鱼六、汉语中习惯用语的英译 一桶水摇不想，半桶水响叮当。A little knowledge (or learning) can be (or is) dangerous.（一知半解很危险。）或者说：Still water runs deep. (静水深不可测。)也可以说：He who knows the most says the least. (懂得越多的人，反而说得越少。) 水落石出All secrets may eventually come to light. (所有的秘密最后总会曝光。)或Eventually, every secret will be disclosed. 这山望着那山高。The grass always looks greener on the other side. (另一边的草看起来总是更绿。) 烈火炼真金，患难见真情。Liquor brings out a persons true color. (烈酒能显示一个人的本色。)或 Wine reveals a persons true heart. 雷声大，雨点小。Actions speak louder than words. (行动胜于雄辩。)或 All we hear is words, but there is no action.(只动嘴不动口。)或 Actions and words should go hand in hand.(言行必须一致。)或 An empty barrel makes biggest sound.(空洞的话说得太多了。) 人不可貌相，海水不可斗量。We can not judge a person by appearance only. (不能仅凭一个人的外貌来判断一个人的好坏。)或 You can not judge a book by its cover.(不能仅凭一本书的封面来判断它的好坏。) 口蜜腹剑，笑里藏刀。 with honey in ones lip and murder in ones heart或 honey-mouthed but dagger-hearted或 He is an evil man who has a mouth that praises and a hand that kills. 少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲。Studying/Working hard can lead you to a brighter/more promising future. (努力用功会带给你光明的前程。）Study hard when you are young. It will pay off when you get older. (年轻时好好努力，到老时就会觉得学有所值。) 学如行舟，不进则退。Learning seems like rowing upstream(逆流),if one does not advance, one will fall back. 或 Learning is like rowing against the current(激流), if one does not advance, one retreat. 或 If you dont make progress, you will fall behind. 忠言逆耳，良药苦口。Honest advice may be distasteful to the recipient.或 Honest advice is hard to accept.或 Truth is a hard pill to swallow.或 Truth hurts. 近朱者赤，近墨者黑。One takes the behavior of ones company. (一个人的行为，往往受到朋友的影响。)或 One takes the attributes of ones associates.或 Watch the company you keep!(小心交朋友！)七、实用习语 1.poker face 面无表情的人 I never know whether my boss likes my work or nothe is a real poker face!我从来也不知道我的老板到底喜欢不喜欢我的工作。他的脸上可真是一点表情都没有。2.The shoe is on the other foot.形势已经完全不同。 Back in school we made fun of Jones because we thought he spent too much time studying instead of having fun. Now the shoe is on the other foothes made lots of money and the rest of us are just barely making enough to feed our families.以前在学校里念书的时候，我们老是笑话Jones把大量的时间都用来学习却不会玩可是现在情况就完全不同了，他赚了不少钱，而我们这些人的收入只够维持一家人的生计而已。3.to pay through the nose 高价 Life is funny. When the famous Dutch painter Vincent Van Gogh was alive, nobody wanted to buy his pictures. But now rich people will pay through the nose for one of his pictures, sometimes more than five million dollars.人生实在是很有趣的。当那位著名的荷兰画家梵高活着的时候，没有人买他的画。可是，现在那些有钱人却愿意出高价买他的画，有时候一张画就要五百多万美元。4.to keep an ear to the ground 保持高度警觉 I try to keep an ear to the ground and what I hear these days is that most people think we spend too much money on building roads and not enough on our schools.我总是设法注意人们的看法。 最近我听说，大多数人认为我们在筑路方面花钱太多，而用在学校方面的钱却不足。5.up to ones ears 深深卷入 The mayor said he didnt know people on his staff were taking bribes. But my guess is up to his ears in it.市长说他不知道他手下的工作人员接受贿赂。可是，我猜想他是完全介入这些事的。6.sweeten the pot增加有利条件 Miss Smith didnt want the job until the company sweetened the pot by offering her a higher salary and the use of a company car. Smith小姐本来不想要那份工作的。后来，那家公司提高了她的工资，还给她配了一辆公司的汽车。这样，她才接受了那份公司。7.to fly off the handle激怒 My wife spent all afternoon yesterday cooking a special dinner for our wedding anniversary. So she really flew off the handle when I came home there hours late.为了庆祝我们结婚周年，昨天我太太花了整个下午精心烹调。可是，我晚了三个小时到家。这让她很恼火。8.to bark up the wrong tree找错门了 Hey man, if you think I was the guy who robbed that bank today, youre barking up the wrong tree! I was nowhere near the place.喂，要是你认为我是今天抢银行的那个人，那你就错怪我了。我根本就没上那儿去。9.right on the beam做得对 Your school report is right on the beam: you followed directions exactly and got all the facts down in the right order.你的报告写得很好：很符合要求，而且把每个事实都按照正确的次序写了进去。10.to keep ones shirt on 要有耐心，别发火 Keep your shirt on, please! Im sorry ,but the boss made me work late at the office.请你千万别发火。我很抱歉。可是，我的老板给我安排了很多工作，我不得不在办公室加班。八、部分国内名校校训欣赏 1. Wuhan University: Improve Yourself, Carry Forward Stamina, Seek Truth and Develop Innovations 武汉大学：自强 弘毅 求是 拓新 2. Tianjin University: Seek Truth from Facts 天津大学：实事求是 3. Zhejiang University: Seek Truth and Be Creative 浙江大学：求是 创新 4. Peking University: Patriotism, Advancement, Democracy and Science 北京大学：爱国 进步 民主 科。学 5. Shandong University: Noblein Spirit; Boundless in Knowledge 山东大学：气有浩然 学无止境 6. Southeast University: Strive for Perfection 东南大学：止于至善 7. Beijing Normal University: Learn to Be an Excellent Teacher; Act as an Exemplary Person 北京师范大学：学为人师 行为世范 8. Nanjing University: Be Honest and Intelligent; Study Hard and Act Sincerely 南京大学：诚朴 雄伟 励学 敬行 9. Fudan University: Rich in Knowledge and Tenacious of Purpose; Inquiring with Earnestness and Reflecting with S